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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
261

Caracteristicas da formação profissional, pratica clinica e perfil biopsicossocial de cirurgiões-dentistas e medicos que atuam na area de dor orofacial / Characteristics of the professional formation, clinical practice and biopsychosocial profile of dentists and physicians who work in the area of orofacial pain

Berzin, Maria da Graça Rodrigues 05 April 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Jose Tadeu Tesseroli de Siqueira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T19:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Berzin_MariadaGracaRodrigues_D.pdf: 3974347 bytes, checksum: a15013ee8ad34ed5eb818e08e986c7bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O estudo investigou características da formação profissional, prática clínica e o perfil biopsicossocial de cirurgiões-dentistas e médicos que atuam na área de dor orofacial. A partir de delineamento estratificado foram selecionados, por sorteio, 150 voluntários sendo 87 da área odontológica e 63 da área médica, provenientes de várias regiões do país. Os critérios para inclusão na amostra foram: ser membro ativo de uma das seguintes sociedades: SBED, SOBRAD, SBCe e ABFCOC; possuir título de especialista em DTM/DOF pelo Conselho Federal de Odontologia ou possuir experiência clínica na área de dor orofacial. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: 1) Formulário de Pesquisa, elaborado pelo pesquisador; 2) Questionário de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida (WHOQOL-BREF) e 3) Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de LIPP (ISSL). Os dados foram digitados em software especialmente desenvolvido para a pesquisa em Visual Basic, versão 6.0, DOF/Data e analisados estatisticamente através do sistema SAS que calculou os testes Qui-quadrado e t de Student, com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados mostraram que os dois grupos de voluntários apresentam indicadores de deficiências na formação acadêmica, excessivamente tecnicista, para atuar na área de dor. A análise da prática clínica revelou que a maioria dos voluntários reconhece a necessidade de melhorar seus conhecimentos teórico-técnicos na área de dor, declara dificuldades na prescrição de medicamentos e manejo do comportamento do paciente com dor orofacial crônica. Apesar do sentimento de realização profissional, são reveladas condições de trabalho desfavoráveis como carga horária de trabalho excessiva, sobrecarga física e mental e necessidade de vários empregos. Apesar da auto¿avaliação positiva sobre condições de saúde e qualidade de vida dos voluntários, constatou-se alta prevalência de sobrepeso, dores crônicas, em especial lombalgia e cervicalgia, consumo de bebida alcoólica e medicamentos para dormir, dificuldade de memória, sensação de cansaço, depressão, ansiedade e irritabilidade constante. O trabalho aponta para a necessidade de se humanizar a formação profissional de cirurgiões-dentistas e médicos, tanto no que se refere às relações com o paciente com dor, como na assistência às dificuldades psicossociais desses profissionais. Ressalta ainda a importância da melhoria em seu estilo de vida e maior cuidado com a própria saúde física e psicológica / Abstract: This study investigated the characteristics of professional training, clinical practice and the biopsychosocial profile of dentists and physicians who treat orofacial pain. Based on a stratified design, 150 volunteers were selected at random, where 87 were from dentistry and 63 from medicine, coming from various regions of the country. The criteria for inclusion in the sample were: being an active member of SBED, SOBRAD, SBCe or ABFCOC; possessing the title of specialist in DTM/DOF by the Conselho Federal de Odontologia (Brazil¿s National Council on Dentistry) or possessing clinical experience in the area of orofacial pain. The instruments utilized were: 1) Research Form, elaborated by the investigator; 2) Questionnaire for Evaluation of Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and 3) Inventory of Stress Symptoms in Adults of LIPP (ISSL). The data were entered in a computer program especially developed for this research in Visual Basic, version 6.0, DOF/Data, and were submitted to statistical analyses using the SAS system which carried out a chi-squared test and Student t-test, at the 5% level of significance. The results indicate that the two groups of volunteers show indicators of deficiencies in academic training, being excessively technical, to practice in the area of pain. An analysis of clinical practice reveals that the majority of the volunteers recognize the need to improve their theoretical-technical understanding of the area of pain, admit difficulties in prescribing medications and in managing the behavior of the patient with chronic orofacial pain. Despite the feeling of professional achievement, unfavorable work conditions are apparent, such as excessive workload, being physically and mentally overworked and the need for several jobs. Despite a positive self-evaluation about health conditions and quality of life of the volunteers, a high prevalence was found for overweight, chronic pain ¿ especially lower back and neck pain, use of alcoholic beverages and medications to sleep, difficulty with memory, depression, ansiety, feeling constantly tired and irritable. This study points to the need to humanize the professional training of oral surgeons and physicians, not only with respect to relationships with the patient with pain, but also in helping with the psychosocial problems of these professionals. Emphasize here also for such healthcare professionals is the importance of improving one¿s lifestyle and taking better care of one¿s own physical and psychological health / Doutorado / Anatomia / Doutor em Biologia Buco-Dental
262

