Detta examensarbete är en kvalitativ studie vars syfte är att beskriva och förstå hur könsfördelningen ser ut i grundskolan i musikundervisningen utifrån fyra olika musiklärares perspektiv. Studiens syfte är att undersöka genusmönster i musik undervisningen och hur lärare förhåller sig till genusmönster och om hur lärare arbetar med stereotypiska könsfördelningar. Bakgrundsavsnittet, som är baserat på tidigare forskning i form av avhandlingar, skolans läroplan och annan litteratur, framkommer det att pojkar tar mera plats i klassrummen och dras gärna mer mot trummor och gitarr medan flickor är mer försiktiga och tar det som blir över eller väljer endera sång eller piano. Enligt forskningen kunde man konstatera att instrument och sång är könskodade. I metodavsnittet presenteras det att studiens resultat är baserat på kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra musiklärare som analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys som metod. Studiens resultat visar att informanterna som arbetar som aktiva musiklärare generellt ser en skillnad på könen i form av dragning till olika instrument i högstadiet men att skillnader inte är stora i tidigare årskurser. Resultatet tar även upp hur informanterna arbetar med genus och hur de ser på skillnader och likheter i klassrummet / This thesis has been done at the department of education at Umeå university. The study’s aim is to explore and understand how the gender distribution in junior high school in music education look like from the perspective of four different music teachers. The purpose of the study is to study the awareness of stereotypical distributions in music and music education, how teachers work with stereotypical gender distributions and what development opportunities there are. The background section, which is based on previous research in the form of dissertations, the school curriculumand other litterature, shows that boys take more space in the classrooms and are more likely to be drawn to drums and guitars while girls are more cautious and take what is left or they choose either vocals or piano. In the method section it is presented that the study's results are based on qualitative interviews with four active music teachers who have been analyzed with qualitative content analysis as a method. The study's results show that the informants who work as active music teachers generally see a difference in the sex in the form of attraction to different instruments in high school, but that differences are not seen in previous grades. The result also addresses how informants work with gender awareness and how they view differences and similarities in the classroom

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the participation of cisgender collegiate men in community engagement activities. As a group, collegiate men disproportionately engage in unhealthy behaviors compared to their female counterparts. Additionally, they are less likely to participate in community engagement activities. Community engagement activities have a multitude of benefits for both male and female college students, yet national data shows that college men are more likely to play video games or sports when given the choice. This qualitative study used a narrative inquiry method and ten participants were interviewed using a semi-structured process. Several themes from the participants’ narratives emerged including 1) having an insular group that is representative of individual values; 2) commitment to service is deeply entrenched into career or life goals; 3) complex relationship between service and fraternity; and 4) importance of childhood and boyhood as it relates to identity; matriculated masculinity. The study encouraged reconsidering the definition of service and the power of student voice. This study contributes to several interwoven threads of scholarship focusing on the experiences of collegiate males, community engagement, and masculinity. Results suggest implications for higher education practitioners to more effectively support the needs of college men as well as considering new ways to engage more college men in community engagement activities.<br></p>

MGS / Institute for Gender and Youth Studies

One of the consequences of emphasizing plurality – so characteristic for current masculinity studies – is that the question of commonalities and similarities of masculinities has been neglected, and therefore the relationship between mas- culinity as a concept and its plural forms has to be rethought. One way of doing this involves conceiving of masculinity as having a largely discursive or narrative structure and focusing on the relationality and interdependency of masculinities by paying special attention to stories and genres as their paramount components. If one takes narrative to be an ontological condition of social life which exemplarily manifests itself in literature and the arts, it is precisely here that a plethora of narratives of masculinity becomes ‘visible’ in a reading process that can be conceptualized as an act of imagining and a process of transfer during which readers perpetually ‘stage’ themselves, while the performative function of narrative allows for a variety of new masculine gender identities that become available through their very conception in literature/art. Combining comparative masculinity studies with the concept of narrative paves the way for a new, more encompassing, relational and intersectional understanding, if not definition of masculinity.

