As a high school teacher I took to authoritarian methods in order to give students education and ultimately formation. It was an original force that made me react to chaos and harassment in classroom. In the essay, I examine my own reactions and frustrations in my efforts to create endurable and friendlier environment in class. The discussion is about authority and freedom and to what extent it is reasonable to use authoritarian methods to facilitate for students to reach potential freedom. The conclusion is that methods that can be described as authoritarian are not consistent with modern education, but teachers have to get means and resources to meet all pupils. An other conclusion is that we have to change perspective from the individual teacher to an overall discussion on authority and freedom in high school education. / Uppsatsen utgår från ett exempel där den dagliga samvaron präglas av kaos och trakasserier och där jag som lärare använder mig av auktoritära metoder för att ge elever en möjlighet att klara studierna på gymnasiet. I essäform beskriver jag mina tankar och utmaningar för att skapa ett bättre arbetsklimat i skolklassen. Diskussionen handlar om auktoritet och frihet, om utbildning och bildning och i vilken utsträckning det är rimligt att ta till auktoritära metoder för att ungdomar ska kunna nå sin potentiella frihet. Samhället lägger stort ansvar på enskilda lärare när det gäller att få arbetet att fungera i klassrummet. Min slutsats är att auktoritära metoder inte har en plats i dagens skola men att lärare måste få resurser för att kunna möