Les marchés financiers sont traditionnellement considérés comme le lieu où se confrontent une demande et une capacité de financement. Le développement des intermédiaires financiers a toutefois contribué à complexifier les transactions et les nœuds de relations sur les places. L’objet de cette thèse est d’examiner le marché des euro-obligations non plus comme le lieu de rencontre d’une offre et d’une demande dans l’exercice d’un jeu concurrentiel, mais comme une organisation dans laquelle des membres adoptent des rationalités et des modes d’action diversifiés et évolutifs. La méthodologie utilisée articule une étude historique événementielle et une analyse des pratiques inscrite dans la longue durée. Les observations tirées de cette double appréhension sont confrontées, dans le cadre d’une démarche abductive, à des cadres conceptuels constitutifs de la théorie des organisations. Cette confrontation s’opère en trois étapes. Tout d’abord, l’évolution et les pratiques sont étudiées pour montrer en quoi le marché euro-obligataire se comporte comme une organisation, et pas seulement comme un lieu de transaction. Ensuite, les formes prises par cette dernière au cours de son histoire sont identifiées. Enfin, le modèle firme semblant le plus approprié pour caractériser la morphologie ultime du marché étudié, la question du mode de coordination mis en œuvre est envisagée. Au final, il est établi que le marché euro-obligataire s’apparente à une bureaucratie professionnelle. De ce fait, les risques dominants sur ce dernier ne sont plus des « risques de marché » à proprement parler. Ils émanent au contraire de problématiques typiquement organisationnelles : la maîtrise du comportement des membres et la gestion du changement.Ces résultats de recherche doivent contribuer à renouveler le regard porté sur des marchés financiers qui, du fait de la dérégulation, tendent à s’aligner sur ce qui faisait jusqu’à aujourd’hui la singularité euro-obligataire. Ces regards sont avant tout ceux des régulateurs, dont la capacité de contrôle sur les intermédiaires financiers demeure désormais limitée. Ils sont aussi ceux des emprunteurs qui, de facto, s’adressent plus à un fournisseur de fonds qu’ils n’en lèvent auprès d’un marché. / Financial markets are traditionally seen as places where demand for financing meets capacity. However, financial intermediaries have contributed to the growing complexity of transactions and to an emerging relational network within markets. The purpose of this PhD dissertation is to consider the Eurobond market as an organization in which members adopt rationalities along with diversified and evolving courses of action. We used a methodology based on historical events and on a long-run analysis of practices. Following an abductive approach, observations set out of this double perspective are confronted with conceptual frames based on organizational theories. This confrontation is led within three steps. First of all, the evolution and the practices are studied to show why and how the Eurobond market behaves as an organization and not only as a place devoted to transactions. Then, the organizational shapes that it adopts all along its history are identified. To finish with, as the “firm” seems to be its most recent morphology, it is necessary to examine its main coordination pattern. Actually, the Eurobond market appears to be a professional bureaucracy. As a matter of fact, predominating risks onto this place are not “market risks” any more. They mostly derive from typical organizational stakes: the behavioral control of members and management of changes.These research results should contribute to renew points of view on financial markets, since they tend to line up with what used to make the Eurobond market so unique. They may be a source of interest for the regulators who, from now one, face a limited ability to control financial intermediaries. These conclusions may also help borrowers to understand that, de facto, they presently deal more with a fund supplier than they finance onto a market.

Doctor Legum - LLD / The thesis firstly looks at how women's right to freedom from violence has developed in international (global) human rights law since the early 1990s. In this regard, the study finds that while the issue of violence against women (and women's rights generally) was barely on the international human rights agenda at the beginning of this period, an enormous degree of development has subsequently taken place. Through the adoption of documents such as General Recommendation No. 19 by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Declaration on Elimination of Violence against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action, international norms and standards were set regarding role of the State in providing women with protection against violence. / South Africa

Au lendemain de la renaissance juridique du XIIe siècle, la redécouverte du régime romain de la superficie amorce une réflexion doctrinale sur ce mode de dissociation juridique du sol et de la construction. Les glossateurs suivis par les commentateurs et une partie de la doctrine moderne distinguent le pouvoir du superficiaire sur la construction et celui maître du sol sur l’intégralité du fonds en qualifiant le premier de domaine utile et le second de domaine direct. Le dominium du superficiaire rassemble ainsi l’ensemble de ses actions et prérogatives sur la chose dont la plupart sont concurrentes de celles du maître du sol. La remise en cause de la théorie du double domaine par les juristes humanistes ne conduit pas ces derniers à contester l’étendue du pouvoir du superficiaire. Le concept de droit de superficie connaît en revanche un véritable bouleversement lorsque Wolff affirme, à la fin de l’Époque moderne, que le droit de superficie est un droit de propriété exclusif et absolu. Une même conception du droit de superficie est défendue au XIXe siècle par les premiers commentateurs du Code civil pour offrir une qualification aux différentes pratiques de dissociation juridique du fonds hérités de la coutume d’Ancien Régime. / Following the juridical renaissance of the 12th century, the rediscovery of roman superficies rules initiates a doctrinal reflection about this form of legal dissociation between building and ground. Glossators, followed by commentators and a part of the modern doctrine, differentiate the superficiary’s power over the building and the ground owner’s power over the entire land by describing the first one as a beneficial ownership and the second one as a direct ownership. For these authors, the superficiary’s ownership contains his procedural and substantive rights. Some of them compete ground owner’s rights. By rejecting the concept of dual ownership, humanistic jurists don’t question the scope of the superficiary’s power. However, at the end of Modern Area, Wolff changes the concept of right of superficies by identifying it as an exclusive and absolute ownership. In the 19th century, an identical conception is found in the first commentators of the Napoleonic Code’s doctrine. Indeed, the concept of superficies is used by these jurists to characterize several practices of dissociation between building rights and ground rights which are initially based on Ancien Régime customs.