La mise en œuvre de politiques néolibérales globalisantes, axées sur la gouvernance des marchés, a conduit à la délocalisation des sources d’emploi vers des centres de production spécifiques, obligeant ainsi la main-d’œuvre à s’y rapprocher. C'est le cas des paysans mexicains et guatémaltèques mobilisés année après année vers les champs et les serres du Québec par le biais du Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers (PTAS) ou du volet agricole du Programme des travailleurs étrangers temporaires (VA-PTET). Individus qui font partie d'une main-d'œuvre vulnérable et flexible, et dont les conditions d'embauche violent les droits fondamentaux et du travail en les liant à un seul employeur, les obligeant à résider dans la propriété de l'employeur et les exposant à un rapatriement prématuré. Ce projet de recherche infère que l'affectivité et l'émotivité sont des sujets de plus en plus explorés en sciences sociales, en particulier en géographie. En intégrant la dimension émotionnelle, il souligne la nécessité d’examiner les récits émotionnels des ouvriers agricoles transmigrants mexicains et guatémaltèques, en se basant sur l’utilisation idéologique possible des émotions socialisées à plusieurs échelles par les acteurs qui gèrent les programmes qui les embauchent. Il en découle que la compréhension des émotions de ces travailleurs, associée à leur participation à des conditions de travail spécifiques définies par le PTAS et le VA-PTET, peut contribuer de manière significative aux études traitant de la relation entre émotivité et migration de travail masculine. Cette démonstration consiste à analyser les politiques et pratiques étatiques du Canada, du Mexique et du Guatemala, en utilisant des émotions telles que la peur, le désespoir, l’acquiescement et la résignation comme mécanismes de contrôle social au sein du PTAS et du VA-PTET; ainsi que la satisfaction et la fierté de remplir le rôle de fournisseur principal du foyer en tant que forme unique de masculinité proposée par ces programmes. En particulier, la relation entre les émotions, la masculinité et l'expérience du manque de pouvoir (powerlessness) est élucidée. De même, par le biais de l'imbrication des récits des travailleurs, l'interaction de différentes catégories discriminatoires est clarifiée, sur la base du genre masculin, rarement utilisée dans les études migratoires existantes. Enfin, nous analysons les discours de ceux qui restent dans les communautés d'origine, des épouses des travailleurs et de certaines personnes clés, afin de rendre compte des coûts émotionnels causés par l'absence de leurs maris/pères de leurs enfants. / The implementation of neoliberal globalizing policies, centered on the governance of markets, has led to the relocation of employment sources to specific production centers, forcing the workforce to move to them. Such is the case of the farm workers from Mexico and Guatemala that are mobilized year after year into Québec’s fields and greenhouses through the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) and / or the Agricultural Stream of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (AS-TFWP). Individuals who are part of a vulnerable and flexible labour force, and whose hiring conditions violate their fundamental and labour rights by tying them to a single employer, forcing them to reside in the employer's premises and exposing them to premature repatriation. This research project infers that affectivity and emotionality are increasingly explored topics in the social sciences, particularly in geography. By incorporating the emotional dimension, it exposes the need to examine the emotional narratives of Mexican and Guatemalan transmigrant farm workers, based on the possible ideological use of the emotions that are socialized in a multiscalar and spatial way by the actors who govern the programs that hire them. It therefore raises the question that understanding the emotions of these workers, associated with their participation under specific work conditions framed by the SAWP and the AS-TFWP can significantly contribute to studies that address the relationship between emotionality and male labour migration. This is demonstrated by analyzing Canadian, Mexican and Guatemalan state-driven policies and practices, using emotions such as fear, despair, acquiescence and resignation as mechanisms of social control within the SAWP and the AS-TFWP, along with satisfaction pride in fulfilling the breadwinner role as the unique form of masculinity proposed by these programs. In particular, the relationship between emotions, masculinity and the experience of powerlessness is elucidated. Likewise, through the interweaving of workers' narratives, the interaction of different discriminatory categories is clarified, based on the masculine gender, rarely used in existing migratory studies. Finally, we analyze the speeches of those who have been left behind, the wives of the workers and a few key people, in order to account for the emotional costs caused by the absence of their partners and fathers of their children. / La implementación de políticas neoliberales globalizantes, centradas en la gobernanza de los mercados, ha provocado una deslocalización de las fuentes de empleo hacia centros específicos de producción, forzando a la mano de obra a desplazarse hacia éstos. Tal es el caso de la población trabajadora proveniente de México y Guatemala que es movilizada año tras año hacia campos e invernaderos quebequenses a través del Programa de Trabajadores Agrícolas Temporales (PTAT) y/o del Rubro Agrícola del programa de Trabajadores Extranjeros Temporales (RA-PTET). Individuos que forman parte de una fuerza laboral vulnerable y flexible, y cuyas condiciones de contratación violan sus derechos fundamentales y de trabajo al sujetarlos a un solo empleador, obligarlos a residir en la propiedad de éste y exponerlo a la repatriación prematura. Este proyecto de investigación infiere que afectividad y emocionalidad son temáticas exploradas de manera creciente en las ciencias sociales, particularmente, en la Geografía. Al incorporar la dimensión emocional, expone la necesidad de examinar las narrativas emocionales de los trabajadores agrícolas transmigrantes mexicanos y guatemaltecos, partiendo del posible uso ideológico de las emociones que es socializado de manera multiescalar por los actores que gobiernan los programas que los contratan. Plantea entonces, que la comprensión de las emociones de dichos trabajadores, asociadas a su participación bajo condiciones labores específicas enmarcadas por el PTAT y el RA-PTET puede contribuir significativamente a los estudios que abordan la relación entre emotividad y migración laboral masculina. Esta demostración se realiza analizando las políticas y prácticas estatales canadienses, mexicanas y guatemaltecas, de utilización de emociones tales como miedo, la desesperanza, la aquiescencia y la resignación como mecanismos de control social al interior del PTAT y el RA-PTET; a la par de la satisfacción y orgullo de cumplir con el rol de proveedor principal del hogar como forma única de masculinidad propuesta por dichos programas. De manera particular, se dilucida la relación existente entre emociones, masculinidad y la experiencia de carencia de poder (powerlessness). Asimismo, a través del entretejido de las narrativas de los trabajadores se esclarece la interacción de distintas categorías discriminatorias, teniendo como base el género masculino, raramente utilizado en los estudios migratorios existentes. Finalmente, se analizan los discursos de quienes permanecen en las comunidades de origen, las esposas de los trabajadores y algunas personas clave, a fin de dar cuenta de los costos emocionales provocados por la ausencia de sus compañeros y padres de sus hija-os.

Uppsatsen är en litteraturvetenskaplig studie av makt och maskuliniteter i Madeline Millers roman Circe (2018). Syftet med uppsatsen är “att granska maktförhållanden mellan män och kvinnor, men också mellan individer av samma kön” samt “hur Miller skildrar Kirkes relation till olika män för att utreda hur patriarkala hierarkier upprätthålls, men också hur den traditionella strukturen utmanas av nya föreställningar om kön, genus och sexualitet”. Uppsatsen utgår från fem nyckelscener i romanen som på skilda sätt belyser Kirkes möten med, och relation till, olika slags män och maskuliniteter. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är R.W Connells – och James W. Messerschmidts vidareutveckling av – begreppet “hegemonisk maskulinitet”, men analysen relateras också till tidigare forskning om Kirke-gestalten samt till forskning om den populära kärleksromanen. I uppsatsen framgår att Kirke är underordnad en patriarkal maktstruktur, men att hon – genom att efterlikna den överordnade maskulinitetens brutala metoder – är tillräckligt stark för att utmana det patriarkala systemet. Trots det väljer Kirke den privata lyckan med en man som respekterar henne framför att krossa patriarkatet. I helhet visar dock uppsatsen att kvinnan är tillräckligt stark för att förändra samhället om hon vill.

La presente investigación exploró las representaciones sociales sobre misoginia en estudiantes varones de educación superior. Se realizó desde el paradigma cualitativo, con el enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico. En el estudio participaron ocho varones, utilizándose la entrevista semiestructurada para recoger la información. Los resultados evidencian que, en la construcción de las subjetividades de estos jóvenes, aun se preservaban representaciones estereotipadas de género. Asimismo, mantienen una concepción difusa sobre la misoginia y sus diversas expresiones. Otro hallazgo central es que las subjetividades actuales se encuentran en proceso de “pseudo transformación”, que expresa el rechazo de violencia de género en su discurso y la presencia de acciones misóginas en su accionar, lo que indica que aún no se puede hablar de una transformación integrada en las subjetividades de estos jóvenes. / The present research explored the social representations about misogyny in male students of higher education. It was carried out from the qualitative paradigm, with the hermeneutical phenomenological approach. Eight men participated in the study, using the semi-structured interview to collect the information. The results show that, in the construction of the subjectivities of these young people, stereotyped gender representations were still preserved. Likewise, they maintain a diffuse conception about misogyny and its various expressions. Another central finding is that current subjectivities are in the process of “pseudo transformation”, which expresses the rejection of gender violence in their discourse and the presence of misogynistic actions in their actions, which indicates that it is still not possible to speak of a transformation integrated into the subjectivities of these young people. / Tesis

The aim of this study was to discover if there has been any changes regarding the male ideal in YA literature over time based on the gender related changes that recently have taken place in the Swedish society. The investigation is completed through a comparative analysis of the male characters in Katarina von Bredow’s Syskonkärlek (1991) and Klättra Uppåt (2020) from the female protagonists’ perspective. This is done against the context based of the historic inequality rooted in gender norms together with patterns in romance literature. The female protagonists’ choice of man together with the use of moral characters are the main sources in validating who the ideal male is in each novel. Concepts such as R.W. Connells ‘hegemonic masculinity’ and Thomas Johansson’s theory about demasculinity detects hierarchies among the male characters which are later included in the conclusion. Through the analysis the discovery of some changes are made which states that the fear of femininity has reduced over time and that the use of dominance through anger and violence has become less desirable in men. This change in values could be an effect of the changes in the Swedish society regarding the fact that YA literature often has been put in the position of holding a moral responsibility and therefore is known for depicting contemporary norms and values.

The purpose of this study was to examine Machofabriken 2.0 through discourse analysis.Examine how concepts are filled with meaning and what alternative meanings that are excluded. Ialso scrutinized what pedagogic tools and strategies put forward to achieve change and discuss ifit is possible to approach ordinary men as violent. Furthermore, I have analyzed underpinningassumptions of gender and violence and how masculinities, femininities, violence, andresponsibility are discursively produced. I have paid extra attention to three short movies; RealLife (Sexual harassment and bystander), Ice Cream (Consent and Free will) and Step-up(Pornography) with inspiration from feministfrequency.se to explore visual media and to payattention to the Male Gaze, objectification and sexualization of women, constructed differencesbetween men and women. Feminist Frequency provided me with the concept of Tropes in theexamination of representations of boys and girls in the short movies.The examination has uncovered gender biases in Machofabriken, which privilege the male overthe female and runs the categories fixed and reveals how the masculine discourse has constructedwomen as the Other. This thesis argues, it has dismantled the destructive masculine discourse andhow subjects of both genders are positioned and constituted within that discourse. This alsomeans the construction of gender is already there, before the text, before the short movies.

Solicitud de envío manuscrito de artículo científico. / Este artículo investiga el arquetipo del héroe y masculinidades en la publicidad. El proyecto se centra en validar: 1) la posibilidad de cambio en las actitudes heteronormativas en estudiantes varones de las facultades de Letras, Ingeniería y Artes de UNMSM, UNAC y ENSAD. 2) La resistencia al cambio de este grupo objetivo frente a un discurso igualitario del género. Se utiliza el caso Gillette: We believe. The best man can be como discurso publicitario arquetípico. En base a una muestra no representativa (n=297), se expone baja variabilidad estadística en el promedio general. No obstante, sí se observa cambios de mayor solidez en variables específicas como el rol de género familiar y la expresión corporal masculina. Se sugiere la existencia del cambio actitudinal en la muestra, empero se visualiza rechazo a la persuasión y contradicción en la dimensión igualitaria de género. / This article investigates the archetype of the hero and masculinities in advertising. The project focuses on validating: 1) the possibility of change in heteronormative attitudes in male students of the faculties of Humanities, Engineering and Arts of UNMSM, UNAC and ENSAD. 2) The resistance to change of this target against an equal gender discourse. The Gillette case is used: We believe. The best man can be as an archetypal advertising speech. Based on a non-representative sample (n = 297), low statistical variability is shown in the general average. However, there are changes of greater solidity in specific variables such as the role of family gender and male body expression. The existence of attitudinal change in the sample is suggested, but rejection of persuasion and contradiction in the gender equality dimension is visualized. / Tesis