Contrairement aux liquides ordinaires, les fluides complexes comme le sang exhibent des comportements étranges qui dépendent essentiellement des structures sous-jacentes qui les composent. La simulation des écoulements sanguins continue de poser un formidable défi pour les modélisations théoriques et numériques dont l'intérêt est de développer des méthodes et des outils de simulation pour la communauté médicale. Nous proposons dans cette thèse une contribution à ce projet qui sera majoritairement centré sur les aspects numériques et informatiques. Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à l'interaction entre le sang et la paroi vasculaire, qui joue un rôle important dans les grandes artères comme l'aorte. Nous nous sommes aussi investis dans la simulation du transport des cellules sanguines dans le sang. Pour la résolution des équations aux dérivées partielles décrivant nos modèles d'hémodynamique, nous avons choisi d'utiliser des méthodes numériques dont la précision pourra être accrue de manière arbitraire. Dans ce but, les principaux ingrédients qui ont été mis en oeuvre sont (i) la méthode des éléments finis basée sur des approximations de Galerkin d'ordre arbitraire en espace et géométrie, (ii) la méthode ALE pour la prise en compte de la mobilité des domaines pour des déplacements d'ordre arbitraire, (iii) les couplages implicites et semi-implicites pour l'interaction fluide-structure. Nous proposons également une nouvelle formulation de la méthode de la frontière élargie visant à modéliser le transport de particules déformables immergées dans un fluide. Nos simulations numériques se sont appuyées sur la librairie de calcul Feel++, spécialisée dans la résolution d'EDP. Outre l'implémentation des modèles physiques, nous y avons développé diverses fonctionnalités nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre de nos méthodes : interpolation, méthode de Galerkin non standard, méthode ALE, environnement pour l'interaction fluide-structure. De plus, de par la taille des géométries et la complexité des modèles mis en jeu, le passage au calcul parallèle a été indispensable pour pouvoir réaliser nos simulations. Ainsi, nous avons décrit le développement qui a été effectué dans cette librairie pour permettre le déploiement de nos programmes sur des architectures parallèles. / Unlike ordinary liquids, complex fluids such as blood exhibit strange behavior mainly dependent underlying structures that compose them. Simulation of blood flow remains a formidable challenge for theoretical and numerical modeling whose interest is to develop methods and simulation tools for the medical community. We propose in this work a contribution to this project will be mainly focused on numerical and computational aspects. We are particularly interested in the interaction between the blood and the vascular wall, which plays an important role in the large arteries as the aorta. We also invested in transport simulation of blood cells in the blood. For solving partial differential equations describing our hemodynamic models we chose to use numerical methods whose accuracy can be increased arbitrarily. For this purpose, the main ingredients that have been used are textit {(i)} the finite element method based on Galerkin approximations of arbitrary order in space and geometry, (i) the ALE method for taking into account the mobility of areas for movements of arbitrary order, (ii) the implicit and semi-implicit coupling for fluid-structure interaction. We also propose a new formulation of the method of boundary extended to model the transport of deformable particles immersed in a fluid. Our numerical simulations were based on the library Feel++ specializing on the EDP resolution. In addition to implementing physical models, we have developed various features are necessary for the implementation our methods: interpolation, Galerkin non-standard method, ALE method, framework for fluid-structure interaction. In addition, the size and geometry of the complexity of the models involved, the transition to parallel computing was essential in order to achieve our simulations. Thus, we have described the development was carried out in the library to allow deployment of our programs on parallel architectures.

