The purpose of this study was to examine the support provided to people bereaved by homicide through semi structured interviews. Furthermore the purpose was to examine if support was lacking and how it can develop. Nine people of ages 20 to 65 was interviewed, who had all lost a relative to homicide. The interviews were coded based on a qualitative content analysis which resulted in the main categories information, competence, practical support, emotional support and justice. The categories where analyzed in relations to the theory about the ideal victim and the concepts social support and secondary victimization. Several aspects of support was found to be lacking, of which the most relevant was found to be lack of information. Conclusions were drawn in regards to development of support, which included a proposal of making a handbook with information regarding the criminal justice system and how and where bereaved can apply for support. Furthermore, a proposal was made to provide the bereaved with a coordinator for support in practical matters, and to put the bereaved in contact with competent health care professionals.

Försiktighetsåtgärder vidtagna av gärningspersonen efter att ett mord har undersökts i begränsad utsträckning. Internationell forskning på området indikerar att förövare och offers relation samt vilken typ av våld som tillfogas vid gärningstillfället kan hänga samman med huruvida försiktighetsåtgärder vidtas eller inte. Föreliggande studie syftar att undersöka skillnaden mellan partnerrelaterade och icke-partnerrelaterade mord gällande försiktighetsåtgärder som vidtagits efter brottet. Fortsättningsvis syftade studien att undersöka om försiktighetsåtgärder efter mordet kan förklaras av en interaktionseffekt mellan förövaren och offrets relation samt typ av våld. För att undersöka detta granskades 166 domar varav de partnerrelaterade morden bestod av 61 domar (37%) och de icke-partnerrelaterade morden bestod av 105 domar (63%). Resultatet visade att det inte föreligger en signifikant skillnad mellan partnerrelaterade och icke-partnerrelaterade mord gällande förekomst eller omfattning av försiktighetsåtgärder. Däremot fanns det signifikanta skillnader mellan grupperna beroende på vilken typ av försiktighetsåtgärd som vidtas, om det är crime scene staging eller andra försiktighetsåtgärder. Resultatet visade även att det inte föreligger en interaktionseffekt mellan förövaren och offrets relation samt typ av våld. Mer forskning på området krävs för att kunna uttala sig om det föreligger en interaktionseffekt mellan partnerrelaterade och icke-partnerrelaterade mord samt typ av våld gällande försiktighetsåtgärder som vidtas efter brottet. / Precautionary acts that the perpetrator performs after the homicide have been investigated to a limited extent. International research shows that the perpetrator and victim’s relation, with type of deadly violence that is inflicted to the victim have a connection whether precautionary acts are performed or not. The present study aimed to examine the differences of precautionary acts in intimate partner homicide [IPH] and non-intimate partner homicide [NIPH]. Furthermore the aim was to investigate if the precautionary acts performed after the homicide could be explained by an interaction effect between the perpetrator and victims relation and type of deadly violence. There were 166 verdicts examined in this study, whereof 61 (37%) concerned the IPH group and 105 (63%) concerned the NIPH group. The results show that there was no significant difference between IPH and NIPH in terms of occurrence and extent of precautionary acts. On the contrary, there was a significant difference regarding what type of precautionary act that was performed, whether it was crime scene staging or other types of precautionary acts. The result also showed that it did not occur an interaction effect between the perpetrator and victim relation and type of violence that can explain the variance in precautionary acts. Further research is required to observe if there is an interaction between IPH and NIPH and type of violence regarding precautionary acts.

No description available.

This diploma thesis A Gender Analysis of Selected Novels of Miloš Urban researches two concrete literary texts, novels Sedmikostelí and Lord Mord, which are analysed from gender perspective. By using two methods, feminist "resisting reading" and discursive analysis, there are uncovered various ways of female's characters construction, which are put in the social and cultural context. Theoretically the work is patterned on Judith Fetterley's concept, which was created during second wave of feminism, and it is connected to new poststructuralist and deconstructivist approaches. In this theses literature is perceived as space of impressing and encountering different discourses. Senses, categories and relations, incuding gender relations, are deconstructed in this space. This theses's core is the analysis of different categories and forms of femininity, which are reproduced in Urban's texts. It tries to show the possibility to read literary text "against the hair" and to not succumb to its interpellations. In this way it stresses personality of reading individual and his/her ability to complete/reshape text during every single process of reading and to produce new senses and categories. Keywords: feminism, gender analysis, Lord Mord, Sedmikostelí, Urban Miloš, resisting reading, women characters

I Sverige mördas 17 kvinnor om året av en man de är eller nyligen har varit i intimt förhållande med. Det innebär en kvinna var tredje vecka. Omständigheterna är oftast de samma. Separation, med kvinnan som drivande part. Mannen de lämnar är svartsjuk och av kontrollerande typ. Han har i situationen nästan alltid tydligt uttalade självmordstankar. Kvinnorna har vanligen sökt hjälp och i en del av fallen har man misslyckat med att identifiera deras riskfyllda situation. Genom att finna gemensamma nämnare hos kvinnorna eller i deras direkta närhet, kanske det går att förbättra riskbedömningen som görs när hon söker hjälp eller anmäler en utsatthet? Underlaget till arbetet består av domstolshandlingar och förundersökningar. Teoretiskt kan man titta åt både kriminologiska och sociologiska teorier. Genom kvalitativ systematisk dokumentanalys av nämnt material har en del resultat framkommit; storleken på kvinnan, hennes personlighet samt hennes ekonomiska situation. Vidare och för framtida forskning framkommer olika aspekter kring hur skyddsåtgärder för kvinnan fungerar. Eftersom grunden till resultaten i denna uppsats vilar på relativt få fall vore det även av intresse att göra samma arbete på större mängd material för att se om resultatens styrka håller eller försvagas, samt om det framkommer flera resultat. Intimt partnermord är ett signifikant problem som påverkar både individer och samhälle. 17 offer, 17 långtidsinkapaciterade män och ett ännu större antal barn som utan skuld tillskrivs ett livslångt lidande med konsekvenser för deras framtid, hälsa och välmående. / In Sweden, 17 women are murdered each year by a man they are or recently have been in an intimate relationship with. That means one woman every third week. The circumstances usually resemble. Separation initiated by the woman. The man she is leaving is most often a jealous and controlling type. He has clearly expressed suicidal thoughts, caused by the situation. A larger number of the murdered women did seek help, and in some of the cases authorities has been unsuccessful in identifying the risk situation. Perhaps one could improve the risk assessment done when she is seeking help or reporting vulnerability by finding common factors among the women or in their immediate surrounding? The source of information is court records and criminal investigations. Theoretically, one can look at both criminological and sociological theories. Through qualitative systematic document analysis of this material some findings emerged; the actual size of the woman, her personality and her financial situation. Furthermore, for future research, it reveals various aspects of the protective measures taken to keep the woman safe. Since the basis of the results in this paper rests on relatively few cases, it would be interesting to work with a larger amount of material. This could reveal if the results held their strength or weakened, and if there was more to be found. Intimate partner murder is a significant problem that affects both individuals and society. 17 victims, 17 men incapacitated for a long time and an even larger number of children that without guilt are attributed with a lifetime of suffering including a huge impact on their future health and wellbeing.

The aim of the study was to examine how two young female victims was represented in Swedish commercial news press, if and how their relations to the perpetrator would affect their representation and what similarities and differences there were in the representation between the two. We examined the coverage of Lisa Holm, who was murdered by a stranger, and Tova Moberg, who was murdered by her abusing ex- boyfriend. The method used was a critical discourse analysis. We searched for different discourse themes in a total of twelve news articles from Aftonbladet and Expressen. We analyzed the themes and came to the conclusion that the murder victims were represented very much alike, well-liked, ambitious and good-hearted. The main difference is that Tova Moberg was not represented as innocent as Lisa Holm by the journalism because of her relationship with her ex-boyfriend. The journalism partly blamed Tova Moberg for not preventing her own death since she was aware of the danger. We found that as soon as any kind of relations between the victim and perpetrator was mentioned the victim’s status as an ideal victim decreased.

Under item response theory, three types of limited information goodness-of-fit test statistics – M2, Mord, and C2 – have been proposed to assess model-data fit when data are sparse. However, the evaluation of the performance of these GOF statistics under multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) models with polytomous data is limited. The current study showed that M2 and C2 were well-calibrated under true model conditions and were powerful under misspecified model conditions. Mord were not well-calibrated when the number of response categories was more than three. RMSEA2 and RMSEAC2 are good tools to evaluate approximate fit. The second study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Religious Commitment Inventory-10 (RCI-10; Worthington et al., 2003) within the IRT framework and estimate C2 and its RMSEA to assess global model-fit. Results showed that the RCI-10 was best represented by a bifactor model. The scores from the RCI-10 could be scored as unidimensional notwithstanding the presence of multidimensionality. Two-factor correlational solution should not be used. Study two also showed that religious commitment is a risk factor of intimate partner violence, whereas spirituality was a protecting factor from the violence. More alcohol was related with more abusive behaviors. Implications of the two studies were discussed.

No description available.

