Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-10-19T16:21:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ComposicoesEsteticasSchiller.pdf: 866847 bytes, checksum: 072b983780e64384e1ddfe7604feeb44 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-12-13T17:27:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ComposicoesEsteticasSchiller.pdf: 866847 bytes, checksum: 072b983780e64384e1ddfe7604feeb44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-13T17:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ComposicoesEsteticasSchiller.pdf: 866847 bytes, checksum: 072b983780e64384e1ddfe7604feeb44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Quando se fala em estética qual a primeira imagem que nos vem à mente? A cada pessoa que se faça essa pergunta poderemos ter uma resposta diversa, tamanha a plasticidade do termo. Diante desta plasticidade, a presente investigação tem como ponto principal discutir o papel da estética na formação humana, tecendo um interlúdio composicional entre alguns aspectos de duas insignes teorias filosóficas que cotejam a importância da arte e a formação humana do ponto de vista estético, a saber, a perspectiva estética de Friedrich Von Schiller contidas mormente em suas obras A educação estética do homem numa série de cartas e Poesia ingênua e sentimental, bem como a teoria estética de Friedrich Nietzsche diluída em obras como O nascimento da tragédia, A filosofia na época trágica dos gregos e Humano, demasiado humano. O debate a ser suscitado entre esses pensadores e suas perspectivas estéticas perpassará suas principais concepções acerca da estética, tentando vislumbrar em que pontos tais teorias filosóficas se encontram, para uma possível visualização da estética como elemento amalgamado às práticas formativas. Diante disso, e tomando a estética como pedra angular da formação plena do ser humano, esteio que foi soterrado, cumpre-nos a tarefa de relevar o seu valor formativo na educação. Pelo prisma sensível destes pensadores, veremos o feixe de luz que nos ajudará a refletir sobre de que maneiras a estética está amalgamada à educação, aqui entendida de modo amplo como formação. / When talking about aesthetics what is the first image that comes to mind? To each person we ask this question we may have a different answer, due to the plasticity of the term. In the face of this plasticity, the present research has as main point to discuss the role of aesthetics in human formation, weaving a compositional interlude between some aspects of two philosophical theories that compare the importance of art and human formation from the aesthetic point of view, namely, the aesthetic of Friedrich von Schiller presented mainly in his works Letters Upon The Aesthetic Education of Man and Naive and sentimental Poetry, as well as the aesthetic theory of Friedrich Nietzsche diluted in works such as The Birth of Tragedy, Philosophy in the tragic age of the greeks and Human, all too human. The debate made between these thinkers and their aesthetic perspectives will cross their main conceptions about aesthetics, trying to glimpse at what points these philosophical theories are, for a possible visualization of aesthetics as an element amalgamated to the formative practices. Faced with this, and taking the aesthetic as the cornerstone of the full formation of the human being, a pillar that has been buried, we have the task of emphasizing its formative value in education. Through the sensitive prism of these thinkers, we will see the beam of light that will help us reflect on how aesthetics is amalgamated into education, understood here broadly as formation.

Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2018-03-06T18:27:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_NietzschePessoaDialogo.pdf: 644103 bytes, checksum: a5ef1b2dc88af285ff359ff8656cbdc2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2018-03-12T14:35:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_NietzschePessoaDialogo.pdf: 644103 bytes, checksum: a5ef1b2dc88af285ff359ff8656cbdc2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-12T14:35:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_NietzschePessoaDialogo.pdf: 644103 bytes, checksum: a5ef1b2dc88af285ff359ff8656cbdc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo busca aproximar dois dos maiores críticos da modernidade, Nietzsche e Fernando Pessoa, a partir de temas que lhes são comuns e, em termos gerais, propõe um diálogo entre filosofia e arte, mais precisamente, entre filosofia e literatura. A partir da bibliografia consultada, podemos adiantar que Pessoa fora um nietzschiano involuntário que buscou na crítica à subjetividade, na compreensão metafórica da linguagem e na imagem da criança, a superação da metafísica. Por essa via, Nietzsche, numa perspectiva deleuziana, trabalhou com diversos personagens conceituais e, embora não de forma tão radical quanto Pessoa, pensou a partir de diversos heterônimos. / This study seeks to approximate two of the biggest critics of modernity, Nietzsche and Fernando Pessoa, from themes that are common to them and, in general terms, proposed a dialogue between philosophy and art, more precisely, between philosophy and literature. From the literature reviewed, we can say that Pessoa was an involuntary nietzschean who search for in the subjectivity criticism, in metaphorical language understanding and in the image of the child, the overcoming of metaphysics. In this way, Nietzsche, a deleuzian perspective, worked with several conceptual characters and, though not as radical as Pessoa form, thought from various heteronyms.

Submitted by Rosana Moreira (rosanapsm@outlook.com) on 2018-06-25T17:31:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Tensao_Proximidade_Distancia.pdf: 1412979 bytes, checksum: 803209afa65d150bd4d40ca9d2705893 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2018-08-09T16:24:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Tensao_Proximidade_Distancia.pdf: 1412979 bytes, checksum: 803209afa65d150bd4d40ca9d2705893 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T16:24:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Tensao_Proximidade_Distancia.pdf: 1412979 bytes, checksum: 803209afa65d150bd4d40ca9d2705893 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As reflexões sobre a proximidade e a distância ocorrem, principalmente, no segundo momento do pensamento de Nietzsche (1876 a 1882), na medida em que ele desenvolve, por volta de 1879, a ideia de “doutrina das coisas mais próximas”, e, alguns anos depois, em 1882, a noção de “distância artística”. Entretanto, neste período ele também critica a ideia de oposição, dado que este conceito alude a uma filosofia metafísica. Outro conceito encontrado na filosofia nietzschiana que expressaria também uma relação entre antagonismos é a ideia de tensão, que reflete uma maior dinamicidade. Sendo assim, o problema da presente pesquisa consiste na seguinte questão: seria possível qualificar a relação entre os conceitos de proximidade e distância, identificados em obras pertencentes ao segundo momento dos escritos de Nietzsche, como uma tensão, e não apenas uma oposição (em face da crítica do filósofo a esta ideia)? A partir deste problema geral, foram estabelecidos os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1. Delimitar a especificidade da tensão, principalmente a partir da comparação com os conceitos de oposição e antagonismo; 2. Caracterizar a proximidade através da ideia da “doutrina das coisas mais próximas” e de outras ideias afins, principalmente nos dois volumes de Humano, demasiado humano e em Aurora; 3. Encontrar vestígios do conceito de distância nos escritos nietzschianos, destacando-se A Gaia Ciência, obra que contém reflexões sobre a “distância artística”; 4. Justificar uma tensão entre os conceitos anteriores, identificando textos onde Nietzsche sugere esta relação (e não uma oposição) entre proximidade e distância. Desenvolveu-se estes quatro objetivos através de uma metodologia bibliográfica e histórico-filológico, atentando-se, principalmente, à análise dos escritos de Nietzsche no segundo momento de sua produção intelectual. Como um dos resultados da presente investigação, destaca-se aquele que aponta que a tensão entre proximidade e distância em Nietzsche é observada de forma mais intensa, primeiramente, no âmbito do conhecimento – em que o pensador precisa ora se aproximar do objeto, ora se distanciar da sua busca apaixonada pelo conhecimento – e, a seguir, na esfera da amizade – que difere de um simples “amor ao próximo” pois, em uma elevada amizade, o indivíduo é capaz, também, de se distanciar do seu amigo. / Reflections on proximity and distance occur mainly in the second moment of Nietzsche’s thinking (1876 to 1882), in so far as he developed, around 1879, the idea of “doctrine of the nearest things”, and, some years later, in 1882, the notion of “artistic distance”. However, in this period he also criticizes the idea of opposition, since this concept alludes to a metaphysical philosophy. Another concept found in Nietzschean philosophy that would also express a relation between antagonisms is the idea of tension, which reflects a greater dynamicity. Thus, the problem of the present research consists in the following question: could it be possible to characterize the relation between the concepts of proximity and distance, identified in works belonging to the second moment of Nietzsche’s writings, as a tension, and not only an opposition (in view of the philosopher’s criticism of this idea)? From this general problem, the following specific objectives were established: 1. To delimit the specificity of the tension, mainly from the comparison with the concepts of opposition and antagonism; 2. To characterize proximity through the idea of the “doctrine of nearest things” and other related ideas, especially in the two volumes of Human, all too human and in The Down; 3. Find traces of the concept of distance in the Nietzschean writings, highlighting The Gay Science, a work that contains reflections on “artistic distance”; 4. To justify a tension between the previous concepts, identifying texts where Nietzsche suggests this relation (and not an opposition) between proximity and distance. These four objectives were developed through a bibliographical and historical-philological methodology, focusing mainly on the analysis of Nietzsche’s writings at the second moment of his intellectual production. As one of the results of the present investigation, we highlight the one that points out that the tension between proximity and distance in Nietzsche is observed more intensely, first, in the scope of knowledge – in which the thinker needs, one moment, to approach the object, the next to distance himself from his passionate quest for knowledge – and then, in the sphere of friendship – which differs from a simple “love of neighbor”, for in a high friendship the individual is also capable of distancing himself from his friend.

Submitted by Rosana Moreira (rosanapsm@outlook.com) on 2018-07-31T19:56:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EscravosSelvagensLoucos.pdf: 867136 bytes, checksum: 8a1c6da6d72a9f9a9111a5ffff8b3988 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Borges (aline@ufpa.br) on 2018-08-27T17:42:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EscravosSelvagensLoucos.pdf: 867136 bytes, checksum: 8a1c6da6d72a9f9a9111a5ffff8b3988 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T17:42:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EscravosSelvagensLoucos.pdf: 867136 bytes, checksum: 8a1c6da6d72a9f9a9111a5ffff8b3988 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo é uma contribuição para a linha de pesquisa em epistemologia, especialmente a episteme educacional que dialoga com as teorias filosóficas. Seu objetivo geral é compreender o problema da educação (enquanto projeto civilizatório) como busca constante de assepsia, transcendência, evolução e superação da animalidade nos indivíduos. Seu objetivo específico é investigar três figuras da animalidade nas filosofias de Nietzsche e Foucault, a saber: o escravo, o selvagem e o louco. Para este propósito seguimos o método histórico-filosófico que procura reconstituir as fontes de leituras de ambos os filósofos e suas ressonâncias no debate atual. Em primeiro lugar, interpretamos o texto póstumo do jovem Nietzsche intitulado O Estado grego e algumas passagens Do governo dos vivos e O saber de Édipo de Foucault para expor o problema de como a democracia liberal dissimulou a vida escrava e de como a aleturgia grega desemboca na memória de escravos: ritual de verdade que indica a violenta relação entre saber, poder e animalidade trágica. Em segundo lugar, analisamos a figura do selvagem através da aproximação de algumas passagens de Humano, Demasiado Humano I com algumas constatações etnológicas de John Lubbock em sua obra clássica Origens da Civilização e a condição primitiva do homem e, posteriormente, a figura do filósofo cínico como selvagem, exposto em A coragem da verdade para, respectivamente, abordar a moralização da alma selvagem pelo ascetismo moderno e a relação entre ascese cínica e animalidade. Ainda nesta segunda parte da pesquisa, analisamos o fenômeno do cornarismo e dos aphrodisia: categorias que são abordadas em Crepúsculo dos Ídolos e História da sexualidade II: o uso dos prazeres e que tratam da relação problemática entre apetite e prazer, entre vício e animalidade. Finalmente, a terceira parte analisa a figura do louco e seu estatuto da animalidade, ora como figura de domesticação política nos delírios coletivos, chamado por Nietzsche em Além do bem e do mal como animal de rebanho, ora como experimento da liberdade patologizada na imagem do animal dócil e produtivo exposto em História da loucura. Nas três etapas investigativas desse estudo chegamos ao núcleo fundamental da tese que é explicitar a categoria da animalidade como fenômeno intimamente vinculado aos problemas entre vida escrava e vida democrática, entre natureza moral e prazeres vergonhosos, entre delírios de poder e bestialização do louco, ora como animal desviante, ora como experimento de animalidade na biopolítica. / This study is a contribution to the line of research in epistemology, especially the educational episteme that dialogues with philosophical theories. Its general objective is to understand the problem of education (as a civilization project) Its specific purpose is to investigate three figures of animality in the philosophies of Nietzsche‟s and Foucault‟s, namely, the slave, the savage and the madman. For this purpose we follow the historical-philosophical method that seeks to reconstitute the sources For this purpose we follow the historical-philosophical method that seeks to reconstitute the sources of readings of both philosophers and their resonances in the current debate. In the first place, we interpret the posthumous text of the young Nietzsche titled The Greek State and some passages From the Government of the Living and The knowledge of Oedipus of of how liberal democracy concealed the slave life and how the of how the Greek aleturgie ends in the memory of slaves: ritual of truth which indicates the violent relationship between knowledge, power and tragic animality.Secondly, we analyze the figure of the savage by approaching some passages of Human, Too Human I with some ethnological findings of John Lubbock in his classic work Origins of the Civilization and the primitive condition of the man and later the figure of the cynical philosopher as savage, set forth in The Courage of Truth for, respectively, to approach the moralization of the wild soul by modern asceticism and the relation between cynical asceticism and animality. Still in this second part of the research, we analyze the phenomenon of cornarism and aphrodisia: categories that are covered in Twilight of the Idols and History of Sexuality II: the use of pleasures and that deal with the problematic relationship between appetite and pleasure, between vice and animality. Finally, the third part analyzes the figure of the madman and his status of animality, now as a figure of political domestication in collective deliriums, called by Nietzsche in addition to good and evil as a herd animal, now as an experiment of freedom pathologized in the image of the docile and productive animal exposed in History of madness. In the three investigative steps of this study we arrive at the fundamental nucleus of the thesis that is to make explicit the category of animality as a phenomenon closely linked to the problems between slave life and democratic life, between moral nature and shameful pleasures, between delusions of power and bestiality of the madman, sometimes as a deviant animal, sometimes as an experiment of animality in biopolitics.

This dissertation draws on contemporary philosophical and sociological approaches to trust and engages them in a dialog with literary, poetological, and philosophical texts from the nineteenth century. In doing so it seeks to explore both what other disciplines have to offer to literary studies with regard to the interpretation of trust as a literary motif, as well as to show how literary texts evoke compelling scenarios in which the conceptual and semantic complexities of the phenomenon of trust take on theatrical, rhetorical, and narrative forms that can both illustrate and challenge sociological or philosophical claims. Close readings of texts by Ludwig Tieck, Heinrich von Kleist, Franz Grillparzer, and Friedrich Nietzsche offer new interpretations of canonical texts and discuss the relationship of trust to aesthetics, cultural memory, mythography, and performativity.

Nesta tese de doutorado, analisa-se o conceito de responsabilidade moral de uma perspectiva nietzscheana. A formulação nietzscheana do conceito de responsabilidade moral envolve um duplo aspecto: i) há um enfraquecimento da esfera de exigência da responsabilidade devido à influência dos instintos sobre as ações humanas e devido ao fato de o ser humano não se reconhecer como criador de seus próprios valores, apesar de criar conceitos morais e metafísicos que satisfaçam suas necessidades fisiológicas; e ii) há um fortalecimento e uma expansão do conceito de responsabilidade quando da constatação e da exigência de que o ser humano deve ser criador dos próprios valores. O conceito tradicional, ao contrário, elimina do debate filosófico o aspecto não-racional do ser e do saber humanos. Discute-se em que consiste e o que motivam tais diferenças. / In this thesis, we analyze the concept of moral responsibility from a nietzschean perspective. The nietzschean formulation of the concept of moral responsibility involves two aspects: i) a weakening of the sphere of exigency of responsibility due to the influence of instincts on human actions and because the human being fails to recognize himself as the creator of his own values and of moral and metaphysics concepts; and ii) a strengthening and an expansion of responsibility when there is an understanding and an exigency that the human being must be the creator of his own values. The traditional concept, on the contrary, eliminates from the philosophical debate the non-philosophical aspect of both the human being and knowledge. We discuss what constitutes and what triggers such differences.

Este trabalho é de natureza teórica e estuda a obra Moby-Dick, de Herman Melville, à luz da filosofia antimetafísica de Friedrich Nietzsche, mais especificamente como está concretizada em Sobre verdade e mentira em sentido extramoral e Crepúsculo dos ídolos. Demonstra-se que as indagações de fundo ontológico presentes na obra de Melville encontram resposta parcial na noção de impossibilidade metafísica do pensador alemão. Para tal demonstração, recorre-se, em primeiro lugar, a uma sistematização do pensamento de Nietzsche e, em segundo, a uma abordagem interpretativa e compreensiva do texto de Melville, acentuada por meio do diálogo com a filosofia do próprio Nietzsche e, alternativamente, de Heidegger. Em conformidade com Iser, a compreensão dos sentidos do texto literário aqui estudado é realizada pelo trabalho de interpretação e estabelecimento de sentidos perpetrado pelo leitor, seja na fixação do que está claramente dado no texto, seja na busca dos sentidos lacunares, não claramente formulados e verbalizados. / This is a theoretical work on Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick and its relation with the anti-metaphysical philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche as found especially in Twilight of the Idols and On Truth and Lie in an Extramoral Sense. It is shown that the ontological nature of Moby-Dick, the novel, finds a partial answer in the notion of metaphysical impossibility developed by the German philosopher. In order to accomplish this goal, a systematization of Nietzsche’s thought was made, so that an interpretative approach of the literary text could be carried out emphasizing a dialogue with his philosophy, and, alternatively, Heidegger’s. In compliance with Iser, this study takes into consideration the fact that comprehension is achieved through interpretation and what the reader is able to perceive in the literary text, either reinforcing what is already given there, or searching for what is unformulated and non-verbalized in it.

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-06-06T13:48:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_NietzscheGrandeEstilo.pdf: 1609285 bytes, checksum: 07b9a0f812163ab70676594acb73ddec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-06-12T12:47:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_NietzscheGrandeEstilo.pdf: 1609285 bytes, checksum: 07b9a0f812163ab70676594acb73ddec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T12:47:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_NietzscheGrandeEstilo.pdf: 1609285 bytes, checksum: 07b9a0f812163ab70676594acb73ddec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / FAPESPA - Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas / A noção de “grande estilo”, desenvolvida ao longo da vida produtiva de Nietzsche, será um elemento fundamental para os projetos de maturidade do filósofo, sobretudo, a transvaloração de todos os valores, objetivo maior da obra Crepúsculo dos Ídolos. Em uma situação de decadência da cultura moderna, diagnosticada pelo filósofo, ele convida a um “esforço de guerra”, uma luta a ser travada ante o que está posto: os valores da décadence. Nietzsche, assim, na maturidade, assume essa “missão” acenando para a possibilidade de uma saída do estado decadente e, nesta direção, aponta para determinados “tipos” de constituição “saudável”, “homens de força”, “robustos”, até mesmo “épocas, ambientes e culturas fortes”, todos formando indicativos importantes para a fundamentação da noção de “grande estilo”. Esta noção, referida pelo filósofo alemão em vários momentos e por diferentes obras, demanda um mapeamento das especificações essenciais em que ela é enunciada, possibilitando, assim, acompanhar sua dinâmica em meio a rupturas, decepções, perda dos projetos filosóficos e estéticos, que marcam a vida de Nietzsche. Assim procedendo, acreditamos ter a possibilidade de uma compreensão abrangente, descobrindo o “lugar”, o “peso” e a importância dessa noção no conjunto da filosofia nietzschiana. / The notion of “great style”, developed over the productive life of Nietzsche, will be a key element for the philosopher’s maturity projects, especially the transvaluation of all the values, the main objective of the work Twilight of the idols. In a situation of decadence of modern culture, diagnosed by the philosopher, he calls a "war effort", a struggle being waged against what is set: the values of the décadence. Nietzsche, thus, at maturity, assumes this "mission" by waving to the possibility of an exit from the decadent state and, in this direction, points to certain “types” of constitution "healthy", "men of strength", "robust", even "times, strong cultures and environments", all forming important indicators for the justification of the concept of "great style". This notion, referred to by the German philosopher at various times and by various works, demand a mapping of the essential specifications in which it is enunciated, thus enabling it to follow its dynamics in the midst of ruptures, disappointments, loss of philosophical and aesthetic projects, that mark the life of Nietzsche. Thus proceeding, we believe in the possibility of a comprehensive understanding, discovering the "place", the "weight" and in the importance of this notion in Nietzschean philosophy as a whole.

Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die eingehende Beschäftigung des katalanischen Dichters Joan Maragall i Gorina (1860-1911) mit Goethe, Nietzsche und Novalis. Diese Rezeption prägt in großem Maße auch seine Überlegungen zu Fragen individueller und nationaler Identität und reflektiert insgesamt einen Prozess der Selbstfindung und Positionierung im Identitätsdiskurs der europäischen Moderne um 1900. Dementsprechend entfaltet Maragall einen Diskurs, der sich zum einen auf das kulturelle und gesellschaftspolitische Feld Kataloniens bezieht und zeitkritische Themen (Phänomen der Masse, Naturalismus- und Dekadenzkritik etc.) aufgreift, zum anderen aber auch Raum für Identitätsentwürfe schafft, die seine persönlichen Lebensprojektionen und sein Dichtungskonzept betreffen. Darüberhinaus impliziert sein Identitätsdiskurs eine zivilisationskritische Perspektive, da seine Reflexionen immer auch Aspekte der Menschheitsentwicklung allgemein berühren. – Die vorliegende Untersuchung erörtert Maragalls Lektüre deutscher Schriften nicht nur im Hinblick auf sein dichterisches Schaffen, sondern insgesamt als bestimmenden Faktor seiner intellektuellen Tätigkeit, und fragt nach Bedeutung und Funktion seiner produktiven Rezeption im kulturellen Neuerungsprozess Kataloniens. Die Arbeit fokussiert in diesem Zusammenhang sowohl die von Maragall rezipierten Primärtexte als auch seine Lektüre von Sekundärtexten (Rezensionen, Einleitungen, zeitgenössische Literaturkritik) zu deutschen Autoren und Werken, denen er vor allem in französischen Zeitschriften begegnete. Der Rückgriff auf diese Quellen erlaubt, Maragalls Identitätsdiskurs mit einem in der Maragall-Forschung bisher wenig beachteten intellektuellen Feld in Verbindung zu bringen. Dazu zählen einflussreiche Chronisten und Literaturkritiker der Epoche, die mit Nietzsche, Goethe und Novalis ihre eigenen weltanschaulichen Überzeugungen exponierten. Sie brachten Maragall nicht nur mit den irrationalen Strömungen einer neuen Spiritualität und dem zeitgenössischen Monismus, sondern auch mit dem Goethekult des Kaiserreichs in Berührung. – Dabei ist festzustellen, dass Maragalls Nietzsche-Rezeption, ungeachtet des viel zitierten Artikels von Ludwig Stein (Deutsche Rundschau, 1893), in großem Maße von den Nietzsche- Bildern der französischen Kritiker Henri Albert, Theodor de Wyzewa und Georges Valbert sowie von den Kommentaren des Zarathustra-Herausgebers Peter Gast (d.i. Heinrich Köselitz) beeinflusst wurde. Auch die von Maragall verfassten Artikel zu Goethe und Novalis tragen Spuren der zeitgenössischen Rezeption dieser Autoren: Einerseits bezieht sich Maragall auf den Goethe-Philologen Herman Grimm und den Nietzscheaner Heinrich von Stein, dessen Studie über Goethe und Schiller er besonders schätzte, andererseits zitiert er längere Textabschnitte aus Bruno Willes Einleitung zu Heinrich von Ofterdingen (1898). – Diese erweiterte Rezeptionsperspektive führt zu einer kritischen Betrachtung des »direkten« Vergleichs zwischen Maragall und den rezipierten Autoren (vgl. Titelformulierungen wie z.B. »Maragall und Novalis«), da dieses Verfahren Maragalls Rezeptionshabitus vorwiegend im Rahmen persönlicher Entwicklungsphasen fokussiert und den offensichtlichen Einfluss der Rezeptionstendenzen um 1900, insbesondere die thematischen Verschränkungen von Nietzsches Zarathustra, Goethes bzw. Emersons Persönlichkeitskult und Novalis’ Dichterimago, unberücksichtigt lässt. Diese spezifische Themenkonfiguration prägte jedoch auch Maragalls Vorstellungen von einem dem zwanzigsten Jahrhundert entsprechenden Katalonien, von einer dem Leben gehorchenden Literatur, sowie von einem ethisch und ästhetisch gelungenen Leben. – Die eigene Kultur diagnostiziert der katalanische Dichter im Spiegel des Fremden und Universalen. Seine entschiedene Hinwendung zu deutschen Autoren und sein großes Interesse an der deutschen Bildungkultur impliziert aber nicht uneingeschränkte Empathie. Aus der Perspektive des Mediterranen distanziert er sich von ausgeprägt deutschen Eigentümlichkeiten, bewundert allerdings die im Kaiserreich gewonnene Dimension kultureller Repräsentation. Als Intellektueller bemüht er sich, die katalanische Kultur an der Schwelle zum 20. Jahrhundert für ein neues Selbstverständnis zu öffnen und einer kosmopolitischen Dimension zuzuführen, genauso wie er versucht, im subtilen inneren Ich-Diskurs das Paradigma der Moderne zu durchleuchten und – ähnlich wie andere Zeitgenossen der europäischen Moderne – seine innere persönliche und poetische Bildung an Nietzsche, Goethe und Novalis auszurichten, um den Unbestimmtheiten des neuen Jahrhunderts sowie dem unaufhaltsamen materiellen Fortschritt mit einer entschiedenen geistigen Haltung begegnen zu können, denn der menschliche Fortschritt ist nach Maragall nur in der unendlichen Vergeistigung der Materie zu verorten. In seiner Dichtkunst treten Gefühl und Intuition (»paraula viva«) an die Stelle der ästhetischen Konstruktion. / “Joan Maragall’s Reception of German Literature within the Discourse of Identity of the Modern Age” This dissertation addresses the Catalan author Joan Maragall i Gorina‘s (1860-1911) extensive preoccupation with Goethe, Nietzsche and Novalis. His reception of their works greatly shapes his reflections on questions of individual and national identity and generally reflects a process of self-discovery and positioning that was taking place in the discourse of identity in European modernism around 1900. Accordingly, Maragall develops a discourse that relates, on the one hand, to the cultural and socio-political concerns of Catalonia and to contemporary issues (the phenomenon of crowds, criticism of naturalism and decadence, etc.), while, on the other hand, creating room for models of identity which affect his personal life as well as his concept of literature. Furthermore, his discourse on identity implies a perspective that is critical of civilization, since his reflections always touch upon aspects of the development of humanity. This study discusses Maragall‘s reception of German texts not only with respect to his literary output, but also as a determining factor in his intellectual activity in general, and it searches for the meaning and function of his productive reception in the cultural regeneration of Catalonia. In this regard, this work focuses both on the primary texts which Maragall read as well as on his readings of secondary texts (reviews, introductions, contemporary literary criticism) about German authors and works, most of which he encountered in French magazines. Focusing on these sources, one is able to link Maragall’s discourse of identity with an intellectual field that, thus far, has scarcely been examined in the research on Maragall. Very influential literary critics and commentators who introduced their own world view by interpreting Nietzsche, Goethe and Novalis, brought Maragall into contact with the irrational tendencies of a new spirituality and with contemporary monism, as well as with the Goethe cult of the empire. This expanded perspective of reception leads to a critical view of “direct” comparisons (i.e. titles such as “Maragall and Novalis”), since this treatment does not take into account the obvious influence of contemporary patterns of reception, particularly the thematic interconnections of Nietzsche’s Zarathustra, Goethe’s or Emerson’s personality cult and Novalis’ representation of the poet. This specific configuration of themes also influences Maragall’s idea of a nation in the twentieth century, as well as what determines that literature complies with life, and what is life when it is successfully lived ethically and aesthetically. He defines his own culture through the mirror of the foreign and the universal, in the same way as he consistently tries to measure himself spiritually as a poet and a person via a subtle inner discourse. Therein lies his modernity.

Richard Rorty found Friedrich Nietzsche’s critique of epistemology (perspectivism) to be a helpful tool in getting us to stop thinking of knowledge as something we find, and instead as something that we create. He also found perspectivism to be a helpful tool in that of the private sphere, of private self-creation. The Nietzsche that provides perspectivism is “The Good Nietzsche”. Rorty, however, conceived of Nietzsche’s ideas as being absolutely useless when it comes to politics, along with his ideas regarding morality, the Will to Power, and the Übermensch. These are the ideas of “The Bad Nietzsche”. Rorty’s actual usage of Nietzsche’s ideas, however, defies such easy, self-defined categorization, because these ideas extend outside of their spheres into the realm of politics in Rorty’s own writings. Most traditional analyses of the relationship between Nietzsche and Rorty as it regards politics tend to focus on Nietzsche. By focusing on Rorty’s appropriation of Nietzsche, through looking at his extensive writings and interviews, a more subtle, and complex relationship between Nietzsche’s various ideas and Rorty’s politics is seen to exist.