This study explored and described the impact of the rights and obligations of nurses on the delivery of quality patient care in a clinical setting. Quantitative research approach was utilised. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The research results revealed that respondents who participated in this study were aware of their rights and obligations, the effects and impact of factors influencing such rights and obligations on patient care. It was established that “patient abandonment” observed when nurses embark on a strike as their constitutionally enshrined right is not due to a lack of insight about their rights and obligations, but on how such rights and obligations are implemented. The researcher recommends that further research be undertaken to explore the causes of nurses embarking on strike actions despite their high level of knowledge concerning the impact of such actions on patient care in a clinical setting / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

The work deals with the legal and ethical aspects of Christian foundations and endowment funds. The first step is to familiarize ourselves with the basic concepts. The next part of the thesis deals with donations from an ethical a Christian perspective. A brief introduction to the historical development of the foundations and endowment funds, description of the current legislation, foundations and endowment funds and their comparison are integral part parts. In conclusion, the work discusses the possible problems associated with the activities of foundations and endowment funds, the very credibility of Foundations and the degree of people's willingness to participate in fundraisers. The thesis analyzes the compliance with obligations for these entities, including the available public and private mitigation activities, are a foundations and endowment funds greatest problems in complying with the requirement to prepare and publish an annual report. These annual reports should include a true picture of the activities of the foundation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 magdalena_aj_me_fran.pdf: 492963 bytes, checksum: 9af224a748267e44f3d19c08ba771bce (MD5) / A partir do panorama geral dos chamados direitos fundamentais, o presente trabalho busca, com particular enfoque no princípio que estabelece o direito a processo em tempo razoável, examinar a possibilidade do uso da ação monitória como instrumento eficiente de coerção jurisdicional da Fazenda Pública a mais célere adimplemento de certas obrigações, representadas em documento desprovido de força executiva. Considera, inicialmente, que a garantia de integral observância dos preceitos constitucionais correspondentes àqueles, voltados à construção de uma ordem jurídica justa, constitui razão essencial do moderno Estado Democrático de Direito, cuja concepção importa em admitir, muitas vezes, o uso de mecanismos de defesa das pessoas contra a força do próprio aparelho estatal. Analisa, nesse quadro, a importância de assegurar efetivo acesso de todos à Justiça, bem como discorre sobre o papel exercido pela jurisdição e sobre a necessidade de haver um sistema processual eficaz à concreta realização de direitos. Refere o esforço mais atual de legisladores, administradores públicos e operadores jurídicos, no Brasil, para o desenvolvimento de meios eficazes à solução de litígios, notadamente no âmbito do processo judicial, mediante inovações diversas, incluída previsão de tutelas jurisdicionais diferenciadas, entre as quais se inscreve aquela propiciada pela ação de conteúdo monitório, introduzida em data relativamente recente na legislação brasileira. Depois de insistir no caráter de instrumentalidade do sistema processual, que se deve prestar à pacificação da sociedade, com justiça, e à realização dos objetivos constitucionais, o trabalho aponta as características da ação... / From an analysis of the fundamental rights, especially the right to a lawsuit within a reasonable length of time, this study aims to examine the use of the admonition action as an efficient instrument to compel the Public Treasury to carry out Court orders. The work ponders that the complete observance of the constitutional rules related to essential rights constitutes the main cause of the Democratic Constitutional State, whose conception sometimes involves the use of people’s defense mechanisms against the State itself. In this sense the study analyzes the importance to assecure everyone’s access to Justice and examines the necessity of a process system that guarantees concrete rights. It also mentions the present effort of the Parliament, the Government and the jurists in Brazil to develop effective ways to solve conflicts, especially in the lawsuit ambit. This objective is achieved by several innovations as differentiated jurisdictional tutelages such as the admonition action, which has recently been introduced in the Brazilian legislation. After insisting on the instrumental aspect of the process system, which must reach social pacification and constitutional aims, the work points out the admonition action characteristics and evaluates its possibility to fulfill certain credits within a reasonable period of time. Finally the study reflects on the peculiarities of the credits opposed to the Public Treasury and ponders the viability of the admonition action use against public entities, considering their process prerogatives and the public interest.