The diploma thesis deals with the role of a television news anchorman/woman. It focuses on the origin of the anchorman, the main and characteristic professional prerequisites, and the differences between the anchormen of public and commercial television. The primary role of the moderator is to inform about current events. But in the same time be objective, neutral, and trustworthy, and leave a way expressing one's own emotions. However, these values may differ as to the television broadcasting system. As part of his role in television, they can be a suitable element in media self-presentation. The thesis focuses on work with commercial and public television, analyses the emotional and professional aspects of his work and his contribution to the creation of news programs. The research is also carried out among the public, which enables the main characteristics and functions of moderators.

Media har en väldigt betydande roll i hur vi uppfattar det som sker runt om i världen. Uppfattningen vi får utifrån en händelse beror till stor del av hur media rapporterar kring den händelsen. Ryssland anses vara ett land som idag kan väcka en del känslor i olika sammanhang, allt från utrikespolitik till idrottsvärlden. I början av 2014 skrevs det mycket om Ryssland i samband med Ukraina konflikten. En konflikt som FN och västvärlden fördömt Ryssland för. Studien syftar till att förstå hur rysktalande och svenska medborgare upplever medierapporteringen kring Ryssland. Målet har varit att ta reda på om media kan ha påverkat människors uppfattning om Ryssland beroende på hur rapporteringen sett ut men även hur relationen mellan Sverige och Ryssland upplevts. Den metod som valdes för studien var kvalitativ intervju där intervjupersonerna var både rysktalande samt svenska medborgare. Resultatet har visat att samtliga respondenter upplevt att medierapporteringen kring Ryssland har varit negativ. Anledningarna till att rapporteringen upplevts negativ har varit olika både bland rysktalande och svenska medborgare. Samtliga respondenter menar även att nyhetsrapporteringen i media kan påverka ens uppfattning om Ryssland på så sätt att läsaren antingen inte är insatt i ämnet eller inte kritiskt granskat informationen som tagits del av och bildat sin uppfattning utifrån det media valt att framhäva. Vidare menar respondenterna att media med all rätt kan ifrågasätta den ryska politiken men menar samtidigt att det inte rättvist att svartmåla Ryssland. Den dåliga relationen mellan Sverige och Ryssland beror säkerligen på staternas olika ideologier, värderingar och intressen som varit en stor påverkan för hur relationen ser ut men även en förklaring till varför medierapporteringen ser ut som den gör. / The media has a significant impact on how we perceive the things that occur around the globe. The perception we receive about a specific incident has a lot to do with the way media reports about that significant incident. Russia is a nation that stirs up emotions in different contexts, it can be anything between politics and sports. In the beginning of 2014, there were a lot of reports about Russia concerning the Crimea crisis and the Ukrainian conflict which ended up with the west and USA condemning Russia. The purpose of this study is to give an insight on how the Russian speaking community and Swedish citizens experience the way the media reports on Russia. The goal is to figure out whether the media has an impact on people’s opinions because of the reports and because of the unstable relations between Sweden and Russia. The method that was used was a qualitative interview with Russian speaking Swedish citizens. The results has shown that all respondents agreed that the media reporting about russia has been negative. The Russian speaking community and the Swedish citizens have different reasons behind those feelings. All the respondents have also indicated that the news reporting in the media can affect a persons perception about russia, especially individuals who hasn’t done their own research because they will form their own opinion from the medias reporting.The respondents feel like the media has a right to question the politics in Russia but it’s not fair to put Russia in a bad light because of that. The bad relations between Russia and Sweden exists because of the different ideologies, values and interests of the two nations, which has had a huge impact on the relationship and it’s also an explanation to why the media reports on russia they way it does.

Economic analysis is often employed for the purpose of efficient decision-making and allocation of societies’ resources and has been utilized in the Swedish national infrastructure planning since the 1960’s. The topic of this report is the utilisation of CBA in investigating the benefits and costs of transport investments in Sweden and its consequent role as a decision basis. It is the study of various actors’ perspectives on CBA itself, and not least its role within Swedish transport-planning. On the one hand the study concerns the actors interpretation of the current practice, on the other; their perspectives of how CBA ideally should be utilized. The purpose of the study is to be able to, by combining existing ideas, insights and competences in ways which can bridge the diverse perspectives, increase awareness concerning the utilisation and role of CBA in Swedish transport planning. The goal is not to argue against the use of CBA as a method or decision basis, nor to study the technicalities of the method, but rather, it is an attempt to make sense of CBA through the interpretation of various actors’ perspectives from commission to decision. Two main research questions are put forth to lead towards this purpose: First, how does the understanding of CBA vary among actors? And secondly, how can CBA be utilised to its full potential in transport planning? / Ekonomisk analys används ofta för att uppnå ett effektivt beslutsfattande och fördelning av samhällets resurser, i den svenska nationella infrastrukturplaneringen har de nyttjats sedan 1960-talet. Ämnet för denna rapport är användningen av CBA för att utreda nyttor och kostnader av transportinvesteringar i Sverige och dess åtföljande roll som beslutsunderlag. Det är en studie av olika aktörers perspektiv på samhällsekonomisk analys (CBA), och inte minst dess roll inom svenskt transportplanering. Å ena sidan gäller studien olika aktörers tolkning av nuvarande praxis, å andra sidan deras perspektiv på hur CBA helst bör användas. Syftet med studien är att, genom en kombination av befintliga idéer, insikter och kompetenser på ett sätt som kan överbrygga olika perspektiv, öka medvetenheten om användningen och betydelsen av CBA i svensk transportplanering. Målet är inte att argumentera mot användningen av CBA som metod eller beslutsunderlag, inte heller att studera de tekniska aspekterna av metoden, studien syftar snarare att försöka skapa förståelse för CBA genom tolkning av olika aktörers perspektiv från beställning till beslut. Två huvudsakliga forskningsfrågor lyfts fram för att leda mot detta syfte: För det första, hur varierar förståelsen av CBA mellan aktörerna? Och för det andra, hur kan CBA utnyttjas till sin fulla potential i transportplaneringen?

The purpose of this case study was to compare the news coverage of The Umatilla chemical weapons by examining newspapers from different communities: The Oregonian and The Hermiston Herald. The author examines solution frames, pluralistic frames, episodic frames, and thematic frames and compares them across two newspapers. The study found the difference was not significant when comparing the use of solution frames between The Hermiston Herald and The Oregonian. In addition, there was not a significant difference in use of pluralistic framing by The Hermiston Herald and The Oregonian. However, there was a significant difference in the sources presented in the newspaper articles. There was also a significant presence of episodic frames compared to thematic frames in both the newspapers under examination.

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This is a qualitative study that aims to investigate objectivity as an ideal and the expectations laid on teachers to behave and teach objectively. Through interviews with social science teachers the study uncovers experiences regarding expectations of objectivity. It also analyzes what approaches and strategies the teachers use in the classroom when considering objectivity, either as an ideal and/or what is to be expected of them. In addition the study also aims to explore the practical effects of teachers' pedagogical choices within the classroom and within the framework of social science teaching.  The study has shown a complexity to the teachers role and the teachers understanding and interpretations of objectivity. It has deepened our understanding of teachers' daily challenges and how they try to live up to perceived expectations, both from within and from the surrounding society. The results have shown multiple challenges relating to objectivity and the practice of teaching social sciences as a subject. Teachers show partially different approaches and strategies. But at the same time there is a core element to their understanding of teachers' professional role, usually based on school values tied to the curriculum.

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