Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laez Barbosa Fonseca.pdf: 917553 bytes, checksum: 1bbac41b066dc7acbe129971ffc3f860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-19 / Our reflection starts on the finding that school education is suffering a moment of tension and crisis. The origin and the explanation for this phenomenon can be found in the coexistence, in the school environment of two paradigms, both opposite and divergent: one from the unity and the one from multiplicity, each one with its own features built in distinguished cultural moments. The former in the Modern Age and the latter in the Post-Modern Age. Based on an anthropological understanding which finds the human being constituted by desire and pursuit, at the same time, from the unity and the from multiplicity, we propose a dialectical method as a tool for the understanding, the approach and the overcoming of the two antagonistic paradigms surpassing the harmful aspects and keeping the achievements of each one for the educational practice. Then, we present some discussions starting from the dialectic, seeking a synthesis between the unity and the multiplicity. At the end of the study, we investigate some aspects of the Ignatian Pedagogy - a pedagogical purpose of the Jesuit education - demonstrating, from its documents and its educational tradition, as it is itself, dialectically, facing, and overcoming of the mentioned tensions and the dynamic feature of the crisis in school education / A presente dissertação tem como ponto de partida a constatação de que a educação escolar vive um momento de tensão e crise. A origem e a explicação desse fenômeno encontram-se na coexistência, no ambiente escolar, de dois paradigmas, opostos e divergentes: o da unidade, e o da multiplicidade, com suas características próprias, tecidos em cenários culturais distintos. O primeiro, na Modernidade; o segundo, na Pós-modernidade. Partindo de uma compreensão antropológica que entende o ser humano como constituído pelo desejo e busca, ao mesmo tempo, de unidade e de multiplicidade, propomos o método dialético, como ferramenta, para a análise dos dois paradigmas, superando os aspectos nocivos e conservando as conquistas de cada um deles para a prática educativa. Em seguida, apresentamos algumas reflexões, a partir da dialética, buscando nelas a síntese entre unidade e multiplicidade. Ao término do trabalho, investigamos alguns aspectos da Pedagogia Inaciana - proposta pedagógica da educação jesuíta - demonstrando, a partir de seus documentos e da sua tradição educativa, como ela procede, dialeticamente, no enfrentamento, encaminhamento e superação das tensões e da crise, características do dinamismo presente na educação escolar

Investiga-se aqui a formação de um autêntico pensamento contemporâneo na América, tendo como eixo o conjunto da obra político-historiográfica e filosófica desenvolvida pelos marxistas Caio Prado Júnior e José Carlos Mariátegui, a partir das primeiras décadas do século XX. Apresenta-se inicialmente um panorama histórico de sua formação intelectual e militância, para então se explanar os traços característicos de suas originais interpretações relativas à questão nacional. Em seguida, verifica-se as convergências e dissonâncias entre as concepções de ambos sobre a história e a política, bem como acerca da filosofia da práxis ressaltando as importantes contribuições dos pensadores à metodologia dialética e à própria ontologia totalizante do marxismo. Para tanto, examina-se vários de seus trabalhos (em distintos campos do saber), expondo-se suas principais proposições científicas e polêmicas intelectuais-revolucionárias, com o intuito de mostrar como suas criativas análises histórico-dialéticas com que confrontam o eurocentrismo cultural e epistêmico então hegemônico alicerçam seus posteriores aportes também no âmbito universal da filosofia começada por Marx, cujo princípio central é a práxis. Colocando-se do ponto de vista da totalidade, tal postura existencial, teórica e prática, entende a objetividade e a subjetividade como inerentes aspectos fundamentais no processo de emancipação humana e construção de uma nova sociedade em que o Homem possa se realizar em sua plenitude. Propõe-se por fim reflexão sobre a atualidade e urgência da realização da teoria marxista, em um contexto de crise civilizacional (econômica, cultural e mesmo ambiental) que se renova e agrava. / This thesis investigates the formation of an authentic contemporary way of thinking in America, axised at the whole of political-historiographical and philosophical work developed by Marxists Caio Prado Júnior and José Carlos Mariátegui, as from the first decades of the twentieth century. It initially presents a historical overview of the authors\' intellectual formation and militancy and then explains the characteristic features of their original interpretations related to the national issue. Furthermore, it analyzes the convergences and dissonances between the conceptions of both authors on history and politics, as well as on philosophy of praxis highlighting the important contributions of them to Marxism\'s dialectic methodology and totalizing ontology itself. In order to do so, the thesis examines several of their works (in different fields of knowledge), disclosing their main scientific propositions and intellectual-revolutionary controversies, in order to expose how their historical and dialectical creative interpretations whose which they confront the cultural and epistemic Eurocentrism, hegemonic at the time underpin their posterior contributions also at the universal ambit of philosophy begun by Marx, whose central principle is the praxis. Placing ourselves from the point of view of the totality, such existential posture, theoretical and practical, assumes objectivity and subjectivity as inherent fundamental aspects of the process of human emancipation and construction of a new society in which Man can be realized to its fullness. It is finally proposed a reflection on the actuality and urgent realization of Marxist theory in the context of civilizational crisis (economic, cultural and even environmental) that renews and aggravates itself.

