Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom kvalitativa intervjuer belysa hur föräldrar upplever en musikterapiinriktad samspels- och föräldrastödsgrupp på en neonatalmottagning. Forskningsfrågorna är: Vilka upplevelser beskriver deltagarna relaterat till samspels- och föräldrastödsgruppens verksamhet? Vilka uppfattningar har de om sessionernas innehåll? På vilka sätt använder deltagarna musik efter gruppens avslut? I bakgrunden ges en kort introduktion av musikterapi inom neonatalvård och tidigare forskning om musikterapi för föräldrar och deras barn presenteras. Metoden för denna studie är kvalitativ i form av kvalitativa intervjuer. Data har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I resultatet presenteras de tre kategorier som uppkommit utifrån innehållet i intervjuerna: Upplevelser av sessionerna, Sessionernas innehåll samt Musik efter avslut. I diskussionen kopplas studieresultatet till tidigare forskning under rubrikerna Musikterapi i grupp för föräldrar och deras barn bidrar till välbefinnande, Musikterapi och föräldraförmåga samt Musikterapi och anknytning. I sista kapitlet sammanställs även föräldrarnas tankar om verksamhetens innehåll och vad som kan utvecklas framöver. Några utvalda frågor gällande studiens metod diskuteras, och avslutningsvis framhålls föreliggande studies betydelse och förslag på framtida forskning framförs. / This thesis aims to explore parental experiences of a music therapy intervention and parent support group within a neonatal clinic. The background provides a brief overview of neonatal music therapy and highlights previous studies in the field. The methodology is qualitative interviews and content analysis. The result outlines three categories: Experiences of the sessions, The content of the sessions, and Music after participation. In the last chapter, the study’s result is discussed based on the themes: Music therapy in group settings for parents and children contributes to well-being, Music therapy and parental competence, and Music therapy and attachment. The parents’ thoughts on the group sessions as well as the content of the sessions as potential areas for development of the music therapy intervention and parent support group within a neonatal clinic, are discussed. Some questions concerning the methodology in the present study are raised, and finally, the significance of the present study is emphasized and suggestions for future research are put forward.

I denna uppsats diskuteras kompositionsprocesser utifrån ett hälsoperspektiv. Syftet med uppsatsen är att skapa kunskaper om kompositionsprocesser, hälsa och välbefinnande. Studier inom musikpsykologi samt inom fältet för musik och hälsa presenteras i bakgrunden följt av begrepp och Wallas modell för skapandeprocesser. Vidare har metoden kvalitativ forskningsintervju valts för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågor som handlar om att synliggöra hälsofrämjande strategier inom komposition. I resultatet presenteras utdrag utifrån tre huvudteman som analyserats tematiskt och hermeneutiskt: Kompositionsprocesser och hälsofrämjande strategier, Välbefinnande och känslor samt Social samverkan. I diskussionsdelen diskuteras dessa teman under rubriker som Lekfullhet och flow, Tillit, Mottaganden och möten och slutligen en sammanfattning: Komposition och hälsa - en vision. En slutsats som uppdagades var att det finns utrymme för hälsofrämjande aspekter och känslor av välbefinnande genom hela kompositionsprocessen - förutsatt att kompositören vet hur han eller hon ska hantera sina motgångar. Slutligen diskuteras metoden och även arbetets betydelse samt fortsatt forskning presenteras. / In this thesis composition processes from a health perspective are being discussed. The aim of the thesis is to create knowledge about composition processes, health, and well-being. Studies in music psychology as well as in the field of music and health are presented in the background, followed by concepts and Wallas' model of creative processes. Furthermore, the qualitative research interview method has been chosen to address certain research questions, including those related to identifying health-promoting strategies within composition. The results present excerpts based on three main themes analyzed thematically and hermeneutically: Composition processes and health-promoting strategies, Well-being and emotions and Social collaboration. In the Discussion section, these themes are discussed under headings such as Playfulness, Trust and flow, Reception and meetings and finally a summarize: Composition and health - a vision. One conclusion that emerged was that there is room for health-promoting aspects and feelings of well-being throughout the entire composition process, provided that the composer knows how to handle setbacks. Finally, the method and the significance of the work are discussed, and further research is presented.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] Esta tesis representa una parte de lo que ha sido un minucioso y extenso trabajo de investigación entre dos grandes disciplinas, música y medicina, que se han abrazado para intentar aliviar y mejorar la salud de los pacientes. Parte de una visión general de la importancia de la música en el ámbito sanitario y se focaliza en el estudio del impacto que tiene al ser administrada como adyuvante en el tratamiento del enfermo renal, con el propósito de aportar nuevos datos al objetivo principal de la tesis: verificar el efecto que produce sobre los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica, la música clásica escuchada en directo en el hospital, como ayuda al tratamiento durante los procesos de hemodiálisis. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura actual para identificar y clasificar estudios que utilizan la música en vivo en hospitales, con el objetivo de ofrecer un análisis de la relevancia que tiene al ser aplicada como ayuda en diferentes tratamientos médicos. Comprobamos si los niveles de ansiedad y depresión del paciente renal, mejoran después de escuchar música en directo mientras reciben el tratamiento. Los resultados se plasman con la publicación de dos artículos: "Hemodiálisis musical para mejorar la ansiedad y depresión". Itamar. Revista de investigación musical: territorios para el arte. Y "Effect of live music on anxiety and depression in haemodialysis patients: a randomised clinical trial pilot study". Psychology of Music. En paralelo y de manera complementaria se lleva a cabo una segunda investigación que pretende verificar si estas intervenciones de música clásica en directo e "in situ" durante el tratamiento de Hemodiálisis tienen efectos sobre la Calidad de Vida de los pacientes. Estos resultados se publican en un tercer artículo "Estudio de intervención para comprobar el efecto de la música clásica en directo durante hemodiálisis sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica". Nefrología. Para cerrar la tesis se inicia la discusión del valor que aporta la música en vivo en los hospitales, se identifican y clasifican todos los estudios revisados con el objetivo de determinar el valor que aportan. Los resultados se recogen en una cuarta publicación "El valor de la música en vivo en los hospitales: Revisión bibliográfica de alcance". Revista musical Chilena. / [CA] Aquesta tesi representa una part del que ha sigut un minuciós i extens treball de recerca entre dues grans disciplines, música i medicina, que s'han abraçat per a intentar alleujar i millorar la salut dels pacients. Part d'una visió general de la importància de la música en l'àmbit sanitari i es focalitza en l'estudi de l'impacte que té en ser administrada com a adjuvant en el tractament del malalt renal, amb el propòsit d'aportar noves dades a l'objectiu principal de la tesi: verificar l'efecte que produeix sobre els pacients amb insuficiència renal crònica, la música clàssica escoltada en directe a l'hospital, com a ajuda al tractament durant els processo d'hemodiàlisis. Es realitza una revisió de la literatura actual per a identificar i classificar estudis que utilitzen la música en viu en hospitals, amb l'objectiu d'oferir una anàlisi de la rellevància que té en ser aplicada com a ajuda en diferents tractaments mèdics. Comprovem si els nivells d'ansietat i depressió del pacient renal, milloren després d'escoltar música en directe mentre reben el tractament. Els resultats es plasmen amb la publicació de dos articles: "Hemodiálisis musical para mejorar la ansiedad y depresión". Itamar. Revista de investigación musical: territorios para el arte. Y "Effect of live music on anxiety and depression in haemodialysis patients: a randomised clinical trial pilot study". Psychology of Music. En paral¿lel i de manera complementària es duu a terme una segona investigació la qual pretén verificar si aquestes intervencions de música clàssica en directe i "in situ" durant el tractament d'Hemodiàlisi tenen efectes sobre la Qualitat de Vida dels pacients. Aquests resultats es publiquen en un tercer article "Estudio de intervención para comprobar el efecto de la música clásica en directo durante hemodiálisis sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica". Nefrología. Per a tancar la tesi s'inicia la discussió del valor que aporta la música en viu als hospitals, s'identifiquen i classifiquen tots els estudis revisats amb l'objectiu de determinar el valor que aporten a l'àmbit hospitalari. Els resultats es recullen en una quarta publicació "El valor de la música en vivo en los hospitales: Revisión bibliográfica de alcance". Revista musical Chilena / [EN] This thesis represents a part of a meticulous and extensive research work between two great disciplines, music and medicine, which have embraced each other to try to alleviate and improve patients' health. It starts from a general vision of the importance of music in the health field and focuses on the study of its impact when administered as an adjuvant in the treatment of kidney patients to provide new data for the main objective of the thesis. : verify the effect that classical music listened to live in the hospital has on patients with chronic kidney failure as an aid to treatment during hemodialysis processes. A review of the current literature is carried out to identify and classify studies that use live music in hospitals, with the aim of offering an analysis of the relevance it has when applied as an aid in different medical treatments. We check whether the kidney patient's anxiety and depression levels improve after listening to live music while receiving treatment. The results are reflected in the publication of two articles: "Hemodiálisis musical para mejorar la ansiedad y depresión". Itamar. Revista de investigación musical: territorios para el arte. Y "Effect of live music on anxiety and depression in haemodialysis patients: a randomised clinical trial pilot study". Psychology of Music. In parallel and complementary a second investigation is carried out which aims to verify whether these live and "in situ" classical music interventions during Hemodialysis treatment have effects on the patients' Quality of Life. These results are published in a third article "Estudio de intervención para comprobar el efecto de la música clásica en directo durante hemodiálisis sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica". Nefrología. To close the thesis, the discussion of the value that live music provides in hospitals begins. All the studies reviewed are identified and classified to determine the value they contribute to the hospital environment. The results are collected in a fourth publication "El valor de la música en vivo en los hospitales: Revisión bibliográfica de alcance". Revista musical Chilena / Serrano Soliva, M. (2024). La música clásica en directo y la respuesta frente a la enfermedad y su evolución en pacientes con tratamiento de hemodiálisis [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/203528 / Compendio

The research demonstrates that music therapy is an effective tool in the area of communication and behavior with children with autism and children with other learning disabilities. The hypothesis of this thesis predicted that music would enhance communication and decrease inappropriate behaviors. Qualitative data were gathered from interviews with music therapists and observations of students diagnosed with autism and other disabilities including attention deficit disorder, cerebral palsy, Down's syndrome, and other levels of mental retardation. Results supported the hypothesis and also supported the research in the literature that music lowered the anxiety levels in all individuals, resulting in increased learning.

The goal of my diploma thesis is introduce one of alternative direction {--} music therapy, to outline the sphere of specific learning and behavior disorders, and also to give a guide, how to apply components of music therapy during the work with children with these disorders. The thesis consists of two parts {--} a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on defining key terms, such as music therapy, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dysortographia, dyscalculia, dyspinxia, dysmusia, dyspraxia. In my work I aim to clarify the question of ADHD and try to point out the relation of particular learning and behavior disorders. The practical part includes twenty activities that were made firstly according to a methodical manual written by M. Beníčková and Z. Vilímek, who use the Czech method of music therapy {--} Music of body, and secondly on the base of casuistry of two boys attending special practical school. Each activitiy should develop particular skills, comprises tools, motivation, its own description and analysis coming out of a practical accomplishment. The method of observing was used for the evaluation.

Text in Afrikaans / The Gestalt Play Therapeutic approach is used as contextual frame in this research where-in music is applied as an aid for the aggressive emotions of the primary learner. Emotional and behavioral problems in children in primary and secondary schools and even in pre-primary schools, are assuming alarming proportions. From the holistic approach of the Gestalt theory, it has an influence on the development of areas such as the emotional, physical, cognitive and social in the phase of middle childhood. There is a lack of research findings on the effect of music during support to the aggressive primary learner within a Gestalt Play Therapeutic frame. The experimental single system design was used as research method as part of the quantitative investigation. The conclusion is that music was used successfully in the handling of rage and aggressive emotions in the group of child respondents within the context of the Gestalt approach. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)

Text in Afrikaans / Sekere bevindings oor die positiewe en negatiewe invloed van musiek en die funksies wat dit met betrekking tot menswees vervul, is as 'n verwysingsraamwerk gebruik om historiese gegewens oar die konstruktiewe en destruktiewe aanwending van musiek in hoofsaaklik Duitsland en die V.S.A. te analiseer. Dit het aan die lig gekom dat musiek konstruktief aangewend is met betrekking tot: Intellektuele vorming: Intellektuele vaardighede en kennisverwerwing is deur musiek bevorder. Die leergebeure is veraangenaam en meer effektief gemaak. Estetiese vorming: Deur musiek is 'n estetiese waardesisteem en 'n goeie kunssmaak ontwikkel en die wording van volwaardige, gebalanseerde individue bevorder. Religieuse vorming: Musiek is aangewend om religieuse denke en gewaarwordinge uit te druk en om kennisoordrag, evangelisasie, sending en die belewing van 'n innige geloofsgemeenskap te bevorder. Etiese vorming: Etiese waarhede is met behulp van musiek herhaal en ingeoefen. 'n "Morele atmosfeer" en die vaslegging van 'n waardesisteem is daardeur bevorder. Politieke vorming: Politieke gevoelens en menings is deur musiek uitgedruk om mense te be1nvloed om bepaalde standpunte, partye, regerings of politieke stelsels te ondersteun. Nasionale vorming: Musiek is gebruik om patriotisme te verwoord, die kulture van volkere te weerspieel, volksfeeste op te luister en nasionale eenheid te bevorder. Sosiale vorming: Musiek is aangewend as 'n bran van vermaak en ontspanning en as 'n kommunikasiemiddel. Dit het gehelp om 'n groepsidentiteit te vestig, 'n gemeenskapsgevoel en sosialisering te bevorder en mense se gedragspatrone te be1nvloed. Affektiewe vorming: Deur middel van musiek is gepoog om die gevoelslewe te orden en te veredel en om positiewe veranderinge ten opsigte van affektiewe toestande teweeg te bring. Fisieke vorming: Verskeie liggaamsaktiwiteite en fisieke vaardighede, ontspanning en verfrissing is deur musiek bevorder en dit is as 'n terapie aangewend. Musiek is oak destruktief aangewend deurdat die Christelike kerk ondermyn, religieuse aanbidding benadeel, die jeug se emosionele beheer, selfstandigwording en etiese waardestelsels negatief be!nvloed, aggressiewe en opstandige gedrag, militarisme, politieke venyn en rassehaat bevorder, beswyming ge!nduseer, gehoorsintuie beskadig en regerings omvergewerp is. 'n Aantal aanbevelings en waarskuwings met betrekking tot die aanwending van musiek in formele, nieformele en informele onderwys- en opvoedingsituasies het uit die analise voortgevloei. / Certain findings concerning the positive and negative influences of music and the functions fulfilled by it in the life-world of man were used as a reference framework in order to analyse historical data on the constructive and destructive applications of music in mainly Germany and the U.S.A. It came to light that music was constructively applied with regard to: Intellectual shaping: Music was employed to enhance various intellectual skills, to improve the acquisition of knowledge and to render the learning process more pleasant and effective. Aesthetic shaping: An aesthetic value system and a good artistic taste were developed and the shaping of complete, balanced individuals was promoted through music. Religious shaping: Music was employed to express religious thoughts and perceptions and to promote close community of faith, knowledge transfer, evangelization and missionary effort. Ethical shaping: Ethical truths were reiterated and "practised" and a "moral atmosphere" and a value system established through music. Political shaping: Political feelings and opinions were expressed through music and people were influenced to support specific viewpoints, parties, governments or political systems. National shaping: Music was employed to express patriotism, to reflect the cultures of nations, to add lustre to national gatherings and to promote national unity. Social shaping: Music was a source of entertainment and recreation and a means of communication. Through music the establishment of a group identity, socialization and a communal sense were promoted and behavioural patterns affected. Affective shaping: Music was a means of ordering and ennobling inner life and of facilitating positive changes in affective conditions. Physical shaping: Relaxation, recreation, physical skills and activities were promoted through music which was utilized as a therapy. Music was also destructively employed by undermining the Christian church and harming religious worship, by negatively influencing youth's emotional selfcontrol, ethical value systems and the actualization of independence, by furthering aggressive and rebellious behaviour, inducing trances, causing physical damage to hearing organs and promoting militarism, political viciousness, racial hatred and the overthrow of governments. A number of recommendations and warnings concerning the employment of music in formal, non-formal and informal educational situations resulted from the analysis. / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / D. Ed. (Historiese Opvoedkunde)