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:51:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sahyoun_nb_me_fran.pdf: 780522 bytes, checksum: 0cd63e5ba4abe118a5e5a8953f85120f (MD5) / Os direitos personalíssimos, o direito de família e a responsabilidade civil, entrelaçados, proporcionam instrumentos hábeis à proteção e tutela da dignidade da pessoa enquanto sujeito de direitos e obrigações. Erigidos a princípio constitucional, em cláusula pétrea, e tutelados pela legislação ordinária, os direitos personalíssimos exprimem valores inerentes e fundamentais da pessoa enquanto ser provido de dignidade que augura, desde a concepção, prévia, pronta, efetiva e integral proteção de seus elementares direitos por parte do ordenamento jurídico. Isso porque os direitos personalíssimos, na verdade, constituem-se no princípio, meio e fim da pessoa. É, outrossim, no seio familiar, fruto do casamento, união estável ou relacionamento eventual, que os direitos personalíssimos brotam e encontram solo profícuo para desenvolvimento. O poder familiar, em processo de evolução que transcende os limites históricos, extrapolando o âmbito do direito de família, diversamente do que ocorria outrora, modernamente, mais que direito, constitui-se em fonte de obrigações para, primeiro, tornar-se esteio norteador do aprimoramento da pessoa na busca da plenitude de seus direitos personalíssimos; segundo, gerar responsabilidade civil para aqueles que concebem e exercem-no, tanto no que tange aos diretamente ligados entre si, pelos vínculos familiares, quanto os decorrentes de relações estabelecidas junto a terceiros. Destinado a obstar perdas indevidas, no que tange aos bens, de qualquer espécie, amealhados em razão de lídimo esforço, e prestando-se como corretivo para ressarcimentos materiais e morais, decorrentes de atos ilícitos, tanto na tutela dos direitos personalíssimos quanto nas lesões de direito de família, a responsabilidade civil presta-se, precipuamente, como instrumento de pacificação social, para, na via jurisdicional... / The inalienable rights and those concerned to the family and civil responsibility make an interwoven tissue that provides the legally qualified tools to the protection and tutorship of the person dignity as an individual with rights and duties. Upraised to a constitutional principle, understood as a fundamental clause, and tutorized by the ordinary legislation, the inalienable rights express the person’s inherent values as a being provided with dignity that, since the conception, augurs previous, ready, effective and integral protection to his fundamental rights by the juridical ordainment. This is so because the inalienable rights actually consist in the whole purpose of the person. Likewise it is within one’s family, resulting from a marriage, stable union or occasional relationship, that the inalienable rights originate and find advantageous ground for development. The family power, in an evolutionary process that transcends the historical limits and extrapolates the ambit of the family’s rights, unlikely what formerly occurred, nowadays more than a right constitutes the source of obligations, first, to become the lead support of a person’s refinement in the search of the plenitude of his inalienable rights; second, to generate civil responsibility to those who conceive and practise it, both considering these rights directly connected by the family’s entailment and the ones resulting from stablished relationship with third parts. Meant for thwarting undue losses concerning to any properties saved because of legitimate endeavor and being useful as an amendatory compensation for material and moral losses caused by illicit acts both in the tutorship of inalienable rights and injuries to the rights of the family, civil responsibility is useful chiefly as an instrument of social agreement to judicially avoid illicit enrichment... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Artur Marques da Silva Filho / Banca: Euclides Celso Berardo / Banca: Luiz Antonio Soares Hentz / Resumo: A partir do panorama geral dos chamados direitos fundamentais, o presente trabalho busca, com particular enfoque no princípio que estabelece o direito a processo em tempo razoável, examinar a possibilidade do uso da ação monitória como instrumento eficiente de coerção jurisdicional da Fazenda Pública a mais célere adimplemento de certas obrigações, representadas em documento desprovido de força executiva. Considera, inicialmente, que a garantia de integral observância dos preceitos constitucionais correspondentes àqueles, voltados à construção de uma ordem jurídica justa, constitui razão essencial do moderno Estado Democrático de Direito, cuja concepção importa em admitir, muitas vezes, o uso de mecanismos de defesa das pessoas contra a força do próprio aparelho estatal. Analisa, nesse quadro, a importância de assegurar efetivo acesso de todos à Justiça, bem como discorre sobre o papel exercido pela jurisdição e sobre a necessidade de haver um sistema processual eficaz à concreta realização de direitos. Refere o esforço mais atual de legisladores, administradores públicos e operadores jurídicos, no Brasil, para o desenvolvimento de