De Lima Barreto a Ferréz, surge e se consolida no país uma linhagem literária que faz frente aos valores estéticos que regem a formação da literatura brasileira. Suas formas artísticas coincidem com as formas sociais do trabalho e estão circunscritas ao universo do favor, do assalariamento e do trabalho precarizado. Diante desse quadro, não fica difícil imaginar a intersecção que anima suas formas literárias calcadas em um estilo de classe e em uma determinada situação ficcional. A investigação da natureza política dessa nova linhagem literária que propõe uma formalização das relações de classe no Brasil é também a mesma que pretende verificar se o sistema literário proposto por Antônio Cândido diz respeito às novas configurações culturais que surgem pelas periferias brasileiras. Sabe-se que o princípio mediador entre obra literária e sociedade se dá através da forma, em que a realidade é vista por meio da ficção e a ficção por meio da realidade, e que ambas fundam um pêndulo temático que pende ora para um lado, ora para outro, de modo a atingir seu teor de verdade social. Mas também podemos analisar o valor de uma obra pela tríade Literatura-História-Política, nesse caso, essa última funcionando como base do triângulo, denotando a intenção do autor. Seja qual for o ponto de partida (ainda que cada método de leitura tenha seu ponto de chegada), no meio do caminho podemos notar que existe uma íntima correspondência entre a realidade objetiva e a figurada, em que uma tenciona a outra, e o mundo pode ser visto através da literatura e a literatura através do mundo. Se o tema das obras em estudo passa necessariamente pelas feições da barbárie que atravessam a miséria e a violência dos contos estudados, o projeto tem importância na medida em coloca para exame a forma das obras de Lima Barreto, João Antônio e Ferréz, a formação do público que lê essas obras e por ele é influenciado, dando continuidade a esse tipo de literatura, bem como a relação entre forma e formação constituindo um sistema cultural articulado que se convencionou chamar de literatura marginal. / From author Lima Barreto to Ferréz, a literary lineage emerges and is consolidating in the Country confronting the aesthetic values that governed the formation of Brazilian literature. Its artistic forms reflect the social forms of labor and are enveloped by a context of the favor culture, of wage labor and of precarious work conditions. Given this situation, it is not difficult to imagine the intersection that animates its literary forms modeled on a class aspect and on a particular fictional situation. The investigation of the political nature of this new literary lineage that proposes a formalization of the class relations in Brazil also aims to verify if the literary system proposed by Antonio Candido really applies to the new cultural configurations which rise in the Brazilian poor areas. It is well known that what mediates the relations between literary work and society arises via the form, in which reality is seen through fiction and fiction through reality, both creating a theme pendulum that hangs sometimes to one side, sometimes to another in order to achieve its content of social truth. But we can also analyze the value of a work by the triad Literature-History-Politics, in this case, the latter serving as the base of the triangle, revealing the author\'s intention. Whatever the starting point (although each reading method has its own conclusions), in the middle of the way we can note that there is a close relation between objective reality and literary reality, in which one influences the other, and the world can be seen through literature and vice-versa. If the theme of the works under consideration necessarily includes the features of barbarism of the poverty and violence in the stories studied, the studys importance is in the examination of the form of Lima Barretos, João Antônios and Ferrézs works, of the formation of the readers of those works that are by them influenced, following up this kind of literature, and of the relationship between form and formation that constitutes an articulated cultural system known as marginal literature.

En dépit du rôle croissant concédé aux volontés individuelles en droit des personneset de la famille, les phénomènes de volonté saisis par cette branche du droit pâtissent d’uneconstruction juridique lacunaire. Les liens avec la théorie de l’acte juridique sont peuexplorés ou n’apparaissent qu’ à travers le prisme déformant de l’approche institutionnelleet légaliste qui est généralement adoptée.En rupture avec le mythe de l’autonomie du droit des personnes et de la famille, cettethèse entend démontrer l’apport de cette branche du droit à la théorie générale de l’actejuridique.Il est possible de dépasser les spécificités apparentes des phénomènes de volontérencontrés en recourant à une théorie moderne de l’acte juridique. Fondée sur un principede causalité décrivant le lien permanent entre les volontés et des données objectives,façonnée par un ensemble de « techniques », la théorie générale peut être tantôtperfectionnée, tantôt enrichie, sous l’influence du droit des personnes et de la famille.De tout ceci, il résulte que le droit commun des contrats a vocation à s’appliquer, aumoins subsidiairement, dans le cadre des techniques « initiales », analogues à cellesconsacrées par la théorie du contrat. Quant aux techniques « intégrées » qui révèlent lesréelles originalités de l’acte juridique personnel ou familial, elles ne dérogent pas à lathéorie générale et sont même susceptibles de tirer profit de la transversalité de cettedernière. En tout cas, se dessine un droit spécialisé de l’acte juridique qui mériterait d’êtreconçu comme tel aussi bien par la doctrine que par les praticiens. / Despite the increasing role granted to individual intent in the law of personsand family, the phenomena of intent as grasped by this body of law suffer from a deficientlegal construct. The links with the theory of the legal act are little explored or emerge onlythrough the distorting prism of the institutional and legalistic approach which is generallyadopted.Breaking with the myth of the autonomy of the law of persons and family, this thesiswill seek to demonstrate the contribution made by this branch of law to the general theoryof the legal act.It is possible to go beyond the apparent specificity of the phenomena of intent byusing a modern theory of the legal act. Based on a principle of causality describing thepermanent link between intent and objective data, shaped by a set of "techniques", thegeneral theory is sometimes improved, sometimes enhanced under the influence of the lawof persons and family.From all this, it follows that the common law of contract is intended to apply, atleast alternatively, in the context of “initial” techniques, similar to those enshrined in thetheory of contract. As for "integrated" techniques, which show the real distinctiveness of thepersonal or family legal act, they do not derogate from the general theory and are evenlikely to benefit from its transversality. In any case, a specialised law emerges from thelegal act that ought to be conceived as such both by doctrine and practitioners.

