Målsättningen är att Luleå kommun ska ha 100 000 nya invånare år 2040, varav 78 500 invånare bor i staden. Visionerna för framtiden är en stad som växer och utvecklas med fler bostäder som byggs i stadsbygden och på landsbygden. Syftet med undersökningen är hur ska det bli möjligt med fler bostäder i bygden/byn Avan, hur tänker invånarna kring att bo i lägenheter i framtiden. Bostadsrätter är det som de äldre föredrar i undersökningen. Vilket öppnar upp för nya möjligheter till att villor blir tillgängliga till yngre och barnfamiljer samt för kooperativa gemenskapsboenden genom att invånarna är villiga att göra investeringar med egna pengar. Målet är ett klimatsmartboende med lägenheter i olika storlekar som bygger på hållbart och återbrukat byggmaterial med minskade koldioxidutsläpp inför år 2045 har Sverige ett klimatmål med att inte ha några nettoutsläpp i atmosfären. När man har jämfört olika material på platta på mark som visar att klimatvänlig betong har lägre koldioxidutsläpp i miljön på 45 kg mot Koljern/Hasopor har 55 kg. KL-trä är ett material som används som bjälklag, väggar och tak och har en lägre klimatpåverkan på miljön eftersom materialet binder koldioxid under hela sin livstid. Cellosa är ett av de material för isolering som visar lägre koldioxidutsläpp jämfört mot cellplast, mineralull, stenull. Studien visar att elanvändning via solenergi och vätgas visar att det är möjligt att använda i Norrbotten för uppvärmning av villa och varför inte använda det för uppvärmning av lägenheter.

Studien utforskar strukturell form, massivträ som byggmaterial, samt olika konstruktiva lösningar för en massivträbebyggelse av urbana flerbostadshus i form av kranhus. En byggnadstypologi som kännetecknas av ett markant överhäng. Utvecklings- och designprojektet tar avstamp i ett bebyggelsekoncept skapat av 2april AB tillsammans med en hållbar hamnurbanisering tillhörande Luleå kommuns stadsutveckling (Vision Luleå 2050) En kvalitativ strategi har använts vid val, utförande och nyttjandet av metoder i en iterativ designprocess. Metoder: Litteraturstudie, visuell metodik och intervjuer. / The study explores structural form, solid wood as a building material and various structural solutions for a solid wood development of urban apartment buildings in the shape of crane houses. A building typology which is characterized by its pronounced cantilever. The development and design project takes its starting point in a building concept created by 2 April Ltd. together with a sustainable port urbanization associated Luleå municipality’s development vision (Vision Luleå 2050). A qualitative strategy has been used in the selection, execution, and use of methods in an iterative design process. Methods: Literature study, visual methodology and interviews. Keywords: Crane house, Solid wood, Structure, Cantilever, Port urbanization, Vision Luleå 2050.

No / FP7

Due to the global warming and climate change, an increased frequency of high intensity rains and other disasters are expected all around the world. To predict this change in climate the IPCC has created a set of climate scenarios, RCPs, that will try to predict the future climate based on how much we are able to adapt and mitigate the effects we as a species have on the environment. This master thesis will seek to explore the possibility to use urban planning tools to help mitigate the increased effects and sizes of floods due to the global warming. To achieve this, a case study of Luleå is done, where urban indicators are used to improve the resilience of the city. This is combined with a policy study to see how Luleå compare to other cities in their policies that affect flood protection and mitigation. To have a strong flood protection system in a city several factors need to be considered. One of the biggest factors is what type of strategy is chosen. One possible strategy is resilience, this combines seeming paradoxes into a working flood protection and mitigation plan. Resilience improves the flood protection and mitigation by combining and improving the robustness, adaptability, and transformability of the city. This is done by, among other things promoting inter disciplinary cooperation, public cooperation and knowledge of flooding, and promoting the use of water in the city as an asset. Blue and green infrastructure could also be implemented into the city as these measures help improve the resilience of a city in many regards. Not just for flood protection, but it can also help mitigate the effects of droughts or heatwaves and improve the general wellbeing of the citizens. In the policy study it was found that different cities varied in both scale and strategy in their flood protection measures. All the cities that were looked at would also need to increase the scale of their protection and mitigation measures to mitigate the increased size and frequencies that the climate change brings. In Sweden, especially in the northern parts, the increased risk is not as high as in other parts of Europe. This is due to the land rise in Sweden mitigating the sea level rise. In Luleå the sea level and land rise are expected to fully mitigate each other until the year 2100. The policy study also showed that a history of flood related disasters did not necessary guarantee a strong flood protection scheme, but it would increase the probability of one. In the case of Luleå, the city has mostly focused on flood proofing buildings and infrastructure in the high-risk areas or those who are seen as critical to the society. Based on the analysis of the policies and indicators that were developed for Luleå, the city seems to have good protection from the current risks, such as a 100-year flood, flow, or rain. But the systems in place will most likely need to be expanded and developed further to mitigate the rising risk due to global warming. Some measures that can be implemented are related to the adaptability and transformability, like brochures that teaches the public about flood-protection and what to do and how to act in case of a large flood in the city.

The present study deals with the encounter between the diocese of Luleå and the process of modernising. The main issue is individualism as a part of modern man’s identity. What kind of individualism was it, and how did it find expression in the diocese’s perspective on faith during the first half of the 20th century? A leading idea in the thesis is that the low church profile provided the diocese with a particular readiness to meet the demands of modern culture. The starting-point of the study is Philosopher Charles Taylor’s theory on the rise of modernity’s concept of freedom and perception of the self, which includes a justification of a positive side of modern individualism and a corresponding dismissal of a negative side. This attitude opens the door for the possibility of doing greater justice to the low church emphasis on the individual person. Taylor asks, from his moral-philosophical point of view, as well as the diocese of Luleå did, whether the Christian faith would have any future in modern culture. The low church view on faith becomes dynamic-extential as it dismisses a traditional metaphysical or theoretical explanation of God as a transcendent reality. Instead the subject is given vital importance. This apprehension reflects an influence from expressivism as a new form of consciousness, in protest against the science of the 17th that separated reason from both nature and feelings. This was inherent in the diocese via pietism. However, not an outspoken anthropology, the diocese nevertheless indicates that it considers man a linguistic and self-interpreting creature. This amounts to a more suitable view on the belief in modern culture, which no longer can rely on a commonly accepted belief in an inherent order of the world as an expression of God’s intentions and will. / digitalisering@umu

The public relations business has grown from almost nothing to a large international industry the last decades. Throughout the history the industry has struggled with a lot of critique and public relations has become a negative symbol for manipulation of information. Because of this negative view of the industry and the medial change taking place, the purpose of this study is to investigate how two different generations think about public relations. More accurate, the study will through a qualitative interview study explore how young people from a highschool in Luleå and elder people from Luleå township thinks about pubic relations, and most imortant why they have this particular view. By creating four focus groups, two with men and two with women, this also enables a comparative study between the gender.   The focus groups were later analyzed and compared to two selected groups of theories on public relations, the theories were positive and critical theories compound in two categories. Critical theories was Habermas on the public sphere (2003), Weaver, Motion och Roper on democratic issues (2006), Jahansoozi on trancparency and dialogue (2006) and Davis also on democratic issues (2007). The positive or normative theories was Grunig (1992) and Cutlip (2000) on a over all positive perspective. In the study all the focus groups tended to, more or less, have a critical view on public relations. The elder men were by far most critical and argued abour risks, problems and public relations as a tool for lying. On the other hand the younger men were the most liberal and positive to public relations, meaning that along with the risks, public relations creates a lot of good opportunities such as publicity and attention. The other two focus groups with women were somewhere in between. The younger women were, as the younger men, a lot more positive than the elder ones.

A soil profile was taken close to Skellefteå in Västerbotten, northern Sweden. The profile has an upper oxidised zone, 30 cm thick, underlain by a transitions zone, in this paper called accumulation zone, and a reduced zone at 160 cm depth. pH was measured in the field and samples from all zones were analysed for major and trace elements by ICP-SFMS. A batch test was performed on samples from the three zones. Optical microscopy and SEM were used to study mineralogy, focusing on the occurrence of framboidal pyrite. The results were compared with those of profiles in the Luleåarea further north, studied earlier. The results clearly show that the sampled soil profile in the Skellefteå area is of similar types as the soils in the Luleå area. A distinct upper oxidation zone has been developed in all profiles with a strong depletion of S, due to oxidation of iron sulphides when these sediments have been exposed to atmospheric oxygen. This oxidation appears to be stronger in the Luleå profiles than in theSkellefteå profile, possibly because they have oxidised a longer time. All the Luleå profiles and theSkellefteå profiles are acid sulphate soils. There is a depletion of sulphide-associated trace elements such as Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in the oxidation zone due to the oxidation of iron sulphides with subsequent low pH and leaching. This depletion is more pronounced in the Luleå profiles than in the Skellefteå profile. There is a tendency for secondary accumulation in the accumulation zone, in the Skellefteå profile close to the groundwater table in particular. The batch test in the Skellefteå profile allowed for the observation that the highest concentrations occurred at the groundwater level. Framboidal pyrite occurs in the Skellefteå profile as well as in the Luleå profiles. In the Skellefteåprofile there is a positive correlation between organic matter, shells and framboidal pyrite, illustrating that organic matter was important for the formation of framboidal pyrite. Although most of the pyrite has been oxidized and dissolved in the oxidized zone, there was still some framboidal pyrite left, possibly protected by shells and organic matter.

This essay explores how an image can be shaped and influenced by several different interests, motives, and schools of thought. The work getting analysed is Till minnet av en älv by Anja Örn. It contains video art, sculptures, and text with a number of different frameworks and references.In the background descriptions made, concepts such as ecofeminism and Anthropocene play a role. The essay also touches upon industrial history and cultural heritage which lifts the interesting question of who's history is being written.It's about how our shared memories are shaped in relationship to the landscape, and who gets represented when these memories are transferred to the next generation.

People's engagements in social communities online have over recent years proven to be of great importance on others' opinions when purchasing products. Word-of-Mouth (WOM) has been around since ancient times and is a concept about consumers communicating with each other about their experience about services and products. Over the last decades research on Word-of-Mouth has increased when it was discovered how it has the power to influence consumers' purchase behaviours. The modern era of the introduction of the internet gave Word-of-Mouth a new concept called Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) that has given people the opportunity to share their negative and positive experiences online with others by leaving reviews. These reviews can be read by customers with access to the internet and could change their purchase intentions and therefore affect the company's sales and reputation. It has given the companies the opportunity to read about customers reviews and the chance to respond to the reviews by leaving comments online. This gave this study the opportunity to research if companies in Luleå are responding to negative reviews. As well, if the customers believe that their purchase intention is being affected by other users' reviews, and if the customers believe the companies can change the outcome of a review by responding to them.  In this study, quantitative research was used to collect data through surveys in Facebook groups with questions limited to Luleå. The questions were divided into three sections: Reading reviews, Responding to reviews, and Purchase intention. The study found that there was a relationship between the variables reading reviews, responding to reviews, and purchase intention. Previous literature has meant that people write more negative reviews when they have the ability to complain and write reviews through the Internet. However, for this study in Luleå, it was shown that this is not the case. It was found that few of the respondents gave negative reviews about the businesses in Luleå and that the businesses in Luleå did not respond to them. It was also found that respondents read reviews before buying, which affected their intention to buy, with negative reviews being more important than positive ones. People in Luleå consider negative reviews trustworthy and believe that businesses can change the outcome of negative reviews by responding to them. Therefore, it is of interest for local businesses in Luleå to review and respond to negative online reviews as they will impact their business.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka attityden mot datorspel i undervisning hos religionslärare på gymnasienivå i Luleå kommun. En enkätundersökning och en intervjuundersökning med hermeneutisk utgångspunkt ligger till grund för detta. Enkätundersökningen visade att attityden var neutral lutandes åt det negativa, medan intervjuundersökningen visade en allmänt positiv inställning till datorspel i undervisning. Denna diskrepans kunde åtminstone delvis spåras till att vissa av respondenterna på enkätundersökningen, som utgjorde underlag till intervjupersonerna, var, av någon anledning, mer positiva i intervjusituationen än när de svarade på enkäten. Den positiva inställning som intervjuundersökningen resulterade i stämde väl överens med den tidigare forskning som gjorts på lärare i Sverige. I resultatet framkom att lärarna inte var oroliga för datorspels eventuella skadliga inverkan och i vissa fall kunde de ge exempel på hur man kunde använda datorspel i undervisningen. Problem som kunde ses var kostnader och bristande kunskap på hur man skulle använda datorspel på ett givande sätt.