L'orthographe du français : usages et représentations d'adultes socio-différenciés. Approche pluridisciplinaire.Dans une perspective linguistique, psycholinguistique, sociolinguistique et didactique, qui intègre le plan cognitif et les facteurs sociaux, ce travail de thèse porte sur l'étude de la variation orthographique dans les pratiques et les représentations de l'orthographe du français d'usagers de la langue qui, par obligation professionnelle ou scolaire, écrivent quotidiennement : des scripteurs adultes en cours d'apprentissage (élèves de lycée professionnel) et des scripteurs experts (secrétaires, DRH et futurs enseignants du secondaire).Le questionnement de cette recherche sur l'enjeu social de l'orthographe se centre plus précisément sur la manière dont les usagers de la langue écrite, en difficulté ou en relative sécurité, se construisent des savoirs orthographiques et se représentent l'orthographe ; il pourrait se formuler en ces termes : Face au système complexe de l'écriture du français, quels sont les secteurs de fragilité ou d'insécurité orthographique des scripteurs experts et des scripteurs en difficulté ? En d'autres termes, ces secteurs recouvrent-ils les zones d'instabilité du code graphique ? Quels jugements les scripteurs portent-ils sur l'orthographe et sur leurs pratiques orthographiques, ainsi que sur les propositions d'une nouvelle réforme ?Les objectifs que recouvrent ces questions sont nombreux, cette recherche essaie d'apporter des éléments de réponse sur 1/ la variation orthographique dans les écrits formels afin de déterminer les secteurs de fragilité orthographique des usagers de la langue écrite ; 2/ les patrons ou schémas intériorisés, responsables des variantes orthographiques ; 3/ l'existence d'une demande sociale ou non, de la part des « professionnels » de l'orthographe, en matière d'une réforme orthographique.Somme toute, cette recherche permet de comprendre les difficultés orthographiques d'un certain nombre d'adolescents et d'adultes dans une société où l'on produit de plus en plus d'écrits et où la compétence de lecture et d'écriture est déterminante pour l'insertion sociale et professionnelle. Les analyses tant qualitatives et quantitatives menées ont permis de dégager un profil général de chacun des publics observés au regard des données croisées de leurs compétences orthographiques et de leurs représentations.Enfin, ce travail offre, en ouverture, une réflexion renouvelée sur l'orthographe actuelle et propose des suggestions dans une perspective de formation des enseignants à la variation orthographique - informer des tendances fortes repérées, apporter des outils théoriques pour favoriser les apprentissages. / Uses and Representations of French Spelling in Socially Differentiated Adults.A Multidisciplinary ApproachThis thesis examines orthographic variation from a linguistic, psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic and didactic perspective, integrating both cognitive and social factors. More specifically, it focuses on this variation in the French-spelling practices and representations of language users who use the written medium daily, due to either professional or educational obligations. The users in question are adult writers in the process of learning (sixth form students at a vocational secondary school) and expert writers (secretaries, human resources managers and future secondary school teachers). This research questions the social stakes of spelling, focusing more specifically on 1/ how users of written language, whether they have difficulties or are relatively secure in their uses, build orthographical knowledge and 2/ the representations they have of spelling. The key question could be expressed in the following terms: in the face of the complex French writing system, what are the areas of fragility or orthographical insecurity among expert writers and writers with difficulties? In other words, do these areas overlap with the areas of instability that exist within the French writing system? What judgments do these writers make regarding spelling and their own orthographic practice, and regarding suggestions for a new reform of the spelling system?These questions address a number of aims and this research attempts to provide some answers concerning 1/ spelling variation in formal writing, in order to determine areas of spelling fragility among users of written language; 2/ the internalised patterns or schemas that are responsible for spelling variants; 3/ the existence of social demand for spelling reform on the part of spelling “professionals”. In sum, this study allows an understanding of the spelling difficulties faced by a certain number of adults and adolescents in a society in which more and more written texts are produced and in which competence in reading and writing is a determining factor for social and professional integration. The qualitative and quantitative analyses conducted allow a general profile of each of the groups of writers observed to be drawn up, on the basis of cross-referenced data about their orthographic competence and representations. Finally, this work opens up the perspective of renewed reflection about current spelling and puts forward suggestions for training teachers in orthographic variation i.e. informing them about the strong tendencies identified and providing theoretical tools to foster learning.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:31:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 giraldi_ipb_me_arafcl.pdf: 1208852 bytes, checksum: ed1655bd8de9870a452a086fc019c537 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A partir de uma perspectiva bioecológica de pesquisa, elaborada por Urie Bronfenbrenner e, apoiada por outros estudiosos, como os trabalhos de Gimeno Sacristán, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi o de analisar concepções e expectativas de professores, alunos e familiares sobre o alto, o médio e o baixo desempenho escolar e considerar a constituição das mesmas em possíveis estabilidades e mudanças no decorrer da experiência escolar de alunos no Ensino Fundamental I. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, teórica/prática, numa cidade no interior do Estado de São Paulo, numa escola pública municipal, em uma sala de aula de 2º ano e em uma de 5º ano, cada uma com uma professora responsável. Tais docentes tiveram um papel fundamental ao estudo por aceitarem o convite para participar do mesmo fornecendo informações e, além disso, cada uma indicou seis estudantes, seguindo os critérios préestabelecidos de serem dois alunos de cada grupo: alto, médio e baixo desempenho escolar, total de doze alunos com suas respectivas famílias. Foram realizadas entrevistas com a referida tríade e observações da prática pedagógica em períodos distintos (1º, 2º e 4º bimestre escolar). Os resultados foram organizados em dois momentos: primeiramente foram destacadas concepções gerais sobre funções da escola, papéis sociais, conceito de infância e de aluno. Neste momento, foi possível conhecer o espaço escolar, expondo a rotina dos sujeitos e a realidade da unidade. Na sequência as concepções e expectativas sobre os diferenciados desempenhos escolares foram analisadas trazendo, inicialmente, as categorias gerais de apreciação de cada desempenho contrastadas com vivencias de sujeitos específicos que experienciavam o desempenho discutido. Ao analisar as idéias gerais sobre cada desempenho, verificou que estas não se ajustavam indistintamente a todos os alunos... / Based in a bioecological perspective, developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner and supported by other scholars as the work of Gimeno Sacristán, the main objective of this study is to examine concepts and expectations of teachers, students and families about the high, medium and low performance and consider the constitution of possible stabilities and changes in the course of the school experience of students in elementary school. To achieve this objective, it was conducted a qualitative, theoretical/practical research in a city in the countryside of the State of Sao Paulo. From an invitation to teachers of a school, there had been adherence to search and, from this, a teacher from the second year and another one from the fifth year indicated six students, according to the preestablished criteria of two students from each group: high, medium, and low school performance, total of twelve students with their families. Interviews were conducted with the triad and observations of pedagogical practice in different periods (1, 2 and 4 two-month periods). The results were organized into two phases; firstly were highlighted general conceptions about functions of the school, social roles, concepts of childhood and student. It was possible to know the educational space, exposing the routine of the people and the reality of the unit. Secondly, the ideas and expectations about the different school performances were analyzed, initially considering the general categories of each performance, contrasted with the reality of people who specifically experienced the performance in discussion. It was possible to notice that there have been changes in perceptions of specific people opposed to general ideas, however, essentially, the teacher from second year thought that distinguished school performances were related to the field of linguistic code (mainly), the same was true with the teacher from fifth year... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Marilda do Couto Cavalcanti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T11:34:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CostadePaula_Rogeria_D.pdf: 4056214 bytes, checksum: 7ac3c200f2f95e10e16ef7998f5468b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é bipartido: (a) investigar as performances de raça e racializações de cinco adolescentes negras, na faixa etária entre 13 e 18 anos, constituintes de uma comunidade de prática (WENGER, 1999), em grupos focais mediados por textos veiculados na seção de beleza em revistas femininas e (b) interpretar os posicionamentos sociointeracionais ocupados nessas performances. A questão norteadora do estudo é como as adolescentes participantes da pesquisa constroem seus corpos/cabelos em eventos de letramentos mediados por textos multimodais em revistas femininas. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa tem um viés etnográfico, visto que se trata de "um processo deliberado de investigação, guiado por um ponto de vista" (ERICKSON, 1984, p. 51). O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de trabalho de campo em uma cidade do interior do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de abril de 2006 a dezembro de 2007. Os conceitos-chave do arcabouço teórico da tese são performances/performatividades (BUTLER, 1999/1990) e posicionamento (WORTHAM, 2001; VAN LANGENHOVE, HARRÈ, 1999; WORTHEN, 1995). O conceito de performance, segundo Butler (1999/1990), focaliza gêneros/sexualidades e foi aqui ampliado para incluir raça/racializações. Essa ampliação demandou a necessidade de problematização do conceito de raça. Em relação a posicionamento, o caminho seguido foi uma associação entre as propostas dos três autores mencionados. Assim, utilizo as pistas interacionais apontadas por Wortham (2001) para interpretar quando um posicionamento é assumido/tomado e considero também os tipos de posicionamento categorizados por Van Langenhove e Harrè (1999) e as noções de performances/performatividades (BUTLER, 1999/1990; WORTHEN, 1995) para interpretar as performances das participantes, indicando as tomadas de agência e as performatividades construídas pelas adolescentes. A análise de dados mostra as adolescentes construindo seus corpos/cabelos como parte de um projeto político de identificação social coerente com as demandas da vida social que valorizam. Além disso, os dados mostram que as performances de raça são constantemente amalgamadas por performances de gêneros/sexualidades. Nas performances, as adolescentes assumem diferentes posicionamentos por meio dos quais se inserem em categorias sociais como uma dada raça e um determinado gênero/sexualidade. Finalmente, a análise mostra as adolescentes encenando constantes processos de tornar-se, nos quais elas são agentes de suas identificações. Com base no estudo realizado, discuto implicações para o letramento escolar / Abstract: The aim of this PhD dissertation is binary: (a) to investigate the performances of race and racialization of five black teenagers, aged between 13 and 18, belonging to a community of practice (Wenger, 1999), in focus groups, mediated by texts from the beauty section of woman magazines, and (b) to investigate the sociointeractionist positions occupied by the girls in these performances. The research question which guides the study is how the black teenagers build their bodies/hair in literacy events mediated by multimodal texts in woman magazines. The research is qualitative and it has an ethnographic orientation, since it is "a deliberate process of research, led by a point of view" (ERICKSON, 1984, p. 51). The study was developed through fieldwork in a town in the state of Rio de Janeiro, from April 2006 to December 2007. The key theoretical concepts in the data analysis are performances/performativities (BUTLER, 1990) and positioning (WORTHAM, 2001; LANGENHOVE, HARRÈ, 1999; WORTHEN, 1995). The concept of performance, according to Butler (1999/1990), focuses on gender/sexuality and in this thesis it was expanded to include race/racialization. To accomplish this expansion, it was necessary to question the concept of "race." Regarding the concept of positioning, the path followed was to combine the proposals made by Wortham (2001), Langenhove e Harrè (1999) and Worthen (1995). Thus, I use the interactional clues indicated by Wortham (2001) to interpret when a positioning is assumed/taken and I take into consideration the categorization regarding kinds of positioning by Van Langenhove and Harrè (1999), and the concept of performance/performativity put forward by Butler (1999/1990) and Worthen (1995) to interpret the participant?s performances and performativities. The data analysis show that the teenagers build their bodies/hair as part of a political project of social identification consistent with what they value in social life. Furthermore, the data show that performances of race are constantly intermingled with performances of gender/sexuality. In their performances, the teenagers take different positions through which they insert themselves into social categories such as a given race and a certain gender/sexuality. Finally, the analysis indicates that the multimodality of contemporary media texts offer a range of identifications that allow the readers to reposition themselves socially through transgressive performativities, i.e, staging constant processes of becoming, in which the teenagers are agents of their own identifications. As a follow-up to the data analysis, I draw implications to school literacy / Doutorado / Multiculturalismo, Plurilinguismo e Educação Bilingue / Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

Orientador: Suzi Frankl Sperber / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T18:09:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Colla_AnaCristina_D.pdf: 8377075 bytes, checksum: ba7c43959a498a2aab38da24874afca5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O presente projeto se desdobrou entre o território da prática e o da escrita. Duas linhas de investigação paralelas e complementares, possíveis no trabalho do ator. Após dezessete anos de pesquisa coletiva no Lume como atriz pesquisadora, tornou-se urgente vivenciar um novo desafio, colocar-me novamente em situação de risco, experimentar um processo prático de pesquisa que conduzisse a uma ressignificação de meus códigos corporais e à ampliação dos mesmos. Propus-me a construção de um espetáculo solo sob a orientação e direção do dançarino de Butoh Tadashi Endo, cujo mote criativo foram memórias de infância. Após meses de investigação deu-se origem ao espetáculo "Você", nossa narrativa poético-prática. Foram realizadas, até o momento, 39 apresentações públicas, nas cidades de São Paulo, Goiânia, Araraquara e Campinas. Quando nos propomos a uma narrativa escrita sobre um processo de criação de um espetáculo teatral e os procedimentos que envolvem essa investigação e a apresentação cênica resultante desse processo, nossa narrativa da cena, circulamos entre duas narrativas distintas, cujos receptores também possuem diferentes expectativas: os que acessam através da escrita, esperam encontrar "viabilidade", comprovação, verossimilhança, nos procedimentos aplicados e o receptor da poética cênica pretende ser encantado. Racional e sensível. Como unir as duas vias na narração escrita, sendo também ela uma criação poética capaz de seduzir, conduzindo o leitor aos meandros da criação, associando a ela a informação, compreensível em si? O que se ambicionou foi que através da narração dos fatos se desse a organização dos procedimentos da experiência adquirida e na vivência das experiências a construção da memória do corpo, na organização dos procedimentos sua repetição e possível transmissão. Experiência, narração e informação. Imagem e memória. O ator que se propõe a escrever sai da cena para integrar outros papéis, o de narrador de uma experiência particular e única, do qual é parte integrante. Qual é a narrativa possível foi uma das buscas desse projeto. Como organizar procedimentos de maneira a auxiliar sua visualização, análise e avaliação bem como sua transmissão, mantendo o princípio do frescor da experiência? Elaborar uma narrativa, também ela, capaz de provocar uma experiência em quem a recebe. Organizar uma experiência singular de maneira a ser plural / Abstract: This Project developed itself among territories of practicing and writing. Two parallel ways of investigation, possible in the actor's work. After 17 years of collective research at "Lume" as a researcher actress, turned out urgent to live a new challenge. To put myself again in a risky situation, to experiment a practical research process that led me to a new position of my body codes and their enlargement. I propose myself to the creation of a solo show under the direction and orientation of a Butoh's dancer - Tadashi Endo - which creative motives were childhood memories. After some months of investigation the show "You" was created, our poetic and practical story. Until this moment, 39 public shows were presented in the following cities: Sao Paulo, Goiania, Araraquara and Campinas. When he propose ourselves to a written narrative about a creative process of a theatric show and all the procedures that involves these investigations and the scenic presentation that results from this process, our narrative scenes, we went through two different narratives which also have two different expectations: those that have the access of the writing expect to find viability, proves and similarity in the applied procedures. And the receptor of the scenic poetry intends to be enchanted, rationally and sensitively. How can you put together these two ways of written narrative which are also the poetic creation, able to seduce, leading the readers to the ways of creation, and associating these ways to the information comprehensive in itself? The ambition was that through the narrative of the facts, the organization of the procedures of the experiences could happen, and in living these experiences, the construction of the body memory, their repetition and possible convey. Experience, narrative and information. Image and memory. The actor that proposes to write gets out of the scene to integrate other parts, the part of the narrator of a unique and particular experience that makes him a full part of that. The possible narrative was one of the searches of this project. How to organize procedures in a way that could help its view, analysis and evaluation, as much as it's convey keeping the principle of the experience freshness? To elaborate a narrative that it's also able to cause an experience to the one that receives. To pass through a singular experience and turn it in a plural way / Doutorado / Artes Cenicas / Doutor em Artes

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-01-02T19:05:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cleber de Sousa Carvalho - 2016.pdf: 4402314 bytes, checksum: e2bad7f5fa3908ba2cb1a855795cd2d6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-03T09:54:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cleber de Sousa Carvalho - 2016.pdf: 4402314 bytes, checksum: e2bad7f5fa3908ba2cb1a855795cd2d6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-03T09:54:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cleber de Sousa Carvalho - 2016.pdf: 4402314 bytes, checksum: e2bad7f5fa3908ba2cb1a855795cd2d6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-19 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This dissertation shows reflections about the Festivity in Honor of Our Lady of the Rosary and Saint Benedict of Village João Vaz (Goiânia, GO) and the body movements of the congo’s dancers of Terno de Congo Verde e Preto focusing on processing procedures and permanence which are subject traditions and expressions of popular culture. The Rosary celebrations of black men are also known as Congada parties or Congado are produced from a conversion universe to Catholicism present in Brazil, since the colonial period with an ambiguous character who reconstructed and a new meant the sacred made its own and articulated with knowledge and concepts bounded to the ancestral notion of Bantu people. Onwards from a theoretical reference aligned by an interdisciplinary aproach the research purpose is to perceive how the congadeiros of Village João Vaz, especially the participants of congo’s dancers, they living the processes of transformation and permanence of their rituals and body movements (dancing, singing and drumming). To do this, initially, will be shown the structure of the Feast of the João Vaz, its relations with Congada Party of Catalan (GO), and main ceremonies, enabling the perception of the cycle of the Feaste, from the participation of Terno de Congo Verde e Preto. Then we will discuss about the contact’s points between the processes of urbanization and modernity and the ceremonies of the Feast of João Vaz that have presented to “congadeiros” the necessity of modifications and new meanings in their rituals, as the demands of urban life. So understand that, the same time that the life settings in the city point to the formation of an individualistic and apathetic subjectivit based on monetary values it was observed as the existence of manifestations of popular culture as the Congada between others present in regions considered marginalized comunities that they went occupied by people with limited financial resources who value sociability, solidarity coexistence affection and friendship. Finally, we will discuss about how the dancers of Terno de Congo Verde e Preto are living the changes and continuities in the configuration of body movements and rituals they perform, in view of the embodiment of knowledge that are manifested in dancing, singing and drumming, as basic features make up the african-Brazilian performances. The survey conducted the understanding of the interrelationships between the material sphere of existence and spiritual or symbolic sphere that operated in the manifestations of popular culture. This being one of the aspects that allow the observation of their movements and transformations and the realization that the knowledge of Congada that are sedimented in Congadeiro(congo dancer) body in built-in memory, the formation of a habitus, which manifests in festive ceremonies and celebration rituals. / Esta dissertação apresenta reflexões sobre a Festa em Louvor a Nossa Senhora do Rosário e São Benedito da Vila João Vaz (Goiânia, GO) e os movimentos corporais dos dançadores do Terno de Congo Verde e Preto, tendo como foco os processos de transformação e permanência, os quais estão sujeitas as tradições e manifestações da cultura popular. As festas do rosário dos homens pretos, também conhecidas como Festas de Congada, ou Congado, são produzidas a partir de um universo de conversão ao catolicismo, presentes no Brasil, desde o período colonial possuindo um caráter polissêmico, que reconstituiu e ressignificou o sagrado feito de uma forma própria e articulada a saberes e concepções vinculadas à noção de ancestralidade dos povos Bantos. Partindo de um referencial teórico alinhado por um eixo interdisciplinar, o intuito da pesquisa é perceber como os congadeiros da Vila João Vaz, em especial os participantes do Terno de Congo Verde e Preto, vivenciam os processos de transformação e permanência de seus rituais e movimentos corporais(danças, cantos e batuques). Para tanto, inicialmente, será apresentada a estrutura da Festa da João Vaz, suas relações com a Festa de Congada de Catalão (GO) e principais cerimônias, possibilitando a percepção do ciclo da Festa, a partir da participação do Terno de Congo Verde e Preto. Em seguida, será discutido a respeito dos pontos de contato entre os processos de urbanização e da modernidade e as cerimônias da Festa da João Vaz que têm apresentado aos congadeiros a necessidade de modificações e ressignificações em seus rituais, conforme as exigências da vida urbana. Percebe-se que, ao mesmo tempo em que as configurações da vida na cidade apontam para a formação de uma subjetividade individualista e apática, fundamentada por valores monetários, observa-se, também, a existência de manifestações da cultura popular, como a Congada, entre outras, presentes em regiões consideradas marginalizadas, ocupadas por populações com poucos recursos financeiros, que valorizam a sociabilidade, a convivência solidária o afeto e a amizade. Finalmente, discutiremos sobre como os congadeiros do Terno de Congo Verde e Preto vivenciam as transformações e permanências na configuração dos movimentos corporais e rituais que realizam, tendo em vista a corporificação de saberes que são manifestados no dançar, cantar e batucar, como características básicas que compõem as performances afro-brasileiras. A pesquisa possibilitou o entendimento das inter-relações entre a esfera material da existência e a esfera espiritual ou simbólica que operam nas manifestações da cultura popular, sendo este um dos aspectos que permitem a observação de seus movimentos e transformações; bem como a percepção de que os saberes da Congada estão sedimentados no corpo do congadeiro, em uma memória incorporada, pela constituição de um habitus, que se manifesta nas cerimônias festivas e nos rituais de celebração.

Les mots utilisés par les historiens pour décrire la nation ou la société diffèrent de ceux des autorités entre 1800 et 1820. La création des préfectures place les préfets au cœur d'une administration centralisée. Situés entre les ministres et les sous-préfets, en relation directe avec les autorités militaires et religieuses, ils entretiennent une correspondance administrative quotidienne avec divers interlocuteurs et traitent parfois les réclamations qui leurs sont transmises, directement ou non, par leurs administrés. En tant que relais du pouvoir central, le personnel préfectoral est également amené à s’adresser directement à la population par le biais de proclamations. Tous ces documents révèlent les vues des gouvernants. Leurs représentations changent, ainsi que leur langage, au gré des succès diplomatiques, politiques ou militaires, et des défaites qui sonnent le glas de l'Empire fondé par Napoléon remplacé à sa chute par Louis XVIII sur le trône de France. Les images véhiculées par les autorités n'évoluent pas toutes au même rythme ; elles demeurent complexes et soumises à des tensions révélatrices de leurs contradictions. Les pouvoirs publics réaffirment les traits communs propres à un « peuple » exceptionnel, distinct de ses voisins européens, souvent supérieur. Ils ne cachent pas pour autant les nombreuses divisions qui opposent les Français, « bons » ou « mauvais ». Ils ne taisent pas non plus les différences qu'ils établissent entre les élites et le reste de la population, dénigré pour son appartenance sociale ou géographique et prennent en compte la souffrance des « malheureux ». / The words used by historians to describe the nation or society differ from those used by the authorities between 1800 and 1820. The creation of prefectures places prefects at the heart of a centralised administration. Situated between ministers and sub-prefects, in direct contact with military and religious authorities, they maintain daily administrative correspondence with various interlocutors and sometimes handle complaints transmitted to them, directly or indirectly, by their constituents. As a relay of the central power, prefectoral staff also have to address the population directly through proclamations. All these documents reveal the views of the rulers. Their representations changed, as did their language, depending on diplomatic, political or military successes, and the defeats that sounded the death knell of the Empire founded by Napoleon, which was replaced when Louis XVIII fell to the throne of France. The images conveyed by the authorities do not all evolve at the same rate; they remain complex and subject to tensions that reveal their contradictions. The public authorities reaffirm the common features of an exceptional "people", distinct from its European neighbours, often superior. However, they do not hide the many divisions between the French,"good" or "bad". Nor do they ignore the differences between the elites and the rest of the population, denigrated for their social or geographical affiliation and taking into account the suffering of the "unfortunate.

In future service markets a selection of functionally equal services is omnipresent. The evolving challenge, finding the best-fit service, requires a distinction between the non-functional service characteristics (e.g., response time, price, availability). Service providers commonly capture those quality characteristics in so-called Service Level Agreements (SLAs). However, a service selection based on SLAs is inadequate, because the static SLAs generally do not consider the dynamic service behaviors and quality changes in a service-oriented environment. Furthermore, the profit-oriented service providers tend to embellish their SLAs by flexibly handling their correctness. Within the SOC (Service Oriented Computing) research project of the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences and the Linnaeus University of Sweden, a service broker framework for an optimized web service selection is introduced. Instead of relying on the providers’ quality assertions, a distributed knowledge is developed by automatically monitoring and measuring the service quality during each service consumption. The broker aims at optimizing the service selection based on the past real service performances and the defined quality preferences of a unique consumer.This thesis work concerns the design, implementation and evaluation of appropriate machine learning methods with focus on the broker’s best-fit web service selection. Within the time-critical service optimization the performance and scalability of the broker’s machine learning plays an important role. Therefore, high- performance algorithms for predicting the future non-functional service characteristics within a continuous machine learning process were implemented. The introduced so-called foreground-/background-model enables to separate the real-time request for a best-fit service selection from the time-consuming machine learning. The best-fit services for certain consumer call contexts (e.g., call location and time, quality preferences) are continuously pre-determined within the asynchronous background-model. Through this any performance issues within the critical path from the service request up to the best-fit service recommendation are eliminated. For evaluating the implemented best-fit service selection a sophisticated test data scenario with real-world characteristics was created showing services with different volatile performances, cyclic performance behaviors and performance changes in the course of time. Besides the significantly improved performance, the new implementation achieved an overall high selection accuracy. It was possible to determine in 70% of all service optimizations the actual best-fit service and in 94% of all service optimizations the actual two best-fit services.

Les performances de filtration d’un filtre à manche vis-à-vis de particules submicroniques et nanométriques ont été évaluées à l’échelle du laboratoire durant plusieurs cycles de colmatage/décolmatage. La distribution granulométrique des particules (aérosol de combustion) était représentative de celle rencontrée en incinération de nano-déchets en sortie de chambre de combustion à l’échelle du laboratoire. Le filtre à manche opérait en conditions réalistes, représentatives de celles rencontrées dans les lignes de traitement des fumées d’incinération de déchets en termes de température, humidité, vitesse de filtration, présence de réactifs et conditions de décolmatage. Le flux d’air et le filtre à manche étaient chauffés à 150°C, la teneur en eau était de 10-12% (soit 3% d’humidité relative HR), et la vitesse de filtration était fixée à 1,9 cm.s⁻¹. Un mélange de particules de taille submicronique de charbon actif et de bicarbonate de sodium, utilisées dans les lignes de traitement des fumées d’incinération pour l’abattement des dioxines/furanes et des gaz acides, était généré simultanément avec l’aérosol de combustion. L’étude s’est centrée sur les performances de filtration au début de la durée de vie du filtre à manche, avant stabilisation de la perte de charge résiduelle du filtre résultant des précédents cycles de filtration. La perte de charge maximale du filtre était fixée à 150 Pa pour tous les cycles de filtration avant décolmatage par rétro-soufflage à air comprimé. Les performances du filtre à manche ont été évaluées en termes d’évolution de sa perte de charge et de son efficacité de collecte (totale et fractionnelle) au cours des cycles de colmatage/décolmatage. De plus, des études expérimentales et théoriques ont été menées afin d’étudier l’influence de divers paramètres sur les performances de filtration du filtre en configuration manche ou plane, tels que l’humidité de l’air (3% HR versus 0% HR à 150°C), la température (150°C versus 24°C), la vitesse de filtration (1,9 cm.s⁻¹ versus 1,4 cm.s⁻¹) et l’influence de l’injection de réactifs. Les principaux résultats de cette étude sont : (i) importante efficacité de capture des particules du filtre à manche en conditions représentatives des lignes de traitement des fumées d’incinération : efficacité minimale de collecte de 98,5% mesurée pour des particules de taille 74 ± 15 nm (diamètre de mobilité électrique), (ii) influence du gâteau résiduel de particules au début de chaque cycle de filtration sur les performances de traitement, (iii) influence significative de l’humidité de l’air sur la structure du gâteau de particules probablement due à l’augmentation des forces d’adhésion entre les particules en présence d’humidité (150°C – 3% HR soit environ 100 g d’eau par kg d’air sec) ; augmentation plus rapide de la perte de charge du filtre à manche en présence d’humidité (150°C – 3% HR) qu’en conditions d’air sec (150°C – 0% HR). / Filtration performance of a pulse-jet bag filter was evaluated at the laboratory-scale regarding submicronic particles with a nanosized fraction during clogging/unclogging cycles. The particle size distribution was representative to those encountered at the outlet of a nano-waste incineration device at laboratory-scale. The bag filter was operated in conditions as similar as possible to those found in flue gas treatment of waste incineration plants, in terms of temperature, humidity, filtration velocity, injection of sorbent reagents and unclogging conditions. The air flow and the bag filter were heated to 150°C, the water content was maintained in the air flow in the range of 10-12% (3% of relative humidity RH), and filtration velocity throughout the bag filter was fixed at 1.9 cm.s⁻¹. A mixture of submicronic suspended particles of activated carbon and sodium bicarbonate, both used in flue gas treatment systems mainly for the removal of dioxins/furans and acid gases, was generated simultaneously with the aerosol representative of combustion emissions.The study focused on the filtration performance at the beginning of the bag filter’s lifetime filter for the 11 first clogging-unclogging cycles before stabilizing the residual pressure drop reached after pulse-jet unclogging. The maximum pressure drop was set at 150 Pa for all filtration cycles. Once the maximum pressure drop was reached, the filter was unclogged using the pulse-jet system. The performance of the bag filter was evaluated in terms of the evolution of pressure drop, fractional and total particle collection efficiencies, during the clogging/unclogging cycles.Moreover, an experimental and theoretical study was carried out on the influence of different parameters on the filtration performance of bag filter and flat filter, such as influence of humidity (3% RH versus 0% RH at 150°C), temperature (150°C versus 24°C), filtration velocity (1.9 cm.s⁻¹ versus 1.4 cm.s⁻¹) and the influence of the injection of sorbent reagents.The main results of this study are: (i) high collection efficiency of the bag filter in representative conditions of flue gas treatment of waste incineration: minimun particle collection efficiency of 98.5% for particle diameter of 74 ± 15 nm (electrical mobility diameter), (ii) influence of residual particle cake at the beginning of the filtration cycles on the bag filter performance, (iii) significant influence of humidity on the porosity of the particle cake due to the capillary condensation of water between the particles in presence of humidity (150°C - 3% RH i.e. almost 100 g of water per kg of dry air). Faster increase of bag filter pressure drop in presence of humidiy (150°C - 3% RH) as compared to the dry conditions (150°C - 0% RH).

<p align="justify">Des membranes échangeuses anioniques à base de polysulfone, portant des sites échangeurs de type ammonium quaternaire, ont été préparées. Misant sur la possibilité d’établissement d’interactions spécifiques entre les espèces échangées et les sites chargés, nous avons fait varier la longueur des chaînes alkyles sur l’azote de un à trois carbones, dans le but de moduler le transport d’anions caractérisés par des propriétés d’hydratation différentes.</p><p><p><p align="justify">La réaction d’halométhylation a été choisie pour l’introduction préalable sur le squelette polymérique de groupements précurseurs des sites ioniques. Une étude cinétique de la réaction a permis d’établir des conditions compatibles avec un haut taux de substitution et une absence de réticulation. Des réactions d’amination ont été sélectionnées pour la conversion des sites précurseurs en sites ammoniums quaternaires. L’étape d’élaboration du film s’est avérée essentielle pour l’obtention de membranes et peut être réalisée avant et après l’amination. Nous avons mis en évidence que l’encombrement stérique du réactif entrave la diffusion de celui-ci au sein d’un réseau polymérique dense et peut entraîner une déstructuration mécanique des films. Par conséquent, pour l’introduction de sites ammoniums quaternaires à chaînes alkyles de plus d’un carbone, des réactions en solution se sont révélées plus appropriées.</p><p><p align="justify">L’hydratation d’une membrane comportant des sites ammoniums quaternaires à chaînes latérales méthylées a été étudiée par spectroscopie vibrationnelle. Des modifications induites par l’hydratation apparaissent sur les spectres IR et Raman du polymère. L’interprétation de ces changements nous a amenés à conclure que les groupements éther et sulfone, tous deux électronégatifs, interagissent avec les sites ammoniums quaternaires dans la membrane sèche. L’entrée d’eau dans la membrane empêche l’existence de ces interactions en éloignant les chaînes polymériques les unes des autres.</p><p><p align="justify">L’ensemble des membranes préparées dans le cadre de ce travail a été caractérisé du point de vue des propriétés électromembranaires de résistance électrique, de densité de courant limite et de sélectivité nitrate versus chlorure. Nous avons mis en évidence qu’un allongement des chaînes alkyles sur l’azote de un à trois carbones conduit à une sélectivité accrue pour le nitrate, anion caractérisé par une enthalpie libre d’hydratation moins négative que le chlorure. Avec des chaînes alkyles de trois carbones sur l’azote, la membrane laisse passer jusqu’à treize anions nitrate pour un anion chlorure. Ces résultats indiquent que la sélectivité des membranes synthétisées peut effectivement être contrôlée par les interactions spécifiques s’établissant entre l’ion échangé et le site échangeur. Nous avons aussi montré que la résistance des membranes diminue jusqu’à environ 1 <font face="Symbol, serif">W</font> cm2 suite à leur réimmersion dans un bain d’amine. L’influence de cette étape de réimmersion est discutée.</p> / Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished