增訂土地法第34條之1 之立法目的，在於解決共有土地處分問題以促進共有土地有效利用，惟該條文以多數決原則所建構之處分要件解決共有土地處分問題，以促進土地利用之同時，對於「少數者」（不同意處分共有土地之共有人）之既有權利之保障是否周全，乃實施該條文時，所不可忽略的課題。因此，本研究從法律經濟觀點及財產權保障觀點，探討土地法第34條之1 之規定是否符合效率原則及公平原則，並作為土地法第34條之 1未來修訂之參考。 經本研究剖析之後，其結論與建議如下： 一、結論 (一)增訂土地法第34條之 1，雖有助於降低處分過程中之交易成本，惟產生少數者負 擔處分過程中，所降低的交易成本。 (二)從土地使用效率觀點而言，目前有關處分共有土地之法令中，對於「出租是否得適用土地法第34條之 1第 1項」及「處分公同共有土地時，並無直接依據土地法第34條之 1第 1項規定辦理之函令」等問題，因仍未能完善的解決，故仍有礙於共有土地處分而不利地使用。 (三)從財產權保障觀點而言，目前有關處分共有土地之法令中，對於「通知並非處分共有土地之必要生效要件」及「對價或補償標準未明確訂定」等問題，仍未能有效解決，表示對「少數者」之既有權利保障，仍未盡周全。 (四)由上述分析結果可知，增訂土地法第34條之 1後，雖有助處分共有土地而利於促進共有土地利用，惟「少數者」（不同意處分共有土地之共有人）負擔處分過程中，所降低的交易成本之問題及對「少數者」之既有權利保障之規定並不周全，使得「少數者」之權利受損，顯示該條文似乎有重土地使用效率而輕財產權保障之情形。 二、建議 (一)促進土地使用效率方面 1.將土地法第34條之 1之適用範圍擴大。 2.將地政機關調解共有人處分共有土地問題之功能，明定為共有人在無法處分共有土地時，聲請司法機關審理之先置程序。 3.對於潛在的應有部分明確者之公同共有土地之處分，應以行政釋示，依土地法第34條之 1第 1項規定辦理。 4.明定他共有人有行使全部共有土地之優先購買權。 (二)加強財產權保障方面 1.適度調整處分共有土地之處分要件。 2.將共有人處分共有土地時，通知他共有人之「書面通知」效力提昇。 3.健全土地估價制度。

<p>The challenge of alleviating poverty, especially of the rural poor, is a universal one. Mozambique is also faced with this challenge as well the challenge of redressing the inequality exacerbated by civil war. Among the many strategies suggested for addressing poverty is improving poor people&rsquo / s access to land. In Mozambique, all land is owned by the state, yet informal land markets do exist. A theoretical review of the models on informal markets in developing countries reveals that economy of rural family depend greatly on land resources, and that often formalisation of land markets leads to land concentration and speculation rather than to the promotion of economic development. The overall objective of the study was to analyse the economic, institutional and social dynamics and determinants of informal land markets in rural Mozambique and how they impact on the livelihoods of poor people. Due to the largely unexplored nature of the topic, this study is exploratory and descriptive in nature. Research methods included a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. To achieve these objectives, a strategy comprising two approaches was used. Firstly, a theoretical review was undertaken, to discuss both international and African debate on informal land markets models with regard to different views on Mozambican informal land markets. This theoretical review also covered the political economy of land in Mozambique. Secondly, empirical evidence was systematized in the form of a case study of the perceptions of determinants on informal land markets that was undertaken in Mogovolas district. The lack of clear policy regarding the informal land market in Mozambique produced a complex range of problems, between local people, between locals and new investors, between new investors, and between all these groups and the state. The large majority of smaller localised conflicts were, and continue to be, resolved by traditional authorities and local social-control mechanisms. Conflicts between local people and investors have proved much more complex. The role of the state has been unclear from the start and the state is still dysfunctional due to a lack of transparency, inefficiency, and corruption in management of land.</p>

<p>The challenge of alleviating poverty, especially of the rural poor, is a universal one. Mozambique is also faced with this challenge as well the challenge of redressing the inequality exacerbated by civil war. Among the many strategies suggested for addressing poverty is improving poor people&rsquo / s access to land. In Mozambique, all land is owned by the state, yet informal land markets do exist. A theoretical review of the models on informal markets in developing countries reveals that economy of rural family depend greatly on land resources, and that often formalisation of land markets leads to land concentration and speculation rather than to the promotion of economic development. The overall objective of the study was to analyse the economic, institutional and social dynamics and determinants of informal land markets in rural Mozambique and how they impact on the livelihoods of poor people. Due to the largely unexplored nature of the topic, this study is exploratory and descriptive in nature. Research methods included a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. To achieve these objectives, a strategy comprising two approaches was used. Firstly, a theoretical review was undertaken, to discuss both international and African debate on informal land markets models with regard to different views on Mozambican informal land markets. This theoretical review also covered the political economy of land in Mozambique. Secondly, empirical evidence was systematized in the form of a case study of the perceptions of determinants on informal land markets that was undertaken in Mogovolas district. The lack of clear policy regarding the informal land market in Mozambique produced a complex range of problems, between local people, between locals and new investors, between new investors, and between all these groups and the state. The large majority of smaller localised conflicts were, and continue to be, resolved by traditional authorities and local social-control mechanisms. Conflicts between local people and investors have proved much more complex. The role of the state has been unclear from the start and the state is still dysfunctional due to a lack of transparency, inefficiency, and corruption in management of land.</p>

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / The challenge of alleviating poverty, especially of the rural poor, is a universal one. Mozambique is also faced with this challenge as well the challenge of redressing the inequality exacerbated by civil war. Among the many strategies suggested for addressing poverty is improving poor people&rsquo;s access to land. In Mozambique, all land is owned by the state, yet informal land markets do exist. A theoretical review of the models on informal markets in developing countries reveals that economy of rural family depend greatly on land resources, and that often formalisation of land markets leads to land concentration and speculation rather than to the promotion of economic development. The overall objective of the study was to analyse the economic, institutional and social dynamics and determinants of informal land markets in rural Mozambique and how they impact on the livelihoods of poor people. Due to the largely unexplored nature of the topic, this study is exploratory and descriptive in nature. Research methods included a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. To achieve these objectives, a strategy comprising two approaches was used. Firstly, a theoretical review was undertaken, to discuss both international and African debate on informal land markets models with regard to different views on Mozambican informal land markets. This theoretical review also covered the political economy of land in Mozambique. Secondly, empirical evidence was systematized in the form of a case study of the perceptions of determinants on informal land markets that was undertaken in Mogovolas district. The lack of clear policy regarding the informal land market in Mozambique produced a complex range of problems, between local people, between locals and new investors, between new investors, and between all these groups and the state. The large majority of smaller localised conflicts were, and continue to be, resolved by traditional authorities and local social-control mechanisms. Conflicts between local people and investors have proved much more complex. The role of the state has been unclear from the start and the state is still dysfunctional due to a lack of transparency, inefficiency, and corruption in management of land.</p> / South Africa

第一章共分二節：本章闡明研究動機、研究目的及研究方法。 第二章共分六節：本章闡明住宅建設的目標、住宅市場之特性、影響住宅供需因素之 分析、台灣地區住宅問題發生之背景、住宅供需失調之影響、台北縣住宅問題之概況 。 第三章共分九節：本章闡明國宅調查分析，包括台北縣家庭狀況、住宅狀況、居住水 準、居民改善計畫、願意承購、承租國宅之意願及居民住宅財務分析。 第四章共分五節：包括住宅需求之分類、台北縣住宅之人口需求估計，台北縣住宅之 有效需求分析、台北縣住宅供給之分析、台北縣住宅價格及居住費用負擔能力之推計 。 第五章共分二節：包括前項調查之總結及今後國宅政策之建議。

第一章：緒論。說明本文研究動機、目的、內容、方法、步驟以及有關名詞的界定與 文獻回顧。 第二章：自然環境與社會經濟概況及其問題。說明研究對象地區的發展背景、自然環 境，分析人口與產業結構，以及實質發展現況，探討限制發展的影響因素。 第三章：土地利用現況與資源潛力分析。調查各類土地之利用現況，瞭解問題所在， 進而探討各種產業資源之發展潛力。 第四章：促進發展之規劃設計。就前兩章之分析結果，配合相關計畫與居民意願，提 出發展構想與應有之配合措配。 第五章：結論與建議。提出本文研究結果與建議。

研究目的為瞭解非都市土地使用編定對地價變動之影響，將調查結果加以分析，以印 證一般分區管制對地價變動影響之理論，同時以台北縣之個案研究，推論台灣地區實 施非都市土地使用編定管制對地價之影響，兼就地價變動情形檢討非都市土地使用編 定管制之問題，最後嘗試提出問題之對策。 第一章 緒 論 第一節 研究動機與研究目的 第二節 研究範圍與研究方法 第二章 台北縣實施非都市土地使用管制之背景 第一節 台北縣之發展概況 第二節 台北縣非都市土地使用之問題 第三節 台北縣非都市土地使用問題產生之原因 第四節 土地使用管制之意義、性質與方法 第五節 台北縣非都市土地實施區域計劃以前的管制情形 第六節 台北縣非都市土地依照區域計劃實施管制之方法 第七節 台北縣非都市土地使用分區及編定管制概況 第三章 台北縣實施非都市土地使用管制地價變動的實證分析 第一節 地價變動因素之分析 第二節 台北縣非都市土地規定地價之方法與概況 第三節 台北縣非都市土地實施編定管制前地價變動情形 第四節 台北縣非都市土地實施編定管制後地價變動情形 第五節 地價變動之分析比較 第四章 非都市土地使用分區管制對地價變動之影響 第一節 土地之使用、收益規劃使用對地價變動之影響 第二節 非都市土地使用編定管制對地價之影響程度 第五章 結 論 第一節 非都市土地使用編定管制造成土地之損益應採行適當之對策 第二節 計劃與管制應產生誘導土地發展指引土地利用之功能 第三節 建 議

一、問題緣起、動機： 現金的農業部門出現許多農業發展的瓶頸，例如勞動成本高，規模不經濟而導致農業 所得偏低。部分學者專家認為提高農業所得的有效方法是減少農民轉業。為此便需要 了解目前的地主、佃農對於耕地收入的依賴性。 二、操作性定義： 對地主而言依賴程度＝出租地租金收入/總收入 對佃農而言依賴程度＝承租地產出收入/總收入 對出（承）租地的自由度＝１－依賴程度 三、研究目的： １．地主（佃農）人口統計變數與其依賴度之關係。 ２．地主（佃農）耕地規模變數與其依賴度之關係。 ３．地主（佃農）住屋狀況變數與其依賴度之關係。 ４．地主（佃農）其機器設備變數與其依賴度之關係。 ５．地主（佃農）依賴度對處理出（承）租地之意願。 四、研究方法： 本論文之研究工具為問卷調查與分析，樣本戶數五二０分遍及全省各縣市五四個鄉鎮 。其中地主一０四分、佃農四一六分。至於本研究所採用的分析工具包括，百分比， ’ANOVA’ Gross Tables。 五、研究內容： 本文共分五章，其內容如下概述： 第一章 緒 論 第二章 文獻回顧與理論基礎 第三章 地主對出租耕地依賴程度及其相關因素之研究 第四章 佃農對承租耕地依賴程度及其相關因素之研究 第五章 結論與建議 六、繼續研究的課題

台北市平地少而周圍多山坡地，在都市發展過程中乃逐漸感受開發山坡地作為居住用 途的壓力。本研究自理論與實證研究中，探討台北市今後在都市土地政策、山坡地開 發利用之條件與標準、開發管理之內涵與程序，以及設施之維護責屬等方面，研擬合 理可行的策略。本研究之方法，在理論上基於保護環境與公共福利之確認，導出合理 的開發管理之程序與內涵；在實證方面，則進行居民問卷調查與專家學者意見調查， 以研析當前之課題，進而研討評估各項開發管理策略，期能臻於合理而可行。

各章之內容，玆扼要說明如次： 第一章緒論，闡明研究目的，範圍及研究程序。 第二章說明我國現行土地登記制度之特點，並分析現行登記作業之流程與業務量成長 之趨勢，以檢討現行登記作業問題癥結之所在。 第三章從費用成本，作業時效與設計技術等方面，分析登記作業電腦化之可行性。 第四章乃試擬登記作業電腦化之方法和資料庫之模式，並評估其系統建立後之效益。 第五章說明登記作業電腦化時，有關人力、設施，法令及作業轉換等應如何配合。 第六章結論，乃根據上述研究結果，檢討尚待研究之未來方向。