A saúde mental está doente! A Síndrome de Burnout em psicólogos que trabalham em Unidades Básicas de Saúde / The Mental Health is sick! The Burnout Syndrome in psychologists who work in Health Basic Unities

Carolina Guimarães Araujo 16 May 2008 (has links)
A Síndrome de Burnout consiste em um conjunto de sintomas, físicos e/ou emocionais, que estão relacionados ao modo como cada pessoa lida com os eventos estressores do ambiente de trabalho. Esta síndrome acomete essencialmente profissionais que mantém um contato direto com outros seres humanos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a razão pela qual os psicólogos das Unidades Básicas de Saúde de um determinado município do Estado de São Paulo estavam adoecendo. Além disso, buscou verificar se os participantes apresentavam a Síndrome de Burnout e, se confirmado, quais fatores desencadeadores estariam envolvidos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas, que partiam de um questionário previamente elaborado, mas com a possibilidade da ampliação e aprofundamento dessas questões, bem como formulação de novas perguntas, seguindo um modelo clínico. As participantes foram sete psicólogas que trabalham ou trabalharam em UBS do Município em questão. Foram realizadas análises individuais, para compreensão qualitativa da experiência de cada uma delas, e depois, foi realizada uma análise temática dos discursos como um todo. Os relatos mostraram alguns fatores envolvidos no desenvolvimento da síndrome, tais como: a) pessoais - tempo de experiência profissional, perfeccionismo, impotência; b) organizacionais - sobrecarga de trabalho, falta de autonomia, não-valorização do psicólogo, falta de suporte (supervisão/psicoterapia), perfil dos pacientes, falta de trabalho interdisciplinar. Foram feitas propostas de intervenções com os psicólogos, para prevenir a Síndrome de Burnout, bem como de reestruturação da grade curricular do curso de Psicologia, e das Instituições de Saúde Pública. Ainda, foi realizada uma reflexão sobre a falta do cuidado que o psicólogo tem consigo mesmo. Por fim, foi sugerido um aprofundamento de pesquisas acerca do tema. / The Burnout Syndrome consists in a group of symptoms, physical and/or emotional, related with the way each person faces stressful routines/chores in a job environment. This syndrome is more prevalent in those professionals who have a direct contact with other human beings. The objective of this study is to investigate the reason why psychologists of Health Basic Units (Unidades Básicas de Saúde) of a certain city of the state of São Paulo, Brasil, were getting sick. Furthermore, it seeks to verify if the participants present the Burnout Syndrome, and if so, which factors were involved. A semi structured schedule interview was applied, which was based on a previous questionary, but with the possibility of a deeper comprehension of those questions, as well as the formulations of new questions, based on a clinical model. The participants were seven psychologists who work or had worked in a Health Basic Unit. The interviews were analyzed individually, for a qualitative comprehension of the experience of each one of the participants, and then a thematic analysis of their discourses as a whole was conducted. The discourses showed some major factors involved in the development of the syndrome, such as: a) personal professional experience, perfectionism, sense of impotence to deal with the problems; b) organizational overload of work, lack of autonomy, undervaluation of the psychologist, lack of support (clinical supervision/psychotherapy), patients profile, lack of interdisciplinary work. Suggestions of interventions with psychologists to prevent the Burnout Syndrome were made, as well as a reorganization of discipline curriculum of the Psychology courses and in Health Public Institutions. Furthermore, a series of comments has been listed emphasizing the lack of self care that the psychologist has. At last, it was suggested more in-depth research about the theme.
263

Segurança do paciente em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva: fatores dos pacientes, estresse, satisfação profissional e cultura de segurança na ocorrência de eventos adversos / Patient safety in Intensive Care Units: patient factors, stress, professional satisfaction and safety culture in adverse healthcare events

Adriana Janzantte Ducci 22 April 2015 (has links)
Introdução: As Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) são ambientes propícios a ocorrência de Eventos Adversos (EA) devido a complexidade da assistência e das várias intervenções realizadas. Fatores relacionados aos profissionais de enfermagem, caraterísticas dos pacientes e cultura de segurança podem associar-se a ocorrência desses eventos. Identificar os fatores associados a sua ocorrência é importante para planejamento de melhorias. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre variáveis demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes, estresse e satisfação dos profissionais de enfermagem e percepção da cultura de segurança do paciente com a ocorrência de EA de gravidade moderada e grave em UTI adulto. Método: Estudo realizado em oito UTI de um hospital universitário da cidade de São Paulo. Para coleta de dados dos pacientes realizou-se uma coorte prospectiva entre 03 de setembro e 01 de dezembro de 2012. Dados demográficos e clínicos, incluindo SAPSII, LODS, Índice de Comorbidade de Charlson (ICC) e Nursing Activities Score (NAS) e EA foram levantados das informações do prontuário e acompanhamento de 10% das passagens de plantão. Os EA foram caracterizados segundo Classificação Internacional para Segurança do Paciente (CISP) da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para investigar o estresse, satisfação profissional e cultura de segurança, realizou-se abordagem transversal através da aplicação de três instrumentos em outubro de 2012: Lista de Sinais e Sintomas (LSS), Índice de Satisfação Profissional (ISP) e Pesquisa sobre Cultura de Segurança do Paciente nos Hospitais (HSOPSC). Para análise entre as variáveis de interesse, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão logística. Considerou-se significativos valor p>0,05. Resultados: Das 890 internações no período, houve predominância de pacientes masculinos (58,09%), com idade média de 54,11 anos. As médias do ICC e NAS foram, respectivamente, 1,82 pontos e 71,15%. A probabilidade de óbito medida pelo SAPSII foi 19,10% e pelo LODS, 28,70%. Os pacientes permaneceram internados, em média, 6,94 dias e a mortalidade observada na UTI foi 21,24%. Ocorreram 494 EA de gravidade moderada/grave. Os tipos de EA mais frequentes foram: procedimento/processo clínico (42,71%), acidentes com o paciente (28,74%) e infecção hospitalar (20,85%). Pacientes masculinos (p=0,01), submetidos a internação cirúrgica de emergência (p=0,00) e que evoluíram a óbito na UTI (p=0,00) apresentaram mais EA quando comparados aos pacientes do mesmo grupo. Também houve associação entre ocorrência de EA e prolongamento de tempo de internação (p=0,00). Na análise de correlação, observou-se significância positiva entre idade e NAS (r=0,09; p=0,01), ICC e SAPSII (r=0,21; p=0,00) e, SAPSII e LODS (r=0,60;p=0,00). A amostra dos profissionais de enfermagem consistiu de 100 enfermeiros e 187 auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem. A maioria dos profissionais apresentou médio nível de estresse e baixa satisfação profissional, com média de 48,49 pontos (dp=8,45) e 10,95 pontos (dp=1,82), respectivamente. A percepção geral da cultura de segurança foi de 3,06 pontos. No modelo final de análise das variáveis, houve associação entre EA e tempo de internação na UTI (p=0,00), sexo (masculino; p=0,38) e condição de saída (óbito; p=0,01). Conclusões: Nenhuma característica dos profissionais de enfermagem ou a cultura de segurança apresentou associação com a ocorrência de EA. Apesar disto, a avaliação sistemática destas variáveis é necessária pois elas podem ser modificadas ao longo do tempo. / Introduction: Intensive Care Units (ICU) are environments susceptible to Adverse Events (AE) due to the complexity of assistance and the various interventions carried out. Factors related to nursing staff, patient characteristics and the safety culture may be related to mishaps. It is of utmost importance that factors associated to their occurrence be identified for improvement planning. Objective: To analyze the connection among demographic variables and patient clinics, stress and nursing professionals satisfaction and the perception of patient safety culture with the occurrence of moderate and high severity AHE in adult ICU. Method: Study carried out in eight ICUs of a university hospital in the city of São Paulo. For the collection of patient data a prospective cohort was carried out from September 03rd to December 01st 2012. Demographic and clinical data, including SAPSII, LODS, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Nursing Activities Score (NAS) and AE were collected from patient record information and follow up of 10% of the change of shift. AE were categorized according to International Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS) from the World Health Organization. To investigate stress, professional satisfaction and safety culture, a transversal approach was carried out through the application of three instruments in October 2012: List of Signs and Symptoms (LSS), Professional Satisfaction Index (PSI) and Hospital Survey On Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). Logistics regression model was used for analysis among variables of interest. Results p>0.05 were considered significant. Results: From the 890 admissions in the period, there was a predominance of male patients (58.09%), at an average age of 54,11 years old. CCI and NAS averages were, respectively, 1,82 points and 71,15%. Death probability measured by SAPSII was of 19,10% and by LODS, 28,70%. Patients remained hospitalized, on average, 6,94 days and the observed mortality in the ICU was 21,24%. There were 494 AE of moderate/serious severty. The most frequent types of AE were: procedure/ clinical process (42.71%), patient accidents (28,74%) and hospital infection (20.85%). Male patients (p=0.01), submitted to emergency surgical hospitalization (p=0,00) ending up in death in the ICU (p=0.00) presented more AE when compared with patients in the same group. There was also a correlation between AE occurrence and longer hospitalization (p=0,00). In the correlation analysis, positive significance between age and NAS was observed (r=0,09; p=0,01), CCI and SAPSII (r=0,21; p=0,00) and, SAPSII and LODS (r=0,60; p=0,00). The nursing professionals sample consisted of 100 nurses and 187 auxiliaries/technical nurses. The majority of professionals presented medium level of stress and low professional satisfaction, with an average of 48,49 points (dp=8,45) and 10,95 points (dp=1,82), respectively. The general perception of safety culture was of 3,06 points. In the final model of variables analysis, there was association between AE and the amount of time spent in the ICU (p=0,00), sex (male; p=0,38) and the condition of exit (obit; p=0,01). Conclusions: No characteristics of the nursing professionals or the safety culture presented association with the occurrence of AE. Despite that, the systematic evaluation of these variables is necessary for they can be modified along the way.
264

