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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Aktiers avkastning i relation till EV/Sales, EV/EBITDA och P/B : En kvantitativ studie om investeringsstrategier på Nasdaq First North mellan 2010-2021 / Common shares’ return in relation to EV/Sales, EV/EBITDA and P/B : A quantitative study of investment strategies on Nasdaq First North during 2010-2021

Gilani, Göransson, Adrian, Nizialek, Dawid January 2021 (has links)
Bakgrund: Med ett ökande intresse för aktier söker fler efter tips och knep för att åstadkomma det alla investerare strävar efter, att överprestera marknaden. Investeringsstrategier som ämnar slå marknaden har länge studerats på en rad olika marknader och över olika tidsperioder, men få har utförts på Nasdaq First North. Tidigare studier har främst fokuserat på större aktiemarknader likt NYSE eller FTSE, medan svenska studier tenderar att undersöka Stockholmsbörsen. Därmed finns ett utrymme att undersöka huruvida en investeringsstrategi kan konstrueras som kan slå Nasdaq First North över tid. Strategierna som analyseras bygger på de multiplar som anses mest lämpade för de relativt unga och små bolagen på First North. Syfte: Studien ämnar analysera om investeringsstrategier baserade på multiplarna EV/Sales, EV/EBITDA, och P/B kan utnyttjas för att generera överavkastning i såväl absoluta som riskjusterade mått över en längre tid gentemot jämförelseindexet First North All-Share, som utgörs av samtliga värdepapper noterade på aktiemarknaden First North. Metod: Studien använder sig av en kvantitativ forskningsansats med ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Datan för samtliga bolag noterade på First North under tidsperioden 2010- 2021 har hämtats in för att skapa lågt respektive högt värderade portföljer för varje multipel. Dessa har sedan utvärderats utifrån årlig och ackumulerad avkastning samt riskjusterade mått i form av Jensens alfa, Treynorkvot och Sharpekvot. Resultat: Fem av sex portföljer genererade ackumulerad överavkastning gentemot index medan samtliga portföljer överavkastat index sett till riskjusterade mått över studiens elvaåriga tidsperiod. Högst absolut avkastning genererades av den lågt värderade EV/Sales portföljen, och lägst avkastning genererades av den högt värderade P/B portföljen. / Background: With an increasing interest in the stock market, more people are searching for simple tips and tricks in order to achieve what all investors strive for, beating the market. Several investment strategies have been studied on different markets and over different time periods, however few of these on Nasdaq First North. Previous studies have mainly focused on larger stock markets such as the NYSE or FTSE, whilst Swedish studies tend to analyse Nasdaq Stockholm. As a result, there is room for examining whether an investment strategy can be constructed which can beat Nasdaq First North over time. The strategies which are analysed are based on the multiples deemed most suitable for the relatively young and small companies listed on First North. Purpose: The study aims to analyse whether investment strategies based on the valuation multiples EV/Sales, EV/EBITDA and P/B can be exploited to generate excess returns in both absolute and risk adjusted terms against the benchmark index First North All-Share, which is comprised of all stocks listed on the stock market First North.  Method: The study applies a quantitative research approach. Data for all companies listed on First North over the time period 2010-2021 have been collected in order to create low and high valued portfolios for each multiple. These have in turn been evaluated based on yearly and accumulated returns as well as risk adjusted measures such as their Jensens alpha, Treynor index and Sharpe ratio.  Results: Five of six portfolios generated excess accumulated returns against the benchmark index and all six generated excess risk adjusted returns against the benchmark index over the eleven-year time period. The highest absolute return was generated by the low EV/Sales portfolio and the lowest absolute return was generated by the high P/B portfolio.
12

Relativvärdering som investeringsstrategi tillämpat på nordiska verkstadsföretag : En kvantitativ studie på nordiska börser mellan 2012–2022 / Relative valuation as investment strategy applied on Nordic manufacturing companies

Skarfors, Andreas, Thunberg, Henrik January 2022 (has links)
Bakgrund: De senaste åren har svenska privatpersoner aktiehandel ökat markant. Det låga ränteläget tillsammans med lägre entrébarriärer har resulterat i att ett stadigt inflöde av nya användare har tillkommit till plattformar för aktiehandel. Det är dock ingen lätt uppgift att skapa överavkastning. Föreliggande studie ämnar undersöka om det med hjälp av relativvärdering kan skapas en strategi som konsekvent kan skapa en riskjusterad överavkastning. Studien har valt att fokusera på den nordiska verkstadsindustrin, som historiskt har gett en stabil avkastning och innehåller flera väletablerade företag. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att analysera om man med hjälp av nyckeltalen P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/B, EV/S och förändring av Cash Conversion Cycle kan skapa riskjusterad avkastning på nordiska verkstadsföretag som är högre än jämförelseindex under perioden 2012–2022. Metod: För att uppfylla studiens syfte har en kvantitativ studie med en deduktiv ansats använts. Ett urval ur Nasdaqs listade industriaktier med rensade från producerande och finansiella företag har använts för att skapa portföljer baserade på P/E, P/B, EV/S, EV/EBITDA och ΔCCC. Totalt 10 portföljer skapades, 5 baserade låga respektive 5 på höga nyckeltal. Portföljerna har sedan ombalanserats årligen, den observerade avkastningen har sedan riskjusterats och satts emot ett jämförelseindex. Resultat: Höga EV/EBITDA-, höga EV/S-, låga EV/EBITDA-, låga EV/EBITDA- och störst negativ ΔCCC-portföljerna presterade överavkastning under den aktuella perioden mellan 2012–2022 för verkstadsföretag i Norden. Portföljen som bestod av höga EV/EBITDA-aktier skapade högst riskjusterad avkastning. Totalt presterade 50% av portföljerna högre riskjusterad avkastning än jämförelseindex. Ingen av de överpresterande portföljerna visade sig vara signifikanta. / Background: In recent years, Swedish private equity trading has increased markedly. The low interest rate in addition to fewer entry barriers have resulted in a steady influx of new users of stock trading platforms. However, creating excess returns is no easy task. This study intends to investigate whether, with the help of relative valuation, a strategy can be created that can consistently create a risk-adjusted excess return. The study has chosen to focus on the Nordic manufacturing companies, which has historically provided a stable return and includes several well-established companies. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze whether the key figures P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/B, EV/S and Changes in Cash Conversion Cycle can create a risk adjusted return on Nordic manufacturing companies that is higher than the comparable stock index during the period 2012–2022. Method: To fulfill the purpose of the study, a quantitative study with a deductive approach has been used. A sample of Nasdaq listed industrial shares cleared of non-producing and financial companies has been used to create portfolios based on P/E, P/B, EV/S, EV/EBITDA and ΔCCC. A total of 10 portfolios were created, 5 based on low and 5 on high key figures. The portfolios have since been rebalanced annually, the observed return has since been risk adjusted and compared against a comparable index. Result: High EV/EBITDA-, high EV/S-, low EV/EBITDA-, low EV/EBITDA- and the largest negative ΔCCC portfolios achieved excess returns during the period between 2012–2022 for manufacturing companies in the Nordic countries. The portfolio consisting of high EV/EBITDA stocks created the highest risk-adjusted return. In total, 50% of the portfolios performed higher risk adjusted return than the benchmark index. None of the overperforming portfolios proved to be significant.
13

Konstrukce portfolia pomocí fundamentálních faktorů / Stock Portfolio Construction and Fundamentals

Bastin, Jan January 2010 (has links)
The final thesis deals with the construction of a stock portfolio. The traditional portfolio theory models of Markowitz and Sharpe and anomalies based on fundamentals are shown and applied in Germany. In the first part, portfolio theory and fundamentals are explained. The mathematical model is demonstrated in the second part. Empirical results are shown in the last part.
14

Värdebolag vs tillväxtbolag i en lågräntemiljö 2010-2019 : En jämförande studie mellan två investeringsstrategier genom beräkning av den riskjusterade avkastningen

Hardenbildt Nilsson, Claes, Wiklund, Samuel January 2022 (has links)
Intresset för sparande och aktiemarknaden har ökat kraftigt på senare år. Det kan delvis förklaras av att aktiemarknaden har blivit betydligt mer lättillgänglig med den digitala utvecklingen vilket har skapat nya förutsättningar för privatsparare att ta del av aktiemarknaden. Sverige och stora delar av omvärlden har även befunnit sig i en period med fallande marknadsräntor på senare år vilket även det kan ha lett till ett ökat sparande i aktier. Detta väckte intresset hos författarna att utföra denna studie under en tidsperiod med stora förändringar för investerare. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka ifall en tillväxtorienterad strategi har skapat en högre riskjusterad avkastning än en värdeorienterad strategi under en period som präglats av en lågräntemiljö på den svenska aktiemarknaden. Data från Eikon och SHoF har samlats in för att utforma portföljer utifrån nyckeltalen P/E och P/B i enlighet med studiens definition av värde eller tillväxtaktier. Därefter har portföljernas riskjusterade avkastning beräknats genom två faktormodeller, Carhart 4-faktormodell och Fama & French 3-faktormodell. Portföljernas alfa har sedan jämförts för att få svar på om värde eller tillväxtportföljerna har genererat den högsta överavkastningen. Resultatet indikerar att tillväxtportföljerna har presterat bättre än värdeportföljerna om alla portföljers alfa summeras. Tillväxtportföljen P/B höga är den portfölj som har haft det högsta överavkastningen. Värdeportföljen P/E låga hade även den en överavkastning mot marknaden om än lägre än P/B höga. Resultatet skiljer sig mot tidigare studiers resultat generellt i och med att för de flesta tidsperioder och marknader så har en värdepremie funnits. Resultatet för denna studie indikerar att tillväxtportföljerna har gått väldigt starkt under andra halvan av tidsperioden, under denna tidsperiod så blev även marknadsräntorna i Sverige negativa.
15

The Value and Growth Investment Strategies on the Swedish Stock Market : Is it financially beneficial to invest in stocks based on the value of their P/E and P/B multiples?

Forsberg, Beatrice, Sundqvist, Johan January 2022 (has links)
Background: As the goal of most investors is to generate excess returns as compared tothe broad market, different investment strategies to perform such a feat have been studied thoroughly for decades. One strategy which has performed particularly well is the value investment strategy, where securities that appear cheap relative to some of their fundamental values are invested in. More recently, the growth investment strategy, where securities are instead bought if some of their fundamental values are expected to rise rapidly in the future, has caught more attention from investors. As the efficient market hypothesis suggests that no investment strategy should be able to consistently generate excess returns without any luck involved, it is of interest to examine whether the aforementioned strategies act in congruence with the hypothesis. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze if the value and growth investment strategies generate superior returns as well as risk-adjusted excess returns when compared to the Swedish stock market. The study also aims to analyze how the performance of the strategies varies during periods of different market sentiments. Methodology: This study used a quantitative method in its data collection and was conducted using a deductive approach. Six synthetic portfolios were created to test the strategies’ performance. The stocks which constituted the synthetic portfolios were chosen based on their P/E and P/B values from the Refinitiv Eikon platform, and the portfolios were rebalanced annually over the entire analyzed time period. The Swedish All-Share index, OMXSGI, was used as a proxy for the market portfolio. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, the growth portfolios, more so than the value portfolios, were found to generate greater statistically significant returns as compared to the broad market during the analyzed time period. Although not all portfolios generated excess returns, the study may still add to the evidence that disproves the efficient market hypothesis.
16

Variations in Community Fish Production and Diversity Across the Appalachians: Implications for Climate Change

Myers, Bonnie J. E. 04 March 2014 (has links)
Climate change is considered a major threat to freshwater ecosystems through altering biodiversity, structure, and function. Having a thorough understanding of how diverse ecosystems respond to temperature change is vital to ecosystem management and conservation. During summer 2012, I quantified fish biomass, somatic growth, secondary production, and habitat data for fish communities in 25 Appalachian streams from Vermont to North Carolina. Multiple statistical tests were conducted to determine the relationship between community fish production and air and water temperature, species thermal guild production and air and water temperature, and the relationship between community fish production and diversity. Community fish production estimates ranged from 0.15 to 6.79 g m-2 yr-1 and community P/B ratios ranged from 0.21 to 1.07. No significant differences existed between mean community production estimates at the cold-water, cool-water, warm-water, and extreme northern sites (P=0.19), but P/B ratios in the extreme northern streams were statistically higher than mean community P/B in cold- and cool-water streams in the southern Appalachians (P=0.002). Water temperatures had a positive effect on community fish production (P=0.01) while air temperatures did not (P=0.10). Both air and water temperatures were significant in predicting whether community production would be dominated by cold-water or cool-water fish (P=0.001, P<0.0001, respectively). Community fish production was significantly, positively related to species richness (R2=0.38, P=0.001) and was one of the highest correlates of community production (R2=0.52). As climate change alters freshwater ecosystems, fish communities may transform by means of shifting fish abundance, biomass, and production among species ultimately affecting ecosystem structure, function, and biodiversity. / Master of Science
17

Ações de crescimento e valor no Brasil: um estudo dos retornos e determinantes da convergência do múltiplo P/B

Geraldes, Rodrigo Santoro 18 December 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Rodrigo Geraldes (santorogeraldes@gmail.com) on 2015-01-07T20:21:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Rodrigo Geraldes.pdf: 932680 bytes, checksum: 9210f1d5ccf8429d91b3f739768aa595 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by JOANA MARTORINI (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2015-01-07T20:29:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Rodrigo Geraldes.pdf: 932680 bytes, checksum: 9210f1d5ccf8429d91b3f739768aa595 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-08T13:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Rodrigo Geraldes.pdf: 932680 bytes, checksum: 9210f1d5ccf8429d91b3f739768aa595 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-18 / Este trabalho busca compreender melhor as fontes de retorno de ações de valor e crescimento e os determinantes da convergência do indicador preço sobre valor patrimonial (P/B). Foram criados seis carteiras durante o período de 2001 a 2013, sendo elas classificadas de acordo com o seu múltiplo (P/B) e sua capitalização de mercado. O retorno divido entre dividendos e ganhos de capital, este foi dividido em: (1) crescimento do valor patrimonial, (2) convergência do indicador preço sobre valor patrimonial (P/B), devido a reversão de rentabilidade, crescimento e retorno esperado e (3) efeito drift. Também buscou-se determinar quais os principais fatores macro que afetam a convergência do indicador P/B. Foi realizada uma regressão linear múltipla utilizando como variáveis independentes a valorização do Ibovespa, PIB, juros reais, surpresa inflacionária e dummies (small, growth e value). A carteira big growth apresentou o melhor desempenho, seguido da carteira small value. O retorno de dividendos foi mais importante para os portfólios big em relação à small e para as carteiras value em relação às growth. Ao analisar o ganho de capital, verificou-se que o crescimento do valor patrimonial é maior para empresas growth, enquanto o efeito da convergência é mais importante para empresas valor. Verificou-se que o retorno do Ibovespa, surpresa inflacionária e o baixo valor de mercado influenciam positivamente a convergência do P/B. Já o pagamento os juros reais, PIB e a dummy growth influenciam negativamente. / This work seeks to better understand the sources of return in value and growth stocks, also to understand the main determinants of the convergence in price-to-book ratios. Six portfolios were created during 2001 to 2013 according to their P/B ratio and market cap. The return was divided between dividends and capital gains, the last was broken into: (1) growth of book value per share, (2) convergence in price-to-book ratios due to mean reversal in profitability, growth and expected returns, and (3) Drift effect. We also tried to determine the main factors that affect the convergence of P/B. Multiple regression was performed using as independent variables the returns of Ibovespa, GDP, interest rates, unexpected inflation and dummies (small, growth and value). The big growth portfolio was the best performance, followed by the small value portfolio. Dividends return was more important for big than value portfolios. When analyzing capital gain returns, it was found that book value growth is more important for growth companies, while the convergence of P/B is higher for value. It was found that the returns of Ibovespa, unexpected inflation and low market cap have a positive influence on convergence. On the other hand, interest rates, GDP and growth dummy have a negative influence.
18

A Comparative Study of Peters and Pomeroy's Fourth Edition of Commercial Law and Texas Statutes and Rulings and a Texas Supplement Thereto

Gullion, James Paul January 1941 (has links)
In Peters and Pomeroy's fourth edition of Commercial Law, a number of cases are cited where there is a difference between the laws and rulings of the various states. There are only three cases in which the difference is given. The procedure was to find all of the cases in which there is any doubt as to the Texas law, and to quote the law or ruling as given by Peters and Pomeroy, and then to give the law or ruling of the State of Texas.
19

P/B i kombination med marknadsvärde : En studie på Stockholmsbörsen 2006 - 2016 / P/B in combination with market value : A study on the Stockholm Stock Exchange 2006 – 2016

