Abstract From the viewpoint of Micro politics in school organizations, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relevancies between the perceptions of micro politics strategies and the levels of organizational trust among the teachers with variable backgrounds in school organizations in Pingtung County. The research method being adopted in this study is Questionnaire Survey and the research tool being utilized is ¡§The Questionnaire Survey on the Perceptions of micro politics Strategies and the Levels of Organizational Trust in School Organizations in Pingtung County¡¨, developed by the researcher himself. After reviewing relevant research documents and analyzing the results of the questionnaire survey, the conclusions of this study include: 1.There is obvious existence of micro politics strategies in the relationship operations in school organizations. 2.Among teachers and schools of different backgrounds, there are notable differences in the perceptions of micro politics strategies in school organizations. 3.Among teachers and schools of different backgrounds, there are notable differences in some aspects in the levels of organizational trust in school organizations. 4.It is shown that there is a low positive correlation between the perceptions of micro politics and the levels of organizational trust in school organizations.

This thesis investigates how students’ practical considerations for future choices in education and occupations correspond to policy objectives of socially productive educational choices. This is conveyed through the primary aim of analyzing the correspondence between on the one hand educational policy intentions and on the other hand students’ educational choices and the social and cultural conditions that structure them. These concerns are addressed with specific aims in four different articles. However, the following research questions have been of central guidance for framing the main issue: (1) How are economic, political and social processes brought together on a policy level for motivating and regulating individuals’ educational choices (Article I)? (2) How do students’ educational choices correspond with policy intentions and the assumptions of rational choice that the latter are founded on (Article I-II)? (3) How are students’ educational choices shaped by wants and identities (Article II-IV)? (4) What is the relationship between students’ want formation and relevant social and cultural conditions (Article II-IV)? The empirical material consisted of interviews and semi-structured questionnaires with young people in secondary education and higher education, and interviews with school staff in secondary education. Empirical inquiries were also conveyed via a semiotic content analysis on recent policy: specifically the Swedish Long-Term Surveys from 2008 and 2011. In comprehensive terms, the rationality of choices from both how choice is practiced and what is desired has been of primary interest. These concerns are addressed by the following emphases in the different investigations. In Article I the form of government that aims to shape actors’ wants and decisions in relation to productive educational choices in the Long-Term Surveys is investigated. The forms of rationality in general, and the suggested implementation of rational choices in particular, are here analyzed through a critical semiotic analysis. The result of the study lifts forward critical distinctions of ontological and epistemological assumptions in how to delineate social and economic claims for the righteousness, reasonableness and necessity of choices. Article II focuses on how students’ wants and choices are formed in a vocational (vehicle maintenance program) and a theoretical (social science program) upper secondary education. By examining students’ want-lists complemented by interviews with students and school staff the study argues that it is important to view wants in an organic totality based on individual and collective experiences. The results show a pragmatic rationality in students’ decision-making, which challenges instrumental rationality in educational choices. This is importantly about how structural support guides students’ decisions over the future under conditions of the radical uncertainty that marks decisions in open social systems. In article III the analysis of vocational and theoretical upper secondary students’ want formations are further developed in relation to their educational environment. Through analysis of interviews with students, teachers, principals and student counselors the article pays particular attention to institutional school effects and school habitus. The results showed that different forms of school habitus in the investigated programs could be empirically attributed to how students form their wants. Article IV investigates identity work via a semi-structured questionnaire and group interviews with students from a Swedish Human Resource program in higher education. What in particular was investigated was how symbolic signification of education and occupations occurred within education. The actual meaning students attributed to education rested importantly on collective sense-making. Indicated in the results is that the meaning of being a student incorporates an awareness of social status and an ability to form relatively autonomous personal projects related to social forces. The result of the thesis points to a lack of correspondence between, on the one hand, political notions of how rational and utility maximizing choices should be made based on effective matching of education and working life and, on the other hand, how young people form their paths into the future in practice through education choices. Students often make their educational choices due to a lack of better alternatives and are often uncertain about where their choices will take them in life. These results show that there is a need for concrete support in schools in order to turn students’ insecurity about the future into useful strategies for educational and occupational paths. / <p>Akademisk avhandling för filosofie doktorsexamen i sociologi vid institutionen för sociologi och arbetsvetenskap, Göteborgs universitet, som med tillstånd av samhällsvetenskapliga fakultetsnämnden läggs fram fredagen den 14 juni 2013 kl. 10.15 i sal 10, universitetsbyggnaden, Vasaparken.</p>

<p>People are creators of their own acts. That is a premise of this thesis. Social contexts offer action alternatives but given their individuality people, to various extents, put the set of alternatives into question, re-shape them and make them into theirs. What people do in their everyday life has political significance. The theories that frame this work focus on how people reappropriate culture and in so doing bring forth infinitesimal changes in society.</p><p>I have interviewed seven young women in Beirut who take action to get to do what they desire. Given their social conditions and individuality they find different ways around the prohibitions that they are facing. Organized independently and within networks of foremost relatives they find their ways. They negotiate with family and community, make allies and create paths to 'forbidden' spaces. They seize opportunities and increase their space for a day, night or occasion. Then they accord their life to the surrounding's restrictions – until opportunity strikes again. The women also create an imaginary space where they are ruling queens. From there they tell the surrounding to shut up and fuck off, in there they hope, smile and fall in love.</p><p>The thesis then goes on to discuss the socio-political effects of young women's spacing practices. When the women do what they desire they enter, what they claim are, forbidden spaces. Their entry appears to be a threatening force; it diminishes gaps between the 'allowed' and the 'unacceptable' and between the 'good' and 'bad' girl- and womanhood. These practices, sprung from the daily life, challenge the surrounding and young women's spacing is thereby a micro-political phenomenon with subversive potential.</p>

This article explores the role of financial intelligence in the context of intelligence studies. Reviewing relevant literature, the field of intelligence studies is divided into a public, and a private sphere, which is directly related to businesses and organizations. Consequently, this context is clarified before financial intelligence could be placed in a theoretical framework and further defined in a content-related way. The recent lack of a useful definition, that addresses several aspects, was emphasized by providing an appropriate explanation of financial intelligence. For illustration purposes, a link to the theory on organizational power (bases of power) is made to show how organizational power can be promoted by financial intelligence. Thus, financially intelligent individuals have good opportunities to increase their expert power and informational power for example. In fact, it is advantageous for both individuals and organizations. Within our line of argumentation, we assume that financial intelligence is a good source for power, because finance in general is recognized as essential for organizations and business success. In a nutshell, there are good reasons for focusing financial intelligence in future studies and in practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Talita Alcala Vinagre.pdf: 64360864 bytes, checksum: b48d4ba34266505e5270a51acfe85053 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Is there a political power in dance? The present research focuses on this question. Crossing the boundaries between body, dance and politics, however, created a demand to investigate how politics can be exerted in a variety of means. Following the compositional paths of dance artist Marta Soares was the key to situating dance in its political potency. The lines that traverse her dance practice go beyond the traditional relationship between politics and the law, institutions and contracts all of which constitute the problematic of the sovereignty. The potency of dance was then taken as an opening of the body. An opening to the multiple contaminations that drag it beyond the territories understood by the Subject. The dance of Marta Soares utilizes the tensions of the efficient body and the virtuosic movement belonging to most dance techniques in order to create a tension in the practice of political participation and democracy, practices that have become immobilized in the State. The study of the lines composing the aesthetic field of this dance artist proposes to emphasize and affirm movement no longer as dislocation of the body in space as in the traditional sense of choreography but rather to affirm movement as a means for composing art and life. Dancing appears then as a composition for new ways of life, freer and more exuberant ways that can transform the body into a passage, rather than a starting or endpoint for movement / Existe uma potência política da dança? Sobre este questionamento se desenvolve a presente pesquisa. Entrecruzar corpo, dança e política demandou, no entanto, assinalar como a política se exerce de diferentes maneiras. A aproximação aos traçados compositivos da bailarina Marta Soares propiciou situar aqui a dança em sua potência política. Algumas linhas de força que atravessam sua prática de dança foram tomadas a partir de uma relação com a política que extravasa a relação tradicional com a lei, com a instituição e com o contrato, tal como se constitui em torno do problema do Soberano. A potência da dança foi tomada como uma abertura do corpo. Abertura aos contágios múltiplos que o arrastam para fora dos territórios conhecidos pelo Sujeito. A dança de Marta Soares ao problematizar o corpo eficiente e o movimento virtuoso de algumas técnicas de dança propiciou tencionar, nesta pesquisa as práticas de participação política e democrática que se imobilizam no Estado. O estudo de algumas linhas que compõem o campo estético dessa bailarina pretende ressaltar e afirmar o movimento não mais como deslocamento do corpo no espaço como no sentido tradicional de uma coreografia -, mas, sobretudo, o movimento como maneira de compor arte e vida. Dançar sinaliza então para uma prática de corpo e de pensamento inauditas, em uma composição com novos modos de vida, mais livres e exuberantes e que fazem do corpo, mais uma passagem do que um ponto de partida ou de chegada para o movimento

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Talita Alcala Vinagre.pdf: 64360864 bytes, checksum: b48d4ba34266505e5270a51acfe85053 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Is there a political power in dance? The present research focuses on this question. Crossing the boundaries between body, dance and politics, however, created a demand to investigate how politics can be exerted in a variety of means. Following the compositional paths of dance artist Marta Soares was the key to situating dance in its political potency. The lines that traverse her dance practice go beyond the traditional relationship between politics and the law, institutions and contracts all of which constitute the problematic of the sovereignty. The potency of dance was then taken as an opening of the body. An opening to the multiple contaminations that drag it beyond the territories understood by the Subject. The dance of Marta Soares utilizes the tensions of the efficient body and the virtuosic movement belonging to most dance techniques in order to create a tension in the practice of political participation and democracy, practices that have become immobilized in the State. The study of the lines composing the aesthetic field of this dance artist proposes to emphasize and affirm movement no longer as dislocation of the body in space as in the traditional sense of choreography but rather to affirm movement as a means for composing art and life. Dancing appears then as a composition for new ways of life, freer and more exuberant ways that can transform the body into a passage, rather than a starting or endpoint for movement / Existe uma potência política da dança? Sobre este questionamento se desenvolve a presente pesquisa. Entrecruzar corpo, dança e política demandou, no entanto, assinalar como a política se exerce de diferentes maneiras. A aproximação aos traçados compositivos da bailarina Marta Soares propiciou situar aqui a dança em sua potência política. Algumas linhas de força que atravessam sua prática de dança foram tomadas a partir de uma relação com a política que extravasa a relação tradicional com a lei, com a instituição e com o contrato, tal como se constitui em torno do problema do Soberano. A potência da dança foi tomada como uma abertura do corpo. Abertura aos contágios múltiplos que o arrastam para fora dos territórios conhecidos pelo Sujeito. A dança de Marta Soares ao problematizar o corpo eficiente e o movimento virtuoso de algumas técnicas de dança propiciou tencionar, nesta pesquisa as práticas de participação política e democrática que se imobilizam no Estado. O estudo de algumas linhas que compõem o campo estético dessa bailarina pretende ressaltar e afirmar o movimento não mais como deslocamento do corpo no espaço como no sentido tradicional de uma coreografia -, mas, sobretudo, o movimento como maneira de compor arte e vida. Dançar sinaliza então para uma prática de corpo e de pensamento inauditas, em uma composição com novos modos de vida, mais livres e exuberantes e que fazem do corpo, mais uma passagem do que um ponto de partida ou de chegada para o movimento

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luisa Magoulas de Castro Duarte.pdf: 13581082 bytes, checksum: f2113f824b422c785bfcad07411f746d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-19 / The target of this dissertation is to gather a portion of visual arts production of the years 2000 and think it under the light of contemporary temporality, marked by the eclipse of utopias. After that, the work tries to emphasize its relations with the notions of the present, micro-politics and possibility, in contraposition to a modernity marked by the notions of future, impossible and macro. Analyzing the body of questions, the intention is to think how art reacts to a contemporary world situation, making us look at this same world in a different manner / O objetivo da dissertação é analisar uma parcela da produção em artes visuais dos anos 2000 e pensá-la à luz da temporalidade contemporânea, marcada pelo eclipse das utopias. A partir disso, buscou-se ressaltar as suas relações com as noções de presente, micro-política e possível, em contraposição a uma modernidade marcada pelas noções de futuro, utopia, impossível e macro. Ao analisar este corpo de questões se pretendeu pensar como a arte reage a uma situação de mundo contemporânea, nos fazendo olhar este mesmo mundo de maneira diferente

Among ongoing concerns for firms is the need to remain relevant and competitive. To address these concerns, firms often turn to technology to meet rapidly changing consumer demands, to provide differentiated offerings and to increase firm efficiency and productivity. Thus, the decision-making process that leads to the adoption of new technology is of great importance to marketers. Grounded in the resource-based view of the firm, this dissertation examines absorptive capacity and technological opportunism as firm dynamic capabilities and their role in delivering successful, firm-level technology adoption decisions. This research also examines the moderating role of internal micro-politics on the technology adoption process. With a qualitative and quantitative approach, this dissertation develops and tests an empirical model of the firm-level adoption decision process and its outcomes. Theoretical and empirical evidence provided by this research offers insights into the firm-level technology adoption process that should be of value to both researchers and practitioners. Analyses show that firm absorptive capacity and technological opportunism are instrumental in shaping the firm’s perceptions of a transformational technology, which in turn positively influences overall satisfaction with the adopted technology. In contrast to theoretical support, results also show that the positive relationship between a firm’s dynamic capabilities and its perceptions of a technology’s characteristics is negatively influenced by the presence of micro-political strategies used to garner internal buy-in and support for the technology adoption decision. These findings indicate marketers of technology should utilize this knowledge to guide client firms through the technology adoption process based on evaluations of the client firm’s level of dynamic capabilities and micro-political environment. Further, managers seeking to enhance product or service offerings through technology adoption should seek to develop their dynamic capabilities that inform adoption decisions. Additionally, managers should carefully manage stakeholder relationships to minimize any negative influence micro-political strategies may have on the decision-making process. Study limitations and areas of future research are also discussed.

<p>Objektet för min studie är Pow-Wow, en grupp som arbetar mot rasism och mobbning på en svensk grundskola. Syftet med uppsatsen är att genom en kvalitativ undersökning titta närmare på hur Pow-Wow, har startats, genomförts och utvecklats. Utgångspunkten är att liknande grupper som arbetar mot rasism är sällsynta i svenska skolor. Därför är det speciellt intressant att titta närmare på hur det kommer sig att Pow-Wow startades på skolan och varför verksamheten har kunnat överleva så länge. </p><p>För att kunna besvara dessa frågor har jag intervjuat skolans nuvarande rektor, skolans före detta rektor, de två lärare som arbetar med Pow-Wow och en elev som var med under Pow-Wows första år. Vid analysen av intervjuerna har jag använt mig av ett mikropolitiskt perspektiv som ser på skolan som en organisation där maktkamp och konflikter mellan olika grupper och individer ständigt pågår. </p><p>De två faktorer som i störst utsträckning påverkar Pow-Wow är dels Kajsa och Bengt, de två eldsjälarna som driver verksamheten och dels att Pow-Wow, medvetet eller omedvetet, undviker att försöka förändra skolan och därigenom undviker att hamna i konflikter.</p>

In der hier vorliegenden Dissertation wurden anhand einer empirischen Fallstudie die Entscheidungs- und Aushandlungsprozesse zwischen Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer in IT-Projekten analysiert und auf diesem Wege die Handlungszwänge des Projektmanagements beleuchtet. Damit sollte ein Beitrag zum näheren Verständnis der Eigendynamik von IT-Projekten und zur Wirkungsweise der gängigen Ansätze von Projektmanagement und QM geleistet werden. In dieser Arbeit wurden IT-Projekte und die Empfehlungen zum Projektmanagement aus politik- und organisationstheoretischer Perspektive beleuchtet, um Effekte begrenzter Rationalität, opportunistischen Verhalten und Inkrementalismus mit berücksichtigen zu können. Theoretische Ausgangspunkte für die Untersuchung sind auf der einen Seite die mikropolitischen Ansätze und auf der anderen Seite die Agenturtheorie. Gemeinsam ist diesen Ansätzen, die Auffassung, wonach das Handeln der Akteure in ergebnisoffenen, interdependenten Handlungskonstellationen stattfindet, in denen die Auswirkungen von Entscheidungen wenig bekannt sind und die benötigten Informationen den Akteuren in unterschiedlichem Maße zur Verfügung stehen. Bezüglich der Empfehlungen des Projektmanagements wurde auf Normen und Richtlinien sowie die Einführungs- und Praxisliteratur zum Projekt- und Qualitätsmanagement und zur Verwaltungs- und Organisationsberatung Bezug genommen. Die Fallstudie bezieht sich auf ein Realisierungsprojekt zur Einführung eines Personalmanagementsystems in einem Ministerium und seinen nachgeordneten Behörden. Das Projekt fand im Rahmen eines umfassenden Modernisierungsprogramms nach dem NSM statt und legte erstmals einen Schwerpunkt auf das Personalmanagement. Das Vorhaben war ursprünglich in drei Phasen von jeweils einem Jahr Laufzeit geplant. Mit der Realisierung wurde ein Konsortium aus drei Firmen beauftragt. Die Studie bezieht sich auf die erste der drei Phasen der Systemeinführung, die Pilotierungsphase in drei Pilotbehörden. Diese Phase beanspruchte insgesamt zwei Jahre und acht Monate und hatte damit ein Jahr und acht Monate Verspätung vor allem wegen wechselnden Ziel- und Aufgabenstellungen durch das Ministerium und aufgrund interner Steuerungsdefizite und Entscheidungsblockaden auf beiden Seiten. Die Entwicklung einer Schnittstelle in die Personalabrechnung wurde erfolglos abgebrochen. Hauptergebnis der Arbeit ist, dass die Anwendung von Methoden und Instrumenten, die in den Projektmanagement-Leitfäden bereitgestellt werden, stets den jeweils individuellen Interessen der Akteure unterliegen und als Bausteine der akteursspezifischen Strategien fungieren. Dabei führen insbesondere Strategien der Unsicherheitsabsorption, die auf die gegenseitige Kontrolle von Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer hinauslaufen, zu unproduktiven, sich selbst verstärkende Blockadezyklen („Circuli vitiosi“), aus denen die Akteure nur durch Strategiewechsel ausbrechen können. Zwischen Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer besteht eine strukturelle Informationsasymmetrie, weil der Auftragnehmer über die fachlichen-technischen Aspekte und über den aktuellen Projektstand besser informiert ist als der Auftraggeber. Gleichzeitig besteht jedoch auch eine entgegen gesetzte Entscheidungsasymmetrie, bei der der Auftraggeber formale Entscheidungsbefugnisse an sich ziehen kann und im Konfliktfall über das größere Drohpotenzial verfügt. Diese wird durch die Rechtsform des Werkvertrags verstärkt. Die Leitfäden des Projektmanagements werden hierbei zwar angewendet, doch die Anwendung beschränkt sich auf fachlich-operative Aspekte der Projektdurchführung, in denen die Empfehlungen einen hinreichenden Konkretisierungsgrad erreicht haben. Nur unzureichend umgesetzt werden jedoch die Empfehlungen zu politisch-strategischen Problemen, deren Anwendung entweder einen komplexen strategischen Entscheidungsprozess erfordert oder zwischen den Vertragsparteien strittig ist. Als äußerst kritisch lässt sich vor allem der Umgang mit dem Leistungsumfang im Projektverlauf bezeichnen, die von Seiten des Auftraggebers häufig im Projektverlauf verändert wird. Hier kollidiert das Gebot der Unabänderlichkeit der Leistungsbeschreibung mit den vitalen Interessen des Auftraggebers, und es zeigt sich anhand der Fallstudie, dass die vertrauensvolle Zusammenarbeit beider Vertragsparteien nötig ist, um zu eine befriedigenden Lösung zu gelangen. Gelingt dies nicht, so kann das Projekt nur mit Hilfe so genannter starker Ideologien wie dem NSM in einer Art Krisenmanagement fortgeführt werden, bedarf aber dann der strategischen Neuorientierung z.B. in Form von Personalwechsel oder Reorganisationen. Im Fallstudienprojekt hat sich herausgestellt, dass, eine Analyse der spezifischen Akteursstrategien (Policy-Analyse) den Akteuren helfen kann, die Ausgangskonstellationen besser zu