Uso de álcool, estresse no trabalho e fatores associados entre servidores técnicos-administrativos de uma universidade pública / Alcohol use, work stress and factors associated among technical administrative staff of a public university

Miriam Lopes 13 December 2011 (has links)
Introdução: O uso problemático de álcool prejudica não só o indivíduo, mas a dimensão familiar, social e o ambiente de trabalho, bem como gera custos à sociedade. O ambiente de trabalho apresenta diversos fatores estressantes, como os relacionados às condições do trabalho e aos fatores psicossociais que são passíveis de influenciar no rendimento, na satisfação laboral e na saúde do trabalhador, os quais favorecem a presença de estresse ocupacional. Além dos riscos ocasionados pelo consumo de álcool no ambiente de trabalho, tais como acidentes ocupacionais e absenteísmo, o uso abusivo de álcool pode servir de estratégia de coping para o enfrentamento das situações estressantes no trabalho e, desta forma, aliviar o estresse ocupacional. Objetivos: Identificar a prevalência de consumo de álcool e testar sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficos, econômicos, de trabalho e de condições de saúde entre servidores públicos universitários. Material e Método: Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico, descritivoexploratório, tipo corte transversal do qual participaram 925 servidores técnicosadministrativos de uma universidade pública do interior do Estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de três instrumentos: Questionário de dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e características do trabalho, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) e Job Stress Scale (JSS). Foram realizadas análise descritiva das características da amostra e Odds Ratio (OR) como medida de associação, estimado por meio das análises de regressão logística bivariada e multivariada, sendo utilizado o modelo hierarquizado criado para a entrada das variáveis. Para o controle das variáveis de confusão foram mantidas aquelas com p 0,20. Foram consideradas significantes as associações com p 0,05. Resultado: Maior incidência era do sexo feminino (54,92%), casados (65,84%), com idade média de 43,08 anos, ensino superior completo (50,27%) e renda per capita média de R$1333,18 (dp=861,00). O tempo médio de vínculo empregatício foi de 13,5 anos (dp=10,3), maioria nas funções de nível médio (52,76%) e maior inadequação da função exercida para o nível de escolaridade (52,97%). A prevalência do uso problemático de álcool foi de 13,19%, com 27,35% de abstêmios. O consumo excessivo episódico (binge drinking) foi de 36,75%, além disso, 5,8% já causaram problemas a si mesmos ou a outros após terem bebido e 6,2% referiram que algum parente, amigo ou médico já se preocupou com seu modo de beber. Fumantes ativos somaram 13,95%. Quanto aos níveis de exposição ao estresse no trabalho, 30,6% dos entrevistados apresentaram baixo desgaste, embora 18,6% apresentaram alto desgaste, o qual configura em estresse ocupacional. Maiores chances de uso problemático de álcool: ser homens (OR=4,51; IC95%: 2,92 - 6,97), fumante (OR = 3,87; IC95%: 2,23 - 6,70) e possuir ensino fundamental (OR=1,8; IC95%: 1,00 - 3,27). Por outro lado, quanto menor o tempo de vínculo com a instituição, menor as chances de uso problemático de álcool. Conclusão: Os futuros planos de intervenções como a promoção da saúde e prevenção no ambiente de trabalho, devem considerar as seguintes características de risco: ser homem, fumante e possuir ensino fundamental. As informações deste estudo pode ser uma primeira ação para trabalhos futuros nesta população. / Introduction: The problematic use of alcohol prejudices not only the individual but the family and social dimension, working environment, as well as generate costs to society. The work environment presents several stressful factors, such as those related working condition and psychosocial factors that are likely contributors that influence the performance, satisfaction labor and the worker´s health, which provides occupational stressing. Besides risks caused by alcohol use in the workplace, such as occupational accidents and absenteeism, the abuse of alcohol can serve as a coping strategy to face stressful situations at work aiming to relieve the occupational stress. Objectives: Identify the prevalence of alcohol consumption and test its association in terms variables with sociodemographics, economics, labor and health condition among public servers of the university. Material and Methods: This epidemiological study is descriptive exploratory, cross-sectional where participated 925 administrative technical staff of a public university in the state of Sao Paulo. Data collection was made through application of three instruments: Questionnaire of sociodemographic, economic and job characteristics, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Job Stress Scale (JSS). It was performed a descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the sample and an odds ratio (OR) as a measure of association, estimated by the analysis of bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, by using the hierarchical model created for input variables. To control of confounding variables were maintained with p 0.20. Associations were considered significant at p 0.05. Result: Increased incidence were female (54.92%), married (65.84%), with average age of 43.08 years, university graduates (50.27%) and average per capita income of R $ 1,333.18 (sd=861.00). The average length of employment was 13.5 years (sd=10.3), most of the functions of middle level (52.76%) and most inadequate function performed for the level of education (52.97%). The prevalence of problematic alcohol use was 13.19% with 27.35% of abstainers. Excessive consumption episodic (binge drinking) was 36.75%, in addition, 5.8% have already caused problems to themselves or others after drinking and 6.2% reported that a relative, friend or doctor has already been concerned with their drinking. Active smokers amounted to 13.95%. The levels of exposure to job stress, 30.6% presented low wear, while 18.6% had high wear, which sets in occupational stress. Higher chances of problematic alcohol use: to be men (OR: 4.51; 95% CI: 2.92-6.97), smokers (OR: 3.87; 95% CI: 2.23-6.70) and primary education level (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.00-3.27). On the other hand, as the shorter time working in the institution, lower will be the chances of problematic alcohol use. Conclusion: For future plans of interventions such as health promotion and prevention in the workplace, it should be considered the following risk characteristics: being male, smoking and primary education level. The information in this study may be a first action for future work in this population.
265

Estresse ocupacional e esgotamento profissional entre profissionais da atenção primária à saúde

