Dado um sistema diferencial no plano, muito se questiona sobre o comportamento de suas soluções. Nas vizinhanças dos pontos singulares existem ferramentas que nos indicam o tipo e a estabilidade estrutural de cada um deles; são as chamadas formas normais. No entanto, o interesse vai mais além do conhecimento local das soluções em cada singularidade. Nesse trabalho apresentamos algumas ferramentas clássicas da teoria qualitativa das equações diferenciais ordinárias empregadas na investigação global dos campos de vetores polinomiais planares e as empregamos na investigação de duas famílias paramétricas de campos quadráticos encontradas no estudo dos campos com hipérboles invariantes. Dentre as ferramentas estudadas destacamos a classificação local das soluções em pontos singulares elementares e semi-elementares e a técnica de compactificação de Poincaré. / Given a planar differential system, many questions are raised about the behavior of their solutions. In the neighborhood of singular points there exist many tools which indicate their type and their structural stability; they are known as normal forms. However, the interest goes beyond the local behavior in the neighborhood of each singularity. In this dissertation we present some classical tools from the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations which are usually applied to the global investigation of planar polinomial vector fields and we apply them to the investigation of two parametric families of quadratic fields from the study of the vector fields with invariant hyperbolas. Among the studied tools we highlight the local classification of the solutions around elementary and semi-elementary singular points and the technique known as Poincarés compactification.

L’élaboration de portraits féminins reflète la fascination de Hawthorne pour cette créature complexe, un attrait nourri par l’omniprésence des femmes dans son entourage. L’influence de ces dernières est indéniable, et semble être à l’origine du féminisme ambigu de l’écrivain, partagé entre, d’un côté, l’héritage puritain des Manning et Hawthorne, et, de l’autre, les convictions féministes émergentes de sa belle-famille, les Peabody. Les portraits de femmes de la fiction hawthornienne se caractérisent donc par un binarisme essentialisme-différentialisme qui émane de la vision étroite des protagonistes masculins, et que l’auteur tente de dépasser. Les concepts deleuziens du « mineur » et du « devenir-femme » nous seront d’une grande utilité pour comprendre comment la femme essentialisée des Puritains, ce que nous pouvons aussi appeler la femme-image, au sens lacanien du terme, est en réalité une femme minorée car amputée de son esprit et de son rôle social. Hawthorne témoigne ainsi d’un féminisme équivoque, une voix qu’il a du mal, par moments, à assumer et affirmer complètement. / Female portraits are abundant in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s fiction, short stories and novels alike. The influence of the women evolving in his private sphere may be at the origin of his ambiguous feminist vision, as his allegiance was divided between his Puritan inheritance (both the Mannings and the Hawthornes) on the one hand, and, on the other, the emerging feminist convictions of his in-laws (the Peabodys). Hawthorne’s female portraits are thus characterized by a tendency to binarism as they pit an essentialist view of women against a differentialist one. This binarist perspective reflects the narrow-mindedness of the patriarcal system which the male heroes try to defend and maintain. Deleuze and Guatarri’s concepts of “minor literature” and “becoming-woman” will help us understand how the woman-image of the Puritans is a minored woman in the realm both of the social order and the symbolic order. Hawthorne’s feminist voice is an equivocal one as his text is undergoing a subterranean process of “becoming-woman.”

Peintre oublié des études sur les anciens Pays-Bas, Otto van Veen (également appelé Otto Vaenius) est essentiellement connu pour avoir été le dernier maître de Rubens et pour être l'auteur de plusieurs livres d'emblèmes. En son temps, il était pourtant l'un des artistes les plus renommés des Flandres. La reconsidération de ce peintre, les influences qui furent les siennes et l'impact qu'il put avoir sur toute une génération d'artistes constituent l'objet de cette thèse. Centrée sur sa production peinte et dessinée, elle ne met toutefois pas de côté ses emblèmes, qui servent de points de comparaison pour certains sujets allégoriques. La production de Vaenius étant largement tributaire de la période dans laquelle il était en activité, cette étude est également centrée sur l'histoire culturelle et intellectuelle des Pays-Bas. Ainsi, les divers réseaux (artistique, humaniste, princier) qu'il fréquenta ont été étudiés en détail. Il s'agissait d'évaluer l'apport pictural de Vaenius en regard de sa démarche intellectuelle. Outre les portraits de diverses personnalités (princes, hommes d'Église, humanistes) et les cycles glorifiant l'image du prince tels que des Joyeuses Entrées, les peintures religieuses, respectant les préceptes du Concile de Trente, comme les peintures mythologiques et allégoriques, ont fait l'objet d'analyses qui prennent en compte le contexte de production ainsi que les diverses iconographies (tirées de sources variées, issues de I' Antiquité au XVIIe siècle). Alliant une peinture claire et lisible à des détails érudits et raffinés, l'œuvre de Vaenius donna lieu à de nombreuses innovations, tant plastiques qu'iconographiques, qu'il était nécessaire d'étudier. / Otto van Veen (also called Otto Vaenius), an artist forgotten by studies on Northern painting, is mainly known for being the last master of Rubens and the author of several emblem books. In his time however, he was one of the most renowned artists of the Flemish school. The reconsideration of this painter, his influences and the impact he had on a whole generation of artists are the main topics of this dissertation. Centered on his paintings and drawings, it does not put aside its emblems, which provide invaluable keys to understand some of his allegories. Since Vaenius' production largely reflects his time, this study also focuses on the cultural and intellectual history of the Netherlands. Thus, the various networks (artistic, humanistic, princely) he was a part of have been studied in depth. The aim of this dissertation was to evaluate his pictorial contribution with regard to his intellectual background. Besides the portraits of various personalities (princes, churchmen, humanists) and the cycles glorifying the image of the prince such as Joyous Entries, the religious paintings, observing the precepts of the Council of Trent, as the mythological and allegorical paintings, have been the subject of analysis that take into account the context of production as well as the various iconographies (from diverse sources, from Antiquity to the 17th century). Combining a clear and legible painting with erudite and refined details, Vaenius' artworks have led to numerous innovations, both plastic and iconographic, that deserved to be studied.

Denna studie utgår från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv i sin undersökning om tornedalska elevers språkliga identitet och relation till meänkieli. Studien utfördes genom triangulering som bestod av visuella språkliga porträtt, gruppintervjuer och fältanteckningar i tre fjärdeklasser i två olika tornedalska skolor. Metoden visuella språkliga porträtt, även kallad språkporträtt, är en unik metod som inte använts i tidigare svensk forskning om minoritetsspråk. Den kreativa process som arbetet med språkporträtt innebär för eleverna hjälper eleverna att utveckla sina tankar om språk och identitet. Tillsammans med gruppintervjuer och fältanteckningar ger denna studie ett slutresultat med hög reliabilitet och validitet. I studien synliggörs även vilka luckor det finns kring beskrivningen av tornedalingarnas historia. Resultatet av denna studie sammanfattar att meänkieli fortsättningsvis är en betydelsefull del av tornedalska elevers språkliga identitet. Åtta av 20 elever vill lära sig mer meänkieli då språket är en essentiell del av elevernas kultur och identitet. Detta är ett viktigt resultat för att ge ny glöd och motivering till att revitaliserings-arbetet av meänkieli ska fortgå. Vidare visar resultatet av denna studie att dialekter har en stor betydelse för elevers språkliga identitet. Eleverna beskriver sitt muntliga språkbruk i form av olika svenska dialekter. Tornedalska elever är inte representerade i aktuell forskning och denna studie bidrar med en viktig röst till samtalet om hur språk, kultur och identitet är faktorer som inte går att skilja åt. På så vis innebär en framtid för meänkieli även en framtid för den tornedalska kulturen och identiteten. / This study is based on a socio-cultural perspective and aims to examine Swedish Tornedalian pupils´ linguistic identity and relationship to meänkieli. The study was performed by triangulation which consisted of