Musikterapi vid psykotrauma är sparsamt utforskat i Sverige. De få resultat som finns tyder på att musikterapi vid psykotrauma kan vara en effektiv behandlingsform. Frågan om resiliens och dess betydelse vid behandling med musikterapi av psykotrauma är även det sparsamt utforskat. Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är därför att utforska hur tre musikterapeuter med erfarenhet av psykotraumabehandling, ser på resilienta förhållningssätt i patientbehandlingar. Forskningsfrågorna är: Hur uppfattar musikterapeuterna begreppet resiliens? På vilket sätt tänker musikterapeuterna att de kan bidra till resilienta förhållningssätt? Vilka musikterapeutiska metoder kan bidra till utvecklandet av resiliens? Studien bygger på tre semistrukturerade intervjuer vilka analyserats med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet presenteras i form av ett övergripande tema: Resursorienterad musikterapi bidrar till resiliens vid behandling av psykotrauma uppbyggt av tre huvudkategorier som utgörs av en rad underkategorier. Avslutningsvis diskuteras resultatet i relation till teoretiska utgångspunkter om resiliens och musikterapi vid behandling av psykotrauma samt dess betydelse för musikterapi, och idéer till framtida forskningsarbeten presenteras. / Music therapy in psychotrauma has been scantily explored in Sweden. The few results available suggest that music therapy in psychotrauma can be an effective treatment. The question of resilience and its importance in treating psychotrauma with music therapy has also been sparsely explored. The purpose of the present thesis is, therefore, to explore how three music therapists with experience in psychotrauma treatment look at resilient approaches in patient's treatments. The research questions are: How do music therapists understand the concept of resilience? In what ways do music therapists think they can contribute to resilient approaches? Which music therapeutic methods can contribute to the development of resilience? The study is based on three semi-structured interviews that were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The result is presented in the form of an overall theme: Resource-oriented music therapy contributes to resilience in the treatment of psychotrauma. The theme consists of three main categories, which in turn comprise a number of subcategories. Finally, the results are discussed with theoretical points of departure on resilience and music therapy in treatment in psychotrauma. An insight into the importance of the work to music therapy is provided, and ideas on future research work that can be further developed are presented.

This research paper explores the use of creative arts therapies with children and families in a pediatric hospital setting as experienced by the therapists who provide these services. The research investigates art therapy, music therapy and dance/movement therapy at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), with an in depth consideration of the role of art therapy services in this setting. The researchers reviewed general literature regarding hospitalization, specifically its effects on children and families, availability and role of psychosocial services and the intensive care units (ICU). Literature discussing creative arts therapies (art therapy, music therapy and dance/movement therapy) was also reviewed, with a focus on art therapy and its role in medical settings with children/families, with pediatric cancer patients and in psychosocial services. Based on information gleaned from the literature review, the researchers crafted an online survey utilized to gather information regarding the experience of providing creative arts therapies in a pediatric hospital setting. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with three selected survey respondents to further explore these experiences through interview questions and art making. The qualitative data from survey/interview responses, including the art, was reviewed and analyzed by the researchers. Analysis of the data resulted in five prominent themes from the online survey data: being present, family, support, change and identity. Four prominent themes emerged from the interview data: empowerment, culture, being present and identity. The researchers then examined these themes in the context of the general and art therapy literature. The meanings derived from these findings demonstrate the importance of continued and expanded use of creative arts therapies in pediatric hospitals.

Currently, little evidence has been gathered on the impact of listening to preferred music on the healing experiences of cancer patients, justifying the need for qualitative inquiry. Three disease-free women that survived breast cancer were invited to share their stories about how listening to preferred music assisted in decreasing their symptoms of depression, fatigue, and pain during their recovery. Data analysis followed a multiple case study methodology. Findings reveal the importance of listening to music and its affect on the emotional and physiological state of cancer patients, as well as their ability to cope with their illness. Four major themes emerged from the transcripts of participants: Music as Vibration, Music as Getaway, Music as Emotion Regulation, and Music as Spiritual Validation.

The diploma thesis focuses on the topic of personal and social development of pupils in the music education process at the 1st level of basic education. It brings forward selected music therapy techniques, which represent one of the means of personal and social education. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the concept of personal and social education with a brief history of the issue. It represents the position of personal and social education in curricular documents. The practical part of the work presents regular teaching of music lessons at the Dolní Břežany Elementary school. The research part also includes activities with emotional cards. The diploma thesis offers a possible connection of communication cards with listening to selected songs, in order to briefly diagnose the research sample. The chosen music therapy techniques are applied to the pupils of the 1st grade, which represents a significant milestone in the transition from kindergarten to primary school. KEYWORDS: Personal and social education, motivation, music therapy, climate of class, reflection, self- reflection, cooperation

Kognitiv sjukdom eller demenssjukdom är ett samlingsbegrepp som innefattar flera olika kroniska sjukdomar. Gemensamt är att de påverkar hjärnan på olika sätt och leder till att personen som drabbas sviktar i olika kognitiva domäner. Nio av tio personer med kognitiv sjukdom drabbas av beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demenssjukdom. Beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demenssjukdom kan leda till stort lidande och kan vara svårt att hantera även för närstående och personal. Icke-farmakologiska åtgärder har högst prioritet i behandlingen av beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demenssjukdom. Musikbaserade terapeutiska interventioner är en av dessa åtgärder som fått ökad uppmärksamhet. Metoden har även stöd i beprövad erfarenhet. För att kunna erbjuda en personcentrerad omvårdnad och använda sig av ett brett utbud av omvårdnadsåtgärder behöver vårdpersonal ha kännedom om dessa metoder och hur de fungerar.  Syftet med studien var att undersöka effekter av musikbaserade terapeutiska interventioner på de beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom som kan uppstå vid kognitiv sjukdom. Metod var litteraturstudie med systematisk struktur. Sökningarna genomfördes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Sammanlagt inkluderades 15 vetenskapliga kvantitativa artiklar som först kvalitetsgranskades för att sedan analyseras med integrerad analys. Resultatet kategoriserades i två huvudkategorier ”Effekt på beteendemässiga symtom” och ”Effekt på psykiska symtom”. Artiklarna visade störst effekt på de psykiska symtomen och då främst på depression och ångest. Resultatet visade även att musikbaserade terapeutiska interventioner kunde minska vanföreställningar, hallucinationer och apati. Viss effekt sågs också på beteendemässiga symtom som aggression och agitation. Resultatet visade att effekten i de allra flesta fall avtog efter tre till fyra veckor.  Slutsats från studien var att musikbaserade terapeutiska interventioner kan ha effekt på beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demenssjukdom. Effekt sågs framförallt på de psykiska symtomen vilket överensstämmer med tidigare forskning. I syfte att på bästa sätt undvika potentiellt farliga läkemedel för personer med beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demenssjukdom är icke-farmakologiska metoder prioriterat enligt de svenska nationella riktlinjerna vid demenssjukdom. Genom att praktisera en personcentrerad omvårdnad och använda sig av musik i terapeutiskt syfte kan vårdpersonal påverka negativa symtom och på så sätt höja livskvaliteten för personer som upplever beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demenssjukdom. / Neurocognitive disorder or dementia are collective terms for several chronic diseases. What they have in common is that they affect the brain in different ways and the person being affected fails in different cognitive domains. Nine out of ten persons with dementia suffer from behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Behavioural and psychologicalsymptoms of dementia can lead to great suffering and can be difficult to manage for relativesand staff. Non-pharmacological interventions have the highest priority in the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Music-based therapeutic interventions are one of these interventions that have received increased attention. The method is also supported by proven experience. To be able to offer person-centred nursing and make use of a wide range of nursing measures, care staff need to be aware of these methods and how they work. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of music-based therapeutic interventions on the behavioural and psychological symptoms that can occur in cognitive disorder. The method was a literature review with systematic structure. The searches were performed in the databases PubMed and CINAHL. A total of 15 scientific quantitative articles were included, which were firs quality reviewed and then analysed with integrated analysis.  The results were categorized into two main categories. “Effect on behavioural symptoms” and “Effect on psychological symptoms”. The articles showed greatest effect on psychological symptoms and then mainly on depression and anxiety. The results also showed that music-based therapeutic interventions could reduce delusions, hallucinations and apathy. Some effect was also seen on behavioural symptoms such as aggression and agitation. The results showed that in most cases the effect diminished after three to four weeks. The study concluded that music-based therapeutic interventions may have an effect on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. The effect was seen mainly on the psychological symptoms, which is consistent with previous research. In order to best avoid potentially dangerous drugs for people with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, non-pharmacological methods are prioritized according to the Swedish national guidelines for care of dementia. By practicing person-centred nursing and using music for therapeutic purposes, healthcare professionals can influence negative symptoms and thus increase the quality of life for people who experience behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Music is universal and appreciated by many, yet it is rarely spoken of in the context of social work. The extent to which music is used in social work in Sweden is not clear, as there is not much research in the area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore how music can be used in social work with clients, specifically in the field of disability. The goal was to investigate whether music can have an impact on the well-being of clients, and whether music can encourage active participation in society. The purpose was also to investigate if social workers feel that they can use music both for creating relationships with clients and as a means of communication. To address these issues, four people working with music as a tool in social work were interviewed. The four individuals work with individuals with disabilities in Malmö, Sweden. A synthesis of previous research and empirical evidence from this study together with social pedagogy as a theoretical starting point strongly suggests that music can be used to encourage active participation in society, provide a sense of community, improve health and well-being, and that it can be a tool for relationship building and communication between client and social worker. Furthermore, music can both motivate the client and positively affect mood. Social pedagogical work is often applied in everyday situations, where the worker needs to be creative and solution-focused to develop strategies that are effective in interaction with others, the conclusions drawn in this study make a compelling case for music as a useful tool in social pedagogical work – music becomes a positive and personal element in the interaction between social worker and client.