meios eficazes à solução de litígios, notadamente no âmbito do processo judicial, mediante inovações diversas, incluída previsão de tutelas jurisdicionais diferenciadas, entre as quais se inscreve aquela propiciada pela ação de conteúdo monitório, introduzida em data relativamente recente na legislação brasileira. Depois de insistir no caráter de instrumentalidade do sistema processual, que se deve prestar à pacificação da sociedade, com justiça, e à realização dos objetivos constitucionais, o trabalho aponta as características da ação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: From an analysis of the fundamental rights, especially the right to a lawsuit within a reasonable length of time, this study aims to examine the use of the admonition action as an efficient instrument to compel the Public Treasury to carry out Court orders. The work ponders that the complete observance of the constitutional rules related to essential rights constitutes the main cause of the Democratic Constitutional State, whose conception sometimes involves the use of people's defense mechanisms against the State itself. In this sense the study analyzes the importance to assecure everyone's access to Justice and examines the necessity of a process system that guarantees concrete rights. It also mentions the present effort of the Parliament, the Government and the jurists in Brazil to develop effective ways to solve conflicts, especially in the lawsuit ambit. This objective is achieved by several innovations as differentiated jurisdictional tutelages such as the admonition action, which has recently been introduced in the Brazilian legislation. After insisting on the instrumental aspect of the process system, which must reach social pacification and constitutional aims, the work points out the admonition action characteristics and evaluates its possibility to fulfill certain credits within a reasonable period of time. Finally the study reflects on the peculiarities of the credits opposed to the Public Treasury and ponders the viability of the admonition action use against public entities, considering their process prerogatives and the public interest. / Mestre

This essay examines protection duties arising under a contract. Its doctrinal and comparative case-law development is very broad. In Peru, national doctrine has studied it from case-law specific cases. The purpose ofthis study is to develop the analysis of autonomy of these duties towards main and secondary obligations arose under contracts in order to give legal bases not only from Civil Law but also from Constitutional Law perspective. / El presente ensayo se refiere a los deberes de protección nacidos de contratos. El desarrollo doctrinal y jurisprudencial comparado de esta categoría es amplísimo. En el Perú, la doctrina nacional la ha estudiado apartir de casos concretos jurisprudenciales. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar la autonomía de estos deberes frente a las obligaciones principales y secundarias nacidas de contratos, con el fin de otorgarle una fundamentación no solo desde el derecho civil, sino también desde el derecho constitucional.

A presente dissertação tem como objeto o estudo das obrigações propter rem e figuras correlatas. Os grandes civilistas dedicaram-se ao tema que será desenvolvido neste trabalho; o assunto não é inédito, muito ao contrário. Contudo, vários pontos permanecem controversos, até mesmo quanto à própria definição e alcance da noção de obrigação real. A importância da matéria não se resume a uma discussão acadêmica, meramente abstrata. Em realidade, o instituto é extremamente recorrente na doutrina e jurisprudência. Ocorre que, considerada a confusão conceitual que caracteriza essa espécie de obrigação, verifica-se que o instituto serve de fundamento a diversas decisões, muitas delas sem precisão técnica necessária. Decerto, criam-se vínculos e deveres sem que exista uma lei específica nesse sentido, sob o simples argumento de que se trata de uma obrigação propter rem. Não bastasse, são atribuídos determinados efeitos a essas obrigações, os quais não são necessariamente essenciais ao instituto. Nesse contexto, consideramos que uma releitura do conceito de obrigação real é oportuna e pode contribuir para um tratamento mais adequado de uma série de questões. / This dissertation discusses the propter rem obligations and related legal aspects. The propter rem obligations are not a new topic and it was studied by all main civil law scholars. However, there are a many unsolved matters related to such obligations, including its exact definition and extension. The relevance of propter rem obligations is not limited to an academic debate; in fact it is a recurring matter by commentators and court precedents. Due to the conceptual misunderstanding as to the correct definition of propter rem obligations, this concept has been mistakenly used in several court decisions. Courts are creating legal obligations without proper legislation, based solely on the argument that such obligations are based on the propter rem principles, including the attribution of supposed legal effects not related to these obligations. In this context, we believe it is important to revisit the concept of the propter rem obligations to promote a better understanding of several issues.