Statistiskt sett är våldsbrott ett manligt fenomen. Detta leder – logiskt nog – till att medias bevakning av brott ofta beskriver manliga förövare. Ett resultat av detta är bristande studier kring kvinnliga gärningspersoner: Hur representeras kvinnliga brottslingar? Finns där en skillnad i rapporteringens representation när en man begår liknande brott? Om så – varför? Genom en kvalitativ textanalys har vi studerat kvällstidningen Aftonbladets rapportering av två fall: 1. Styckmordet i Askersund, 2014. 2. Styckmordet i Boden, 2013. I Askersund-fallet är både förövare och offer kvinnor, medan i Boden-fallet är förövaren man och offret kvinna. Detta ger oss en möjlighet att se om representationen i fallen skiljer sig åt. För att finna dessa skillnader genomför vi en kritisk diskursanalys (CDA) med hjälp av semiotiska begrepp. Efter utförd CDA, tillämpar vi Jack Lules teori om traditionella myter inom journalistiken, för att se om skillnaderna kan kopplas till någon av Lules arketyper, eller förklaras genom genusteori knuten till medial representation. Sett till fallen, hittade vi flertalet skillnader i hur förövarna representerades. Jonna Henningsson, förövaren i Askersund-fallet, representeras som en farlig, oförutsägbar mördare, medan Kristoffer Johansson, förövaren i Boden-fallet, inte alls får samma utrymme eller betoning av någon av hans personliga attribut. Istället fokuserar rapporteringen i Boden-fallet på hans offer – Vatchareeya Bangsuan. Eftersom de båda fallen är snarlika i alla aspekter förutom förövarens kön, drar vi slutsatsen att denna skillnad springer ur konventionen att kvinnor inte mördar, och om de gör det så skapar det en fascination. Om män mördar, däremot, är det inom ramen för manligt beteende och därmed inte av samma nyhetsvärde, vilket leder till ett fokus på det kvinnliga offret. / Statistically, crimes of violence are predominantly a male phenomenon, leading to the media coverage of crimes such as manslaughter and homicide – and the media studies based on the reports – often portrays a male perpetrator. A logical result of this is a lack of studies regarding female crime offenders: How does the media represent female culprits? Does the representation differ from reports of a man committing a similar crime? If so – Why? Through a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), we have studied the newspaper Aftonbladets coverage of two murder cases: 1. The killing and dismemberment of Lovisa Lindh in Askersund, 2014. 2. The killing and dismemberment of Vatchareeya Bangsuan in Boden, 2013. The Askersund case has a female perpetrator and victim, while the Boden case has a male perpetrator and a female victim. This gives us an opportunity to study if – and how – the representation in each case differs from one another. To locate eventual differences, we are performing a CDA using semiotic concepts. Then, we seek to apply Jack Lules theories of traditional myths in journalism, along with medial gender studies – to see if these differences may be connected to any of Lules stated archetypes, or to be explained by gender conventions of our culture. Looking at the cases, we found plenty of differences on how the two perpetrators were represented. Jonna Henningsson, the perpetrator in the Askersund case, is represented as a dangerously unpredictable murderer. Kristoffer Johansson, the perpetrator in the Boden case, does not at all get the same amount of coverage or emphasis on any of his personal traits. Instead, the Boden case reports are heavily revolving around his female victim – Vatchareeya Bangsuan. Since the cases are much alike in every other aspect but the perpetrators gender, we draw the conclusion that this difference hails from the established convention that women does not kill, and if they do – it creates a fascination. If men do – it’s somewhat along the lines of male behavior and therefore not nearly as newsworthy, leaving the journalists to focus on the female victim.

Pierre Bourdieu (2000) skrev om det smala och det breda litterära fältet och menade att det anses vara prestigefyllt att tillhöra det förra. Ju mindre kvantitet författare säljer, desto mer status får de. Kerstin Ekman debuterade med en genrekonventionell deckare och bör- jade således med att tillhöra det breda fältet. Idag är hon invald i Svenska Akademien, har skrivit flera prisbelönta böcker och är känd för sina målande naturbeskrivningar. Syftet med den aktuella undersökningen är att synliggöra eventuella skillnader eller likheter i bildspråk mellan två av Ekmans böcker, en från respektive fält. Undersökningen bygger på Metaphor Identification Process Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU), en metod för att identifiera stiltermerna metaforer, liknelser, metonymier och personifie- ringar. Analysen görs på utvalda sekvenser av tematiskt samhöriga scener i Kerstin Ek- mans böcker 30 meter mord (1959) och Händelser vid vatten (1993). Resultatet visar att det totala antalet metaforer är marginellt fler i Händelser vid vatten som också innehåller fler liknelser. Dessutom är en större andel metaforer originella i Händelser vid vatten än i 30 meter mord. Vidare pekar resultatet mot att bildspråket med avseende på flertalet undersökta stiltermer är mer komplext i Händelser vid vatten. Undersökningen är kvalitativ vilket medför att det inte går att dra några generella slutsat- ser om hur bildspråket skiljer sig åt mellan böcker från de olika fälten. Det går inte heller att utifrån vår undersökning säga att de aktuella böckernas klassificering enbart beror på de skillnader i bildspråket som synliggörs genom MIPVU, eftersom även andra aspekter kan ha påverkat böckernas uppdelning på de två fälten.