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The subject matter of the study is communicative features of children in preschool age with ASD. The object matter of the study is specificity of communicative skills development of children with ASD in preschool age. The final qualification work consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusions, a list of references (55 sources) and an annex including the blank forms of the applied methods. The volume of the work is 128 pages, which include 9 figures and 16 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the chosen research problem, the level of development of the problematics; the objective and the tasks of the study are set, the subject matter and the scope of the research are determined, the basic and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are defined, as well as the stages of the research, its scientific novelty and practical significance of the work. The first chapter is devoted to the study of communicative skills development of children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in preschool age and possibilities of correction by music therapy. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It includes a description of the organization and methods of the study, as well as the results obtained due to the applied methods: "Comprehensive assessing young Children" (O.G. Prikhodko), Diagnostics of children's understanding emotional states of the person. (Zabramnaya S.D., Borovik O.V.), "Psychological and pedagogical diagnostics of development of children of early and preschool age" (edited by E.A. Strebeleva), CARS Scale ( Childhood Autism Rating Scale). Also, the chapter presents a psycho-correctional program of communication skills development of children with ASD by music therapy. And a comparative and correlation analysis of the results of the study. The findings of Chapter 2 are the main results of the empirical study. In the conclusion, brief results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are presented, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses. The practical significance of the study is substantiated. / Объектом исследования явились коммуникативные особенности детей старшего дошкольного возраста с РАС. Предметом исследования стала специфика развития коммуникативных навыков детей с РАС старшего дошкольного возраста. Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (55 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применяющихся методик. Объем работы 128 страниц, на которых размещены 9 рисунков и 16 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава посвящена изучению особенностей развития коммуникативных навыков детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС) старшего дошкольного возраста и возможностей их коррекции средствами музыкотерапии. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: «Комплексное обследование детей раннего возраста» (О.Г. Приходько), Диагностика понимания детьми эмоциональных состояний человека. (Забрамная С.Д., Боровик О. В.), «Психолого-педагогическая диагностика развития детей раннего и дошкольного возраста» (под ред. Е.А. Стребелевой), Шкала CARS (рейтинговая шкала аутизма у детей). Также, в главе представлена психокоррекционная программа по формированию коммуникативных способностей у детей с рас средствами музыкотерапии. И сравнительный и корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования.

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