Martins, Leonardo Fernandes 15 May 2011 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-14T19:19:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 leonardofernandesmartins.pdf: 1303961 bytes, checksum: db77d9f17b4ad429c3419594b74d1dd7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:18:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 leonardofernandesmartins.pdf: 1303961 bytes, checksum: db77d9f17b4ad429c3419594b74d1dd7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:18:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leonardofernandesmartins.pdf: 1303961 bytes, checksum: db77d9f17b4ad429c3419594b74d1dd7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O estresse ocupacional e o esgotamento profissional são fatores apontados na literatura como frequentemente presentes entre profissionais de saúde. As suas consequências negativas podem afetar tanto a saúde destes profissionais, quanto a qualidade dos seus serviços prestados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar aspectos associados ao estresse ocupacional e esgotamento profissional entre trabalhadores da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) que atuavam na equipe mínima da Estratégia de Saúde da Família de três municípios de pequeno porte da Zona da Mata Mineira no ano de 2009. O estudo foi do tipo censo, participaram 107 profissionais. Os participantes responderam instrumentos compostos pela versão brasileira do Maslach Burnout Inventory, Escala de Estresse no Trabalho e questionários complementares para caracterizar a população de estudo nos seguintes aspectos: sócio-demográficos, características do trabalho, estilo de vida, riscos no trabalho e problemas da área de atuação. Os fatores associados positivamente com indicativo de esgotamento profissional foram à utilização de medicamentos ―calmantes, tranquilizantes e remédios para dormir‖ e a idade inferior a 29 anos. Os fatores associados positivamente ao estresse ocupacional foram o desejo de não se aposentar no trabalho atual e não ter experiências profissionais anteriores ao trabalho na ESF. Os resultados contribuem para identificar fatores associados com os desfechos estudados e apontam para a necessidade de investigações mais detalhadas entre municípios de pequeno porte. / The occupational stress and burnout are factors mentioned in the literature as frequently found among health professionals. Its negative consequences can affect the health of these professionals and the quality of their services. This study aimed to evaluate aspects related to occupational stress and burnout among workers of Primary Health Care (PHC) staff who worked in the Family Health Strategy in three small municipalities in the Zona da Mata Mineira, 2009.The study was a census, 107 professionals participated. Participants responded instruments made by the Brazilian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Work Stress Scale and questionnaires to further characterize the study population in the following aspects: socio-demographics, work characteristics, lifestyle, occupational risks and problems of the area of action. The factors positively associated with burnout were indicative of the use of drugs "tranquilizers and sleeping pills" and the age < 29 years. The factors positively associated with occupational stress were the desire of leave the current job and have no previous professional experience in the PHC. The results help to identify factors associated with the outcomes studied, and point to the need for more detailed investigations of small municipalities.
266

Effects of Exercise, Social Support and Hardiness on Occupational Stress in Swedish teachers / Effekter av träning, socialt stöd och stresstålighet på arbetsrelaterad stress hos svenska lärare

Jendle, Hampus, Wallnäs, Alexander January 2017 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity, social support and hardiness as predictors of occupational stress in Swedish upper secondary school teachers. Effects with respect to gender were also examined. A convenience sample of teachers (n=145) from three different municipalities participated in a cross-sectional survey. The results indicated that physical activity, social support and hardiness significantly predicted the level of occupational stress in upper secondary school teachers. Despite female teachers reporting significantly higher levels of stress compared to males, no interaction effects between gender and physical activity, social support or hardiness were found. In summary, physical activity, social support and hardiness appear to provide stress buffering effects for male and female teachers alike. Implications of the findings and suggestions for further research are discussed. / Målet med denna studie var att undersöka förhållandet mellan fysisk aktivitet, socialt stöd och stresstålighet som prediktorer av arbetsrelaterad stress hos svenska gymnasielärare. Könsskillnader för respektive effekt på nivå av stress undersöktes. Ett bekvämlighetsurval av lärare (n=145) från tre olika kommuner deltog i vår tvärsnittsstudie. Resultaten pekade på att fysisk aktivitet, socialt stöd och stresstålighet signifikant predicerar nivån av arbetsrelaterad stress hos gymnasielärare. Trots att kvinnliga lärare rapporterade signifikant högre nivåer av arbetsrelaterad stress i jämförelse med manliga lärare fann vi ingen signifikant interaktionseffekt mellan kön och fysisk aktivitet, socialt stöd eller stresstålighet. Sammanfattningsvis framstår det som att fysisk aktivitet, socialt stöd och stresstålighet förser stresskyddande effekter för både manliga och kvinnliga lärare. Implikationer av fynden och förslag på framtida forskning diskuteras.
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Contribution à l'évaluation des effets psychologiques du bilan de compétences : l'expérience d'une entreprise automobile en Iran / Contribution to the assessment of the psychological effects of the skills assessment : the experience of an automobile company in Iran

Robati, Afshin 17 October 2013 (has links)
Cette étude a pour objet d'évaluer la pertinence de l'application du dispositif de bilan de compétences et l'évolution de ses effets psychologiques pour les salariés, dans un pays où il n'est pas pratiqué, et où l'environnement professionnel et socio-culturel diffère du modèle occidental. Ce dispositif a été appliqué en tant qu'outil au service des ressources humaines au sein d'une entreprise de construction automobile en Iran. Pour cela, nous avons fait une étude longitudinale en deux temps avec cinq mois et demi d'intervalle, T1 avant et T2 après le bilan, avec deux groupes de salariés : un groupe expérimental qui a fait le bilan (n=32), et un groupe contrôle (n=30). Les résultats révèlent un renforcement du niveau de l'estime de soi, une meilleure auto-connaissance, une amélioration de la gestion du stress et une augmentation de la motivation au travail. Nous avons tenté à partir d'un échantillon relativement modeste de démontrer que cette démarche de professionnalisation d'orientation des adultes peut être transposée dans certaines conditions aux contextes civilisationnels différents. Son application peut être considérée comme une alternative de soutien et d'aide pour les salariés. C'est à partir des effets de ce dispositif que notre étude contribue au cumul de connaissances scientifiques, dans des contextes socioculturels différents. / This study aims to estimate the suitability of the application of skills assessment device and development of its psychological effects on employees, in a country where it is not practiced, and where the work environment and the culture is different from here. That is to say, the application of this device as an instrument for human resources in a car manufacturing company in Iran, in a different sociocultural context of the Western model. For this, we made a longitudinal study in two stages with five and a half months apart, before T1 and T2 after the skills assessment, with two employee groups : an experimental group that has done the skills assessment (n=32), and a control group (n=30). Results show an enhanced level of self-esteem, better self-knowledge, better stress management and increased motivation to work. We tried from a relatively small sample to demonstrate that the approach of professional adult guidance can be implemented under certain conditions to different civilizational contexts. Its application can be considered as an alternative support and assistance for employees with another culture. It is from the effects of this device that our study contributes to the plurality of scientific knowledge in different sociocultural context.
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Women in Policing: Their Disillusion Phase at Work

Labaky, Elie January 2013 (has links)
Studies on the career paths of municipal police officers have revealed an emergence of four distinct phases which officers pass through during their professional careers, phases where the perception of their profession changes. These phases are more constant at the patrol officer level where most officers begin and finish their career. Among these four phases is the disillusion phase (between 6 and 13 years), where the expectations at work are not met. The perception of the police administration, the public and the criminal justice system, all become negative and the hope for promotions diminish. These studies were mainly conducted in a period where there were very few or no women in policing. Through a feminist perspective and a social constructionist theoretical framework, this thesis makes the hypothesis that because women have different expectations at work, a varying work/life balance and a contrasting aspiration to attain positions of power, women will live this second phase differently. To explore this hypothesis, data was collected from ten semi-structured interviews with female patrol officers having worked between 6 and 13 years in municipal police departments. A discourse analysis effectively shows significant differences for the reasons underlying our hypotheses. Even if they have some frustrations about certain aspects of their work, we did not see any disillusionment from any women in this phase.
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Rupture du contrat psychologique, stress et souffrance au travail : une recherche réalisée au sein du dispositif souffrance au travail du CHU Toulouse-Purpan / Breach of the psychological contract as a cause of stress and suffering at work : a research conducted in the psychological care center of the Toulouse Purpan Hospital (CHU)

Trentzsch-Joye, Sabine 19 September 2011 (has links)
Cette recherche a pour objet l’étude des déterminants et des effets psychosociaux des situations de travail en termes de stress et de souffrance. C’est sous l’angle du contrat psychologique qu’elle s’intéresse à l’impact des transformations du travail de ces dernières années sur les conditions de son exercice et les relations d’emploi. Elle porte plus particulièrement sur les processus d’interprétation des ruptures du contrat psychologique et les processus d’ajustement et de restructuration des sujets consécutifs aux évolutions de ces relations d’emploi. Au plan théorique la recherche se démarque sensiblement des modèles traditionnels en intégrant, dans l’étude du stress et de la souffrance au travail, les dynamiques subjectives. Notre position théorique considère que, le sujet est actif et pluriel dans sa socialisation et dans le développement de ses relations avec son contexte de travail, autant que dans la recherche de réponses aux exigences de l’organisation et aux siennes que dans les régulations subjectives des conflits qui en naissent. Une consultation hospitalière de souffrance au travail constitue le cadre de cette recherche. Les données recueillies auprès de 103 personnes reçues en accompagnement psychologique dans ce dispositif ont fait l’objet d’une analyse qualitative et d’une analyse quantitative. Des observations cliniques ont été systématiquement confrontées aux résultats d’analyses statistiques.Nous mettons en évidence un lien entre la perception d’une violation du contrat psychologique et la dégradation de l’état de santé psychologique des personnes reçues en consultation. Nous soulignons l’impact de la rupture du contrat, souvent déclenchée par une transformation dans le milieu du travail, autant sur l’individu que sur sa relation de travail. De ces observations et résultats ressort la nécessité de développer des démarches de prévention pluridisciplinaires / The purpose of this research is to study the origins and psychosocial consequences of the working situations leading to stress and mental suffering. It is looking primarily at how the psychological contract has been impacted by the changes that have evolved in the working environment in the past years. It is more particularly centered on the mental processes through which a breach of the psychological contract is being perceived and on the processes that are applied to cope with this altered employment relationship.From a theoretical standpoint, this research departs from the traditional approach to occupational stress insofar as it integrates subjective dynamics into the study of stress and suffering at work. Our theory suggests that the heterogeneous experiences and temporalities of employees have an influence on the organizational socialization as well as on the development of the employment relationship and the subjective regulation of conflicts. A local public hospital service offering psychological care for people suffering from their working situation provide the frame of the research. The information collected via this clinical work done with 103 persons is used for the qualitative and quantitative data analyses. The clinical observations are systematically compared to the results of the statistical analysis. We establish a link between the perception of a violation of the psychological contract and the deterioration of the mental health of the persons received in this psychological care center. We underline the impact of the contract’s breach, often a consequence of changes occurring in the working environment, on the individual as well as on the employment relationship. The empirical and the statistical results emphasize the need for the development and the implementation of psychosocial risks prevention measures by multidisciplinary working groups.
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Ossos do ofício: análise de marcadores de estresse ocupacional em séries esqueléticas da Baixada Santista - SP / Analysis of occupation stress markers in skeletal series of shellmounds of Baixada Santista - SP

Rafael Amaral Stabile 19 July 2017 (has links)
As últimas décadas viram ser publicados diversos trabalhos que se debruçaram sobre aspectos paleopatológicos de séries esqueléticas de sítios do tipo sambaqui. Tal como o litoral Sul e o restante do Sudeste, o seguimento paulista da costa brasileira apresenta grande quantidade de sítios do tipo sambaqui que guardam em si um grande potencial informativo. Entretanto, no levantamento realizado por Mendonça de Souza e colaboradores (2009) sobre os aspectos paleopatológicos dos sambaquis brasileiros, salienta-se a escassez de dados sobre as séries paulistas, que quando aparecem na literatura em geral restringem-se à duas ou três séries melhor estudadas. O presente estudo, de caráter exploratório, procurou gerar dados sobre o modo de vida dos grupos construtores de sambaquis do litoral de São Paulo, a partir dos padrões de ocorrência e distribuição dos sinais indicativos de osteoartrose. As articulações sinoviais de 48 indivíduos provenientes de dois sambaquis litorâneos da Baixada Santista foram analisadas quanto a frequência e distribuição dos seguintes sinais de osteoartrose: porosidade; eburnação; erosão; exostoses superficiais; labiamentos e osteófitos, considerando sua ocorrência diferenciada entre superfície e bordo da área articular. As séries estudadas apresentaram prevalências elevadas dos marcadores na maioria das áreas articulares destacadas. Os dados apontam para uma caracterização da osteoartrose nestas populações como um processo generalizado a nível populacional e individual e reforçam a interpretação vigente de que os grupos sambaquieiros devem ter exercido um domínio generalizado sobre as fontes alimentares e recursos necessários para a reprodução da vida material cotidiana. / The past decades witnessed the publication of several papers that dealt with paleopathological aspects of skeletal series of shellmoun-builters. As the southern coast and the rest of the Southeast Brazilian coast, the large number of shellmounds located in the São Paulo portion beheld information of great potential. However, in the study conducted by Mendonça de Souza et al. (2009) the scarcity of paleopathological data on the São Paulo series was highlighted, which when presented in the literature are generally restricted to the two or three best studied series. This exploratory study aimed to generate data about lifestyle of the shellmound-builters groups of the coast of São Paulo from the patterns of occurrence and distribution of signs indicative of osteoarthritis. The synovial joints of 48 individuals from two coastal sambaquis of Baixada Santista were analyzed for frequency and distribution of the following signs of osteoarthritis: pitting; eburnation; erosion; superficial new bone formation; lipping and osteophytes, considering its differentiated occurrence between surface and margin of the articular area. A high prevalence of injuries was noticed in most prominent articular areas. The data suggests a characterization of osteoarthrosis in these populations as a generalized process at the population and individual level.

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