Les personnes ayant une aphasie, un trouble acquis du langage causé par une lésion cérébrale, parviennent temporairement à mieux prononcer des mots quand elles les chantent dans des chansons familières ou en chant choral. Dans cette thèse nous examinons comment le chant peut entrainer des bénéfices durables sur le langage et la communication de ces personnes. Deux contextes sont envisagés : (1) une thérapie chantée de l’aphasie, la Melodic intonation therapy en anglais (MIT), et (2) une activité de loisir, une chorale de personnes aphasiques. La première étude de cette thèse (Chapitre 2) est une recension critique de la variété de recherches dont la MIT a fait l’objet. Nous soutenons que plusieurs protocoles de traitement présentés sous le label MIT ne correspondent pas à la MIT originale et que les effets immédiats du chant, qui sont examinés dans des études transversales, ne devraient pas être confondus avec les effets durables, observés dans des études longitudinales. Cette grille de lecture permet de réconcilier des conclusions d’études contradictoires à propos des mécanismes de la MIT et met en évidence des questions de recherches en suspens, notamment sur la contribution relative du rythme et de la hauteur musicale dans les effets de cette thérapie, que nous traitons dans le troisième chapitre. Nous y rapportons une étude avec trois participants ayant une aphasie de Broca chronique. Trois traitements ont été comparés dans un devis en carré latin : une thérapie comportant de la parole chantée (i.e., avec rythme et hauteurs musicales) proche de la MIT originale, une thérapie équivalente avec de la parole uniquement rythmée, et une thérapie comportant de la parole normale. Puisque seule la thérapie chantée a amélioré le langage dans le discours naturel des participants, nous soutenons que le chant dans son entièreté est un élément actif de la MIT. Enfin, dans le quatrième chapitre, nous présentons la première étude de groupe contrôlée, randomisée et à simple insu tentant de déterminer si le chant pratiqué comme simple loisir peut aussi avoir un effet bénéfique dans la réadaptation de l’aphasie. Nous avons comparé les progrès en communication fonctionnelle de 17 personnes ayant différents types d’aphasies chroniques réparties dans un groupe chorale, où elles devaient participer à six mois d’activité hebdomadaire de chorale, un groupe théâtre, où elles devaient suivre un atelier de théâtre, et une liste d’attente pour ces deux activités seulement. Nos résultats ont montré une corrélation positive entre l’amélioration de la communication fonctionnelle et le nombre de présences aux activités sociales, quelles qu’elles soient, mais nous n’avons pas trouvé d’effet spécifique à l’activité de chorale. Ainsi, la pratique du chant en chorale pourrait avoir un potentiel thérapeutique général, mais pas spécifique à l’utilisation du chant. D’autres études sont toutefois nécessaires pour le confirmer. Ainsi, cette thèse soutient globalement que dans la réadaptation de l’aphasie, le chant apporte des bénéfices spécifiques sur le langage lorsqu’il est intégré dans une thérapie comme la MIT et des bénéfices comparables à d’autres activités sociales lorsqu’il est pratiqué comme activité de loisir dans une chorale. / People with aphasia, an acquired disorder of language caused by brain injury, can temporarily better pronounce words when they sing them as part of familiar songs or in choral singing with a model they can imitate. In this thesis, we examine how singing can lead to lasting benefits on the linguistic and communicative abilities of these people. Two contexts are considered: (1) an aphasia therapy based on singing, the Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT), and (2) a recreational choir activity for people with aphasia. Our first study (Chapter 2) presents a critical review of studies having centered on MIT. We argue that several treatment protocols subsumed under the rubric of MIT do not in fact correspond well to the original MIT specification and that immediate effects of singing studied in cross-sectional studies should not be confused with the lasting effects observed in longitudinal studies. This interpretative framework makes it possible to reconcile the findings of contradictory studies concerning the mechanisms of MIT and highlights yet unresolved research questions, including the relative contribution of rhythm and pitch to the effects of this therapy. This latter question forms the central topic of our third chapter in which we report a study with three chronic Broca's aphasia patients. Three treatments were compared in a Latin square design: a therapy using sung speech (i.e., with both rhythm and pitch) closely resembling that of the original MIT, an equivalent therapy using only rhythmic speech, and a therapy with normal speech. Since only the full singing therapy improved the natural speech of participants, we argue that the rhythm and pitch combination in singing is most effective for MIT. Finally, in the fourth chapter we present the first randomized, controlled, and single-blinded group study aiming to determine if recreational singing can also be beneficial in the rehabilitation of aphasia. We evaluated the progress in functional communication for 17 people with different types of chronic aphasia during six months of weekly activity in either a choir group, a drama group, or a waiting list group that participated in neither of these activities. Our results showed a positive correlation between improvement in functional communication and attendance to any and all social events in which participants were involved, but we did not find any specific effect of choir activity. Thus, the practice of choral singing may have a general therapeutic potential, but not one specific to singing. Further studies are needed to confirm this. Thus, this thesis maintains that in the rehabilitation of aphasia, singing brings specific benefits to language when integrated into a therapy such as MIT and benefits comparable to other social activities when it is practiced as a leisure activity in a choir.

The topic of this thesis is to use descant recorders (hereinafter recorder) as a therapeutic agent in children with behavioral difficulties. The main aim of the study is to analyze the impact of activities with the recorder on the problem phenomena in the behavior of selected individuals and further explore the views of preschool teachers of their own readiness to manage problem behavior in their classrooms. The theoretical part is mainly engaged in the therapeutic use of recorders and characteristics of problematic behavior. Considerable space is devoted to the review of options to promote desirable behavior in pre school children and areas of music therapy. With regard to the desired objectives mixed research is chosen in the practical part. Using a questionnaire opinions of preschool teachers on the issue of educational difficulties in children are collected and also the possibility to use the recorder for therapeutic purposes. The case studies demonstrate the impact of the recorder on the manifestations of problematic behavior. The conclusion summarizes the findings of the study. KEYWORDS descant recorder, manifestations of problematic behavior, behavior disorders, promoting the desired behavior, music therapy, supporting procedures, morning circle, therapeutic - formative methods

Syftet med detta arbete är att utforska betydelsen av musik vid avsked hos sörjande människor. Internationell och skandinavisk forskning inom närliggande områden har i större utsträckning beaktat musikens terapeutiska och psykologiska roll. I Sverige saknas i stort sett forskning inom detta ämne. Studien är av kvalitativ art där narrativ analyseras utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv och det empiriska underlaget i uppsatsen består av 12 livsberättelser av efterlevande i sorgegrupper. De berättar om sorg och förlust samt på vilka sätt de relaterar till musik i samband med begravningen och vidare under den efterföljande sorgeprocessen. Av intervjuerna i semistrukturerad form framkom ett material som presenteras i resultatkapitlet. Musikens roll vid rituella avsked har förändrats idag. Anhöriga är mer delaktiga än tidigare. Musik väljs utifrån personliga kriterier. Musik som förknippas med positiva minnen tillsammans med den anhörige kan ge en upplevelse av igenkänning. Att använda musikterapi under sorgeprocessen eller att lyssna på egenvald musik kan vara ett kraftfullt redskap som förmedlar hopp och tröst till sörjande människor. / The aim of this study is to examine the role of music at the condolence in the grieving persons. In related areas, international and Scandinavian research have explored the therapeutic and psychological role of music. This topic has been missing in earlier Swedish research. The study has a qualitative approach and the analytical prism used for the semi-structured interviews was informed by a hermeneutic method. The empirical basis of the essay is based on 12 life stories of survivors participating in grief support groups. The interviews talk about grief and loss and the ways in which they relate to music at the funeral and during the grieving process. The material which emerged from the interviews in semi-structured form is presented in the results section. The role of music in the ritual condolences has changed. Relatives are now more involved in choosing music than in the past. Music is selected based on personal criteria. Music associated with positive memories of the loved one can convey emotions of recognition. Music therapy during the grieving process, or listen to music of own choice, may act as a spiritual force that gives hope and consolation to the grieving persons.