verstehen und die eigene Strategie auf ihre Konsens- oder Durchsetzungsfähigkeit hin zu justieren. Hier halten die Leitfäden zum Projektmanagement jedoch keine befriedigenden Handlungsanweisungen bereit. / In the here available thesis on the basis of an empirical case study the decision making processes between clients and contractor in IT-projects were analyzed and in this way the compulsions to act of the project management were lit up. Thus a contribution should be made to the closer understanding of the self-dynamics of IT-projects and to the impact of the usual beginnings of project management and quality management. In this work IT-projects and the recommendations regarding the project management were lit up out of politics-scientifically and organization-theoretical perspective, in order to be able to consider effects of limited rationality, opportunistic behaviour and incrementalism. Theoretical starting points for the investigation are on the one side the micro-political approaches and on the other side the agency theory. These approaches have the conception in common according to which acting of the participants takes place in result-open, interdependent action constellations, in which the effects of decisions are few known and the needed information is available to the participants in different degree. Concerning the recommendations of the project management on standards and guidelines as well as the introduction and practice literature to the project and quality management and for the administrative and system information purchase was taken. The case study refers to a realization project for the introduction of a personnel management system in a Ministry and its subordinate authorities. The project took place in the context of a comprehensive modernization program according to the New Public Management and put for the first time an emphasis on the personnel management. The project was originally planned by in three phases in each case one year running time. The realization a consortium of three companies was assigned. The study refers to first of the three phases of the system introduction, the pilot phase with three pilot authorities. This phase lasted altogether two years and eight months and had thereby one year and eight months delay particularly because of changing a setting of tasks and goal by the Ministry and due to internal control deficits and decision blockades on both sides. The development of an interface into the personnel account was unsuccessfully cancelled. Main result of the work is that the use of methods and instruments, which are made available in the project management manuals, are always subject to the individual interests of the participants and the participant-specific strategies. Thereby particular strategies of the uncertainty absorption, which come down to mutual control of client and contractor, lead to unproductive, intensifying blockade cycles („Circuli vitiosi “), of which the participants can break out only by changes of strategy. Between clients and contractors a structural information asymmetry exists, because the contractor is better informed about the technical-technical aspects and about the current project conditions than the client. At the same time however also a contrarious decision asymmetry exists, with that the client can accroach formal powers of decision making and has the larger threat potential available in the conflict situation. This is strengthened by the legal form of the fixed price contract. The manuals of the project management are here used, but application is limited to technical-operational aspects of the implementation of the project, in which the recommendations achieved a sufficient concretisation degree. However the recommendations are only insufficiently applied regarding politico strategic problems, whose application either require a complex strategic decision-making process or is contentious between the Contracting Parties. Extremely critical is above all designated the handling of the scope definition within the project course, which is changed by the client frequently in the course of the project. Here the requirement of the unalterability of the performance specification collides with the vital interests of the client, and it shows up on the basis the case study that the trusting co-operation of both Contracting Parties is necessary, in order to arrive at a satisfying solution. If this does not succeed, then the project can be continued only with the help of strong ideologies such as the New Public Management in a kind of crisis management, it requires however then the strategic re-orientation e.g. in the form of personnel change or reorganizations. In the case study project it turned out that, an analysis of the specific participant strategies (Policy analysis) can help the participants to understand the output constellations better and to adjust the own strategy on its penetration ability or consent. Here the manuals hold no satisfying procedural instructions ready to the project management however.