visual linguistic portraits, group interviews and field notes in three classes in fourth year in two different schools in Swedish Tornedalen. The method visual linguistic portraits, also called language portraits in this study, is a unique method that has not been used in previous Swedish research about minority languages. The creative process of working with the language portraits helps pupils develop their thoughts about language and identity. Together with group interviews and field notes, this study has a high reliability and validity. In this study it also becomes clear what historical gaps that exist around the description of Swedish Tornedalen. A summary of the study still shows that meänkieli is a very important part of Swedish Tornedalian pupils’ linguistic identity. Eight out of 20 pupils want to learn more meänkieli because pupils describe the language as an essential part of their culture and identity. This is an important result to give the revitalization of meänkieli more energy and motivation. Furthermore, the results of this study show that dialects are of great importance for pupils´ linguistic identity. The pupils describe their oral language in form of different Swedish dialects. Tornedalian pupils are not represented in current research and this study contributes with an important voice to the conversation about how language, culture and identity are factors that cannot be distinguished. In this way, a future for meänkieli also means a future for the culture and identity of Tornedalen in Sweden. / Tämän tutkimusten tarkoitus on selvittää ruottin toornionlaakson koulukläppiteen kielellinen itenttiteetti ja suhe meänkieleen. Tutkimuksen teoria perustuu sosiokyltturinen näkökulma ja tehtiin triangulerinkiin kautta jota sisältää visyallinen kielellinen potretti, joukkointerjyyvit ja panna kirjoihin. Tutkimuksessa on mukana kolme eri luokkia kaksi eri meänmaan koulusta. Metuuti visyallinen kielellinen potretti myös sanottu kielipotretti, ei ole ennen nähty ruottin riikin tutkimuksissa minuriteettikielissä. Koulukläppiteen kreativi työskentely kielipotrettiten kanssa auttaa ne käsittäämään niien ajatukset kielestä ja itenttiteettistä. Tutkimuksen lopputulos on vahva reliabiliteetti ja validiteetti triangulerinkiin kautta. Tutkimukssessa selvästi tulle näkön mikkä putteet meänmaan histoorialinen muistelussa on. Lopputulos tästä tutkimuksesta on että meänkieli jatkuvasti on kolon tärkeä osa ruottin toornionlaakson koulukläppiten kielellinen itenttiteettiä. Kaheksan koulukläppiä kaksikymmenestä halvaavat oppia enemmän meänkieltä. Meänkieli on niien mielestä tärkeä osaa kylttuuristä ja itentitettistä. Nämät tulokset ovat tärkeitä revitaliserings teko meänkielelle. Eespäin lopputulos näyttä että dialektit ovat iso osa kielellisestä itenttittettistä. Koulukläppit korostavat että niien suullinen kieli on joku ruottin dialekti. Koska ruottin toornionlaakson koulukläppit ei ole edustettuina missän aktyellissa tutkintossa tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus on että nostaa ja laajenaa kansapuhe miten kieli, kylttuuri ja itenttiteetti ovat tekiötä jotta ei voi eroitella. Täten tulevaisuus meänkielelle tarkoittaa myös tulevaisuus meänmaan kylttuurille ja itenttiteettille.

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2010-2011 / Le présent mémoire s'intéresse à la problématique du portrait chez l'artiste montréalais Pascal Grandmaison. Autant en photographie qu'en vidéo, Grandmaison renouvelle le genre du portrait en montrant des personnages dont l'identité de même que la raison d'être à l'image demeurent inconnues du spectateur. Ce qui caractérise l'expérience réceptive, qui s'apparente à l'expérience auratique, est un sentiment d'indéterminé. L'analyse des oeuvres comme du discours de l'artiste révèle que la production de portraits de ce dernier présente une perspective sociale. L'indéterminé caractéristique de la réception de l'image répond en effet à la situation sociale actuelle que nous qualifions de postmoderne. Avec la postmodernité, la surconsommation est favorisée. Or, chez Grandmaison, l'expérience réceptive s'oppose à l'attitude du "surconsommateur". Contrairement au "surconsommateur" dont le rapport au monde est dicté par l'industrie marchande, le spectateur est seul face à la définition de sens ne pouvant s'appuyer sur aucun point de référence pour orienter son interprétation.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