Lundgren, Anton, Ahlgren, Sara January 2017 (has links)
Bakgrund: Denna studie är ett test av investeringsstrategi baserad på relativvärdering av multiplar. Den multipel som kommer att studeras som investeringsstrategi är Price-to-Book (P/B). Valet av multipel på P/B beror på att det är en väl omskriven multipel som fortfarande väcker frågeställningar avseende betydelsen av bokfört värde i kombination med marknadsvärde. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och analysera multipeln P/B som investeringsstrategi för aktier. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka aktier med låga respektive höga P/B från de olika börslistorna Small, Mid och Large Cap på Stockholmsbörsen. Genomförande: Sex portföljer skapas baserat på låga respektive höga P/B från de marknadsvärdemässiga börslistorna Small, Mid och Large Cap på Stockholmsbörsen. Portföljerna ombalanseras årligen och följs mellan 2006 och 2016. Resultat: Fyra av sex portföljer har högre ackumulerad avkastning än jämförelseindex före och efter riskjustering. Dock hindrar svag statistisk evidens påvisande av överavkastning över tid. På motsvarande vis finnes svaga säkerställda skillnader i avkastning mellan låga och höga P/B. Ej heller förefaller det förekomma signifikanta skillnader i avkastning och risk mellan portföljer på Small, Mid och Large Cap. / Background: This study is a test of an investment strategy based on relative valuation of multiples. The multiple to be studied is Price-to-Book (P/B). P/B is chosen because although previously researched, the implications of book values paired with market values are still not well understood. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine and analyze the multiple P/B as an investment strategy for stocks. Moreover, this study intends to examine stocks with low and high P/B: s from the Small, Mid and Large Cap on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Completion: Six portfolios are created based on low and high P/B: s respectively from the market value-based stock exchange lists Small, Mid and Large Cap on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. The portfolios are rebalanced annually and are followed between 2006 and 2016. Results: Four out of six portfolios exhibit higher levels of cumulative returns than the chosen stock index before and after adjusting for risk. However, weak statistical evidence prevent conclusive showings of excess returns over time. Similarly, we find weak support for differences in returns between low and high P/B: s. Neither does there seem to exist significant differences in return and risk between the Small, Mid and Large Cap.
20

發光二極體封裝產業企業評價之研究 / The Research of Business Valuation in LED-Packaging Industry

王士維 Unknown Date (has links)
企業評價對於投資決策有重大的影響,不論是發行上市、或是機構投資人選擇投資標的、乃至於併購或是清算,企業評價都是一切的基礎。再加上近來各界對於節能產業的重視,發光二極體封裝產業正如日中天的高度成長,如何能夠正確地衡量此產業的企業價值,實是機構投資人或是一般大眾關心的課題。此外,實務界長久以來詬病證管會所採用的承銷價格公式,乃是結合不同評價模式的方式來評斷發行股票公司之正確股票價值,但實證結果往往發現此公式會造成股價被低估的現象。 本研究以台灣地區共六家發光二極體封裝產業上市櫃公司為例,以其民國八十七年至九十四年的財務數據和資料,以五年為一階段,利用七種不同的評價模式:三階段成長現金流量折現法、三階段成長本益比法、三階段成長股價淨值比法、三階段股價銷售額比法、市場比較本益比法、市場比較股價淨值比法以及市場比較股價銷售額比法,預期九十二年初至九十五年初之理論實際股價,並與實際的市價作一比較,利用THEIL所提出的THEIL’S U值來比較不同評價模型與實際市價差距的績效,以選出最適合發光二極體封裝產業之企業評價模式。 本研究更進一步探討長久以來被實務界所詬病的綜合評價模式(結合不同的評價模式),試著經過第一階段實證結果的篩選,利用簡單權重結合本產業最佳和次佳的企業評價模式,以得到一個評價績效更勝於最佳評價模式的綜合評價法。 實證結果顯示,發光二極體最佳評價模型乃為市場比較股價銷售額比法(THEIL’S U=0.3515),而三階段成長現金流量折現法,則適用於產業較穩定的情況下。突破性的發現則為,利用THEIL’S U值來比較評價績效而選出的最佳和次佳模型,在分別給予簡單權重(ex:50%:50%、60%:40%等)的情況下所得到的綜合評價法,其THEIL’S U值(<0.3515)比當初單一最佳評價法--市場比較股價銷售額比法(0.3515)還要來得低,顯示綜合評價法的有效性的確存在,並值得各界參考。此外,亦發現給予最佳評價法較大權重時,更可以進一步提昇綜合評價法之績效。此結果反駁了實務界長久以來對於綜合評價法的不信任,也給予證管會一個修正承銷價格公式的方向。跨類型的評價法結合並不是不可行,但是需要第一階段各個評價法的評價績效驗證,讓較佳的評價模式彼此結合以產生資訊互補的效果。

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