Esta pesquisa debruça-se no meu processo de criação atoral no espetáculo Os filhos da Dita, do Núcleo Arlequins da Cooperativa Paulista de Teatro, tendo como base teórico/prática principal o treinamento psicofísico proposto pelo encenador-pedagogo Vsévolod Meyerhold, buscando sublinhar as demandas e possibilidades de uma postura política consequente em cena. A partir das relações estabelecidas desde a escolha do tema, o desenvolvimento da dramaturgia e posterior criação cênica propriamente dita, busco descrever os estímulos e motivações que me conduziram na criação cênica em diálogo com a estética desenvolvida pela companhia há 25 anos, e o posterior contato estabelecido com o espectador. / This research lies on my acting creative process in the play called Os filhos da Dita, of Arlequins (Theatre group that belongs to the Cooperativa Paulista de Teatro), having as main theoretical/practical basis the psycho physical training proposed by pedagogue-director Vsévolod Meyerhold, aiming at underling the demands and possibilities of a consequent political posture on stage. Based on the relationships established with various artists involved in a creative process from choosing the play theme, dramaturgy development and following scenic creation, I describe the stimulus and motives that led me in the scenic creation. The procedures are developed in open dialogue with the esthetics held by the group in the last 25 years, and subsequent contact established with the audience.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Victor Vicente Barau.pdf: 1224672 bytes, checksum: f8cfa21eea269f82d6af487c89b1a818 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-01 / The dynamics, the antagonisms and contradictions inside the capitalist mode of production impact the capitalist form of sociability due to the crisis arising from the capitalist economic laws, especially in concerning of the tendency of falling rate of profit law. From a rereading of the theory critic of value, the debate proposed in this dissertation seeks to discusse and meditate about the mediations in which, directly or indirectly, consciously or unconsciously, affect the legal form and political form that is embodied in the Modern State, providing important elements for further discussion of current marixist´s theories of regulation and derivation of political form and legal form. / A dinâmica, os antagonismos e as contradições do modo de produção do capital impactam a forma de sociabilidade capitalista pelas crises cíclicas e estruturais decorrentes das leis econômicas do capital, especialmente na lei da queda tendencial da taxa de lucro. A partir de uma releitura da teoria crítica do valor, o debate proposto na presente dissertação busca discutir e refletir sobre as mediações que, direta ou indiretamente, consciente ou inconscientemente, afetam à forma jurídica do Direito e a forma política que se materializa no Estado moderno, fornecendo elementos importantes para futuros debates das atuais teorias marxistas da regulação e da derivação da forma política e da forma jurídica.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-03T19:02:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Maria de Lourdes Ferraz Heleodoro.pdf: 2348920 bytes, checksum: 9f9b539401e282d82a8a6510055eac7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T19:02:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Maria de Lourdes Ferraz Heleodoro.pdf: 2348920 bytes, checksum: 9f9b539401e282d82a8a6510055eac7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-15 / The research aims to identify the health effects perceived by the population benefited from the Popular Pharmacy Model I Program, located in the Baixada Fluminense region at Rio de Janeiro State, city of Nova Igua?u. The theoretical scope is based on Minayo, Milton Santos, Zaoual, Langdon and Wiik, Castoriadis, among others, in consideration that health should be understood and treated in of a social, culture, symbolic dimension, taking into account the effects that the territorial environment plays in their narratives about life and health. The study turns also to the historical-critical examination of public policies, particularly health policies, with contributions from Farah, Fadul and Souza, Viana and Baptista Marques, Arretche, Secchi, Fonseca, Fleury and Ouverney , Hochman, among others. Discuss the impact of new public management reflected in health policies observed in the critical perspective that considers health policy and social policy, on the border of the various forms of social protection, which vision is to understand health as a right. To give enterprise account is employed hermeneutic-dialectic qualitative methodology proposed by Minayo (2014), based on the ideas of Schleiermacher (1999) and Gadamer (1999). The reports obtained through the twelve interviews with men and women, conducted through semi-structured script, point to the full acceptance from the point of view of the program of access to medicines. Most treatments are established and followed up at the local health care centers, next to the user's residence. In some cases, treatments and laboratory tests are carried out in other health care units, either public or private. Important to note the comment and care that this individuals have with food, medical care, the times when you should take the medicines and even concern for physical activity. Finally, consider that the care of health is closely linked to the care of the spirit. Respondents express their understanding about health as a force of representation, involving youth, vitality, willingness to work, movement, social interaction, physical emotional and spiritual well-being. Conversely, the idea of disease is related to paralysis, to old age, dependence, sadness and loneliness. The study provides relevant information to improve practices related to health management actions, resulting from the development of public health policies. / A pesquisa se prop?e a identificar os efeitos na sa?de percebidos pela popula??o beneficiada pelo programa Farm?cia Popular Modelo I, localizada na Baixada Fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Munic?pio de Nova Igua?u. O escopo te?rico tem base em Minayo, Milton Santos, Zaoual, Langdon e Wiik, Castoriadis, entre outros, na considera??o de que a sa?de deve ser entendida e tratada na dimens?o do social, da cultura, do simb?lico, levando-se em conta os efeitos que o ambiente territorial desempenha em suas narrativas sobre a vida e a sa?de. O estudo volta-se, tamb?m, para o exame hist?rico-cr?tico das pol?ticas p?blicas, em especial as pol?ticas de sa?de, com as contribui??es de Farah, Fadul e Souza, Viana e Baptista, Marques, Arretche, Secchi, Fonseca, Fleury e Ouverney, Hochman, entre outros. Discutem-se os impactos da nova gest?o p?blica refletidos nas pol?ticas de sa?de, observados na perspectiva cr?tica que considera as pol?ticas de sa?de como pol?ticas sociais, na fronteira das diversas formas de prote??o social, cuja vis?o ? entender a sa?de como um direito. Para dar conta do empreendimento emprega-se metodologia qualitativa hermen?utico-dial?tica, proposta por Minayo (2014), apoiada nas ideias de Schleiermacher (1999) e Gadamer (1999). Os relatos obtidos atrav?s das doze entrevistas realizadas com homens e mulheres, conduzidas por meio de roteiro semiestruturado, apontam a plena aceita??o do Programa do ponto de vista do acesso aos medicamentos. Em sua grande maioria os tratamentos s?o estabelecidos e acompanhados no posto de sa?de local, pr?ximo ? resid?ncia do usu?rio. Em alguns casos, os tratamentos e exames laboratoriais s?o realizados em outros servi?os de sa?de municipais, estaduais e mesmo particulares. Chama a aten??o o cuidado com que conduz a alimenta??o, o acompanhamento m?dico, os hor?rios em que deve tomar os medicamentos e at? a preocupa??o com a atividade f?sica. Finalmente, consideram que o cuidado com a sa?de est? intimamente vinculado ao cuidado do esp?rito. Os entrevistados manifestam o seu entendimento quanto a sa?de como uma representa??o de for?a, envolvendo juventude, vitalidade, disposi??o para o trabalho, movimento, conv?vio social, bem-estar f?sico emocional e espiritual. Inversamente, a ideia de doen?a ? relacionada ? paralisia, ? velhice, ? depend?ncia, ? tristeza e ? solid?o. O estudo proporciona indica??es relevantes para a melhoria das pr?ticas relacionadas ?s a??es de gest?o da sa?de, resultantes da elabora??o de pol?ticas p?blicas de sa?de.

How does material production become socially recognised in capitalism? This is a fundamental question to be addressed in capitalist production, since material production takes place privately and independently in a global and atomistic system. This thesis shows that the question is tackled by Marx in the first three chapters of Capital. The process of social recognition of material production is that of the realisation of work carried out privately and independently as part of the social labour. For Marx this occurs through the private and independent work becoming objective social labour as the substance of the value of commodities, and through the latter finding its necessary developed mercantile expression in the price form of commodities. Therefore, private and independent work becomes social labour through the recognition of its product as equivalent to a certain amount of money. The thesis argues that Marx's answer is powerfully insightful but flawed because it did not succeed in fully characterising the historical specificity of commodity. Commodity is not merely the differentiated unity of use value and value but of use value and mercantile use value, and of labour value and mercantile value. The former dialectic is immediate and distinguishes between the utility of commodity as a direct means of consumption or production and that as a means of exchange, fully determining the behaviour of the private and independent commodity producer. The latter dialectic is objective and distinguishes between commodity as the embodiment of the social labour necessary to reproduce it and as the embodiment of command over social labour, enabling the adjustment of the productive structure. Both dialectics are mediated by the mercantile form of value, which allows the indirect expression of labour value as the gravitational force of the system. The theory of commodity offered in this thesis, unlike that of Marx, consistently hinges on the atomistic private and independent commodity producer. The thesis shows that commodity production is the organisation of society's labour for its material reproduction, just as in any previous mode of production. The discovery of the generic aspect of commodity production breaks the false immediate link between production and supply, and that between the labour theory of value and both the supply-side-determined theory of price and the single-factor theory of production. The thesis also shows that the mercantile form of value is what allows society's labour to become an objective and autonomous materially abstract substance regulating the adjustment of the productive system under the form of material signals. This is the specific aspect of a global mode of production comprised of free and independent individuals. The mercantile form of value is thus Adam Smith's invisible hand. Finally, the thesis analyses some implications of the framework with regard to the analysis of monetary phenomena, capital accumulation and sustainable development, and reviews the most popular Marxian topic in Economics: the transformation of values into prices of production.

This dissertation is a study of appetite in Plato’s Timaeus, Republic and Phaedrus. In recent research is it often suggested that Plato considers appetite (i) to pertain to the essential needs of the body, (ii) to relate to a distinct set of objects, e.g. food or drink, and (iii) to cause behaviour aiming at sensory pleasure. Exploring how the notion of appetite, directly and indirectly, connects with Plato’s other purposes in these dialogues, this dissertation sets out to evaluate these ideas. By asking, and answering, three philosophically and interpretatively crucial questions, individually linked to the arguments of the dialogues, this thesis aims to show (i) that the relationship between appetite and the body is not a matter of survival, and that appetite is better understood in terms of excess; (ii) that appetite is multiform and cannot be defined in terms of a distinct set of objects; and (iii) that appetite, in Plato, can also pertain to non-sensory objects, such as articulated discourse. Chapter one asks what the universe can teach us about embodied life. It argues that Plato, in the Timaeus, works with an important link between the universe and the soul, and that the account of disorder, irrationality and multiformity identifying a pre-cosmic condition of the universe provides a key to understanding the excessive behaviour and condition of a soul dominated by appetite. Chapter two asks why the philosophers of the Republic’s Kallipolis return to the cave, and suggests that Plato’s notion of the noble lie provides a reasonable account of this. By exploring the Republic’s ideas of education, poetry and tradition, it argues that appetite – a multiform and appearance oriented source of motivation – is an essential part of this account. Chapter three asks why Socrates characterizes the speeches of the Phaedrus as deceptive games. It proposes that this question should be understood in the light of two distinctions: one between playful and serious discourse and one between simple and multiform. It argues that the speeches of the Phaedrus are multiform games, and suggests that appetite is the primary source of motivation of the soul addressed, personified by Phaedrus.

Ξεκινώντας από το θέμα του Μένωνα, χωρίζεται σε δύο μέρη. Το πρώτο μέρος είναι εμφανές ήδη από την αρχή του διαλόγου, όταν ο νεαρός Θεσσαλός θα απευθύνει το ερώτημα στον Σωκράτη αναφορικά με ποιον τρόπο αποκτάται η αρετή. Σύμφωνα με την σωκρατική τοποθέτηση, το εν λόγω ερώτημα δεν είναι δυνατόν να απαντηθεί, αν πρωτίστως δεν διατυπωθεί ο ορισμός της αρετής, οπότε τίθεται εμμέσως ως το δεύτερο μέρος της θεματολογίας. Το ότι ο Μένων έχει μαθητεύσει πλησίον του Γοργία αποτελεί έναυσμα για τον Σωκράτη, ώστε να προκαλέσει τον συνομιλητή του να ορίσει την αρετή, προφασιζόμενος τον αμνήμονα. Ο Μένων επιχειρεί να ορίσει την έννοια της αρετής τρεις φορές, χωρίς μία ορισμένη επιτυχία, εφόσον ο Σωκράτης κατορθώνει να εντοπίζει σφάλματα. Ωστόσο, ο Μένων, οδηγούμενος σε αδιέξοδο, θα διερωτηθεί: πώς είναι δυνατόν κάποιος να ερευνήσει ένα θέμα το οποίο δεν γνωρίζει, και αν το γνωρίσει πώς γνωρίζει ότι αυτό είναι αυτό που αναζητούσε (το παράδοξο του Μένωνα). Ο Σωκράτης θα απαντήσει στην απορία του επικαλούμενος την θεωρία της ανάμνησης, σύμφωνα με την οποία η γνώση είναι ανάκληση του ήδη υπάρχοντος, έχοντας αναντιλέκτως προϋποθέσει την αθανασία της ψυχής. Μάλιστα θα προχωρήσει και σε απόδειξη της εν λόγω εκδοχής, προβαίνοντας σε ένα μαθηματικό πείραμα με έναν από τους δούλους του Μένωνα. Η θεωρητική παράμετρος που θα αποκομίσουν από την διαδικασία του πειράματος είναι η αξία της έρευνας, όταν σκοπός είναι η προσέγγιση της αλήθειας, όπου απαιτείται μάλιστα και η αποδοχή της άγνοιάς μας. Σε μια αντίστοιχη έρευνα έγκειται και ο φιλοσοφικός προσδιορισμός που επιδιώκει ο Σωκράτης και θα παρακινήσει τον Μένωνα να ερευνήσουν από κοινού για την αρετή. Αυτή τη φορά θα ακολουθήσουν την υποθετική μέθοδο μέσω της οποίας θα εξετάσουν με ποιον τρόπο αποκτάται η αρετή, εφόσον δεν κατόρθωσαν προηγουμένως στην συζήτησή τους να διατυπώσουν έναν επαρκή ορισμό.Η αρετή δεν είναι έμφυτη. Διαφορετικά, θα έπρεπε να διαφυλάττονται οι νέοι που γεννώνται ενάρετοι προκειμένου να μην διαφθαρούν. Η αρετή δεν είναι ούτε διδακτή, εφόσον, έπειτα από διάλογο που παρεμβάλλεται με τον Άνυτο, διαπιστώνουν ότι ούτε οι σοφιστές είναι οι αρμόδιοι δάσκαλοι ούτε και οι πολιτικοί κατόρθωσαν να μεταδώσουν στα τέκνα τους την αρετή. Άρα, ένα πρώτο συμπέρασμα στο οποίο οδηγούνται είναι ότι η αρετή δεν διδάσκεται. Όμως, πώς εξηγείται η διαπίστωση ότι υπάρχουν άνθρωποι που προβαίνουν σε ενάρετες πράξεις; Σε αυτό το σημείο ο Σωκράτης οδηγείται στην εκτίμηση ότι μία παράμετρος τους έχει διαφύγει της ερευνητικής προσοχής. Επαναπροσδιορίζουν τα όσα έχουν συζητηθεί και τελικώς εναποθέτουν τον ενάρετο χαρακτήρα των ανθρώπων στην εκ θεού αποκτηθείσα ορθή γνώμη, εισάγοντας με αυτόν τον τρόπο την διάκριση από την επιστήμη. Ωστόσο, ο διάλογος καταλήγει σε απορία, καθώς δεν διατυπώνεται ένας επαρκής ορισμός για την αρετή. / The main question of platonic dialogue Meno is distinct in two topics. The first one is manifested by the beginning of the dialogue, when younger Thessalian asks Socrates for the way that virtue is acquired. According to Socratic account, this question is impossible to be answered because it is required the formulation of determination of what the virtue is. That is the second topic of this dialogue that is mentioned indirectly. The fact that Meno was student of Gorgias is a Socrates' motivation to challenge his interlocutor to determine the notion of virtue, pretended his ignorance. Meno tries to determine the notion of virtue three times, without successful, since Socrates identifies many errors. However, Meno having reached deadlock wonders himself how someone can investigate something that he does not know it, and by extension if he know it how he can know that this is what he searched about (Meno's paradox). Socrates answers to that paradox with the theory of recollection, having presupposed the immortality of soul. Indeed, he proceed in the evidence of that theory by doing a geometrical experiment with one of Meno's slaves. What they reap from this experiment is the value of researching, for which is required the acceptance of our ignorance. The aim is to approach the Truth. In a similar way lies the philosophical determination that Socrates seeks and he prompts Meno to search about virtue together. In this point they follow the hypothetical method through which they search the way of acquiring the vitrue, since they did not succeed to give a sufficient definition.Areti is not inherent. Otherwise, young guys born virtuous should have been preserved in order not to be corrupted. Areti is not teachable. After the intervening dialogue with Anitos, they result to the fact that neither Sophists nor politicians are appropriate teachers and they are not able to teach the virtue to their children. Therefore, a first conclusion they lied to is that virtue is not teachable. But, how can someone explain the fact that there are people doing virtuous actions? Thus, at this point Socrates realizes that something is missed. They redefine their words and at the end they attribute the virtuous element of people in the orthi gnomi given by god. By this account they introduce the distinction between opinion and science. However, this dialogue result in query because an adequate definition about virtue is not formulated.