A dissertation in fulfilment for Master of Arts in Media Studies Faculty of Humanities School of Language, Literature and Media Studies (SLLM) University of the Witwatersrand 2016 / This research study essentially sets out to explore the practices of young, ordinary, South African women who take and post selfies on social media platforms, like Instagram. The general commentary surrounding selfies is typically negative, and tends to frame the selfietaker as a narcissistic, self-absorbed individual. Therefore, this study is interested in understanding what this very particular smartphone-enabled photographic technique means to this group of women, and in doing so, aims to determine whether or not there are underlying significances to such practices. This research study adopts a vast framework of literature in order to conceptualize and contextualize selfies in contemporary culture, by drawing on the rich history of self-portraiture and snapshots as well as concepts of mediation and the representation of the self online; in addition to describing the role that mobile technologies and social media platforms have played in contributing to cementing selfies as a cultural hallmark in today’s society. This study is additionally grounded upon three dominant theoretical themes, namely: narcissism, self-exploration, and self-regulation; and Christopher Lasch, Michel Foucault, Angela McRobbie and Rosalind Gill’s theoretical contributions are predominantly referred to in an attempt to explain such principles adequately. Through the responses that were yielded by interviewing 14 young, ordinary, South African women, this research study essentially established that the practices of selfie-taking do in fact play a significant role in the lives of these young women, from empowering them and teaching them to learn to love and accept themselves again, to inspiring personal growth, capturing special moments and memories, and allowing them to feel accepted and as though they belong and have a fixed placed in society. Therefore, this study argues that selfies are not necessarily only about narcissism and self-obsession, but rather more about the notion of self-love and acceptance (for this group of participants at least). / MT2017

A emergência de uma massa de novos consumidores no Brasil na década de 2000 gerou a necessidade, por parte das empresas e organizações, de conhecer hábitos, comportamentos e gostos desta parcela da população, que até então estava invisível, pela restrição econômica, aos olhos do mercado. Gerou também uma intensa discussão sobre a reconfiguração de nossa sociedade, em que importa a suposta criação de nova classe social, a \"nova classe média\" ou \"nova classe C\". Estes fatos provocaram o interesse inicial para o desenvolvimento desta Tese de Doutorado, que, assentada no paradigma marxista, buscou lançar mão de arcabouço teórico capaz de compreender as questões relacionadas ao tema central, o consumo, e de seu reconhecido vetor, a Publicidade, conjugadas à discussão sobre as condições materiais impostas pela sociedade capitalista. Os objetivos foram aprofundar o conhecimento teórico sobre o consumo e suas significações; contribuir para a análise sobre os novos consumidores em particular; compreender as suas representações por meio da Publicidade. A base metódica foi composta por revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa qualitativa com consumidores e análise semiótica. O percurso de pesquisa ampliou seu escopo inicial e, ao final, foi possível elaborar e propor tipos ideais de processos de consumo ancorados no quadro mais amplo de classes sociais. Esses processos, com o auxílio da análise das representações na Publicidade, foram descritos em diferentes dimensões que, a nosso ver, compõem a complexa sociedade contemporânea: a dimensão fluida dos movimentos ascendentes ou segregatórios do consumo, a dimensão rígida da estrutura e das classes sociais, a dimensão simbólica das representações. Desenhou-se assim o que chamamos de retratos sociocomunicacionais. / The emergence of a mass of new consumers in Brazil, in the decade of 2000, created the need for companies and organizations to learn about the habits, behavior patterns and preferences of this portion of the population, which, until then, was invisible to the market\'s eye, as a result of economic strain. It also triggered an intense discussion on the reconfiguration of our society, to which the supposed creation of a new social class is of importance, the \"new middle class\" or \"new C social class\". These facts attracted our first interest in preparing this PhD Thesis, which, based on the Marxist paradigm, resorted to a theoretical framework that is able to understand the issues related to the main topic, consumption, and its acknowledged vector, Advertising, combined with the discussion on the material conditions a capitalist society imposes. The goals are those of diving deep into the theoretical knowledge on consumption and its meanings; of adding to the analysis conducted on new consumers in particular; of understanding its representations by means of Advertising Activities. Bibliographic review, quantitative research conducted with consumers, and semiotic analysis comprise the methodical base. The research path expanded its initial scope, and, ultimately, we were able to prepare and propose ideal types of consumption processes supported by the wider range of social classes. These processes, with the help of the analysis conducted on representations used in Advertising, were described within different dimensions, which, in our opinion, comprise the complex, contemporary society: the fluid dimension of consumption\'s ascending or segregated movements, the unbending dimension of structure and social classes, the symbolic dimension of representations. And so were designed what we call socio-communicational portraits.

<p>Today there exist several systems that lack usability. The reasons are, among others, the pressure to add more features in the system, but also that focus has been earlier on technology and functionality. It becomes more important to think of the user, so that systems can be more usable. By focusing on the user, the user experience can enhance, which results in more satisfied users.</p><p>User involvement in the system development process is one way to learn and receive information about the user. There are several ways of doing that. One way is to create user portraits from existing user models. We have studied different user models and lack a model that includes both tasks and goals; for example one of the existing models focus on user goals and another on relations with the system.</p><p>The purpose with this final thesis is to create a model to describe users as roles providing a more effective and generalized user-centered system development process.</p><p>To create this model, the role profile model, we studied existing theories. By them we were influenced both by good and less good things. The theoretical study resulted in a tentative model that we tested by interview and observe six buyers within the manufacturing industry. This resulted in two role profiles; the strategic buyer and purchase planner. From the result of the interviews and observations, we improved the tentative role profile model to our final model. There were some factors that did not fit in the tentative model and some that we added.</p><p>The role profile model contains three elements; objectives, requirements and context. These elements consist of a number of attributes that are important when surveying a role profile. The uniqueness with the role profile model is the fact that it includes both role specific attributes and attributes that puts the role profile into a context. The model contains for example work process, system requirements, responsibility and authority.</p><p>The role profile is at part of a greater context. There are design philosophies that concern the whole system development process; from survey the user to design and test. Our role profile model only handles the first parts, the user and tasks, due to the time limitations.</p><p>We have created a practical procedure that we recommend to facilitate the usage of the role profile model. The practical procedure is based on our choices of method when testing the tentative role profile model. The central in our practical procedure are interviews and observations. It is important to plan the company visits so that all necessary information is received.</p><p>The usage of the role profile can for example contribute with: knowledge and understanding of the users, structured work procedure, a generally accepted terminology and a user-centered design process.</p><p>This final thesis has been performed on commission of Lawson Software. We had continuously discussions with them about usability and the role profile model. We have studied fields of applications for the role profile model at Lawson. We think they can use the model in the product requirement process, design and evaluation, work with composite applications, user understanding and user priority and introduction of new employees.</p> / <p>Idag finns det ett flertal system som har bristande användar¬vänlighet. Detta beror bland annat på påtryckningar att lägga till fler funktioner i systemen, men också på att det bakåt i tiden har fokuserats på att utveckla system utifrån teknologi och funktionalitet. Det blir allt viktigare att tänka på användaren så att systemen blir mer användarvänliga. Genom att fokusera på användaren kan man öka användarupplevelsen i systemet och det medför att användarna blir nöjdare.</p><p>Att involvera användaren i utvecklingsprocessen är ett sätt att lära känna och få information om användaren. Det finns många sätt att göra det på. Ett sätt är att skapa användarporträtt med hjälp av olika befintliga användarmodeller. Vi har studerat olika användarmodeller och sett att det saknas en användarmodell som inkluderar både fokus på användarens arbetsprocess och dess mål; till exempel en av de existerande modellerna fokuserar på användarens mål och en annan på relationer med system.</p><p>Syftet med detta examensarbete är därför att skapa en modell som beskriver användare som roller, som bidrar till en effektivare och bredare användar¬centrerad systemutvecklingsprocess.</p><p>För att ta fram denna modell, rollprofilsmodellen, studerade vi som sagt existerande teorier. Från dem påverkades vi både av delar som vi tyckte var bra och mindre bra. Vi kom fram till en hypotesmodell som vi testade genom att intervjua och observera sex inköpare på tillverkande företag. Detta resulterade i två rollprofiler; den strategiska inköparen och inköpsplaneraren. Utifrån resultaten av intervjuerna och observationerna förbättrade vi hypotesen till vår slutliga modell. Det fanns vissa faktorer som vi inte tyckte passade in, men även attribut som borde läggas till.</p><p>Rollprofilsmodellen innehåller tre delar; mål, krav och kontext. Dessa delar består av ett antal attribut som är viktiga att undersöka hos den rollprofil som ska skapas. Det som utmärker rollprofilsmodellen är att den inkluderar både roll¬speci¬fika mål och attribut som sätter rollprofilen i en kontext. Modellen innehåller till exempel relationer, krav, ansvar och befogenheter.</p><p>Rollprofilen är en del av en större kontext. Det finns designfilosofier som berör hela systemutvecklingsprocessen; från att kartlägga användaren till att designa och testa. På grund av tidsbegränsningar har vi enbart berört de första av dessa delar; användaren och arbetsuppgifter.</p><p>För att underlätta användandet av rollprofilen har vi skapat ett rekommenderat praktiskt tillvägagångssätt. Detta är baserat på våra egna metodval när vi testade vår hypotesmodell. Det centrala i det praktiska tillvägagångssättet är intervjuer och observa¬tioner. Det är viktigt att planera noggrant så att all nödvändig informa¬tion erhålls.</p><p>Användandet av rollprofilen kan till exempel bidra till: kunskap och förståelse av användaren, ett strukturerat arbetssätt, en allmänt accepterad terminologi samt en användar¬centrerad utvecklingsprocess.</p><p>Detta examensarbete har utförts på uppdrag av Lawson Software, med vilka vi kontinuer¬ligt har fört diskussioner om användbarhet och rollprofilsmodellen med mera. Vi har även utforskat vilka potentiella användningsområden som rollprofilen har på Lawson. Lawson skulle kunna använda modellen i kravhanteringsprocessen, design och utvärdering, arbete med komposita applikationer, användarförståelse och priori¬teringar samt intro¬ducerande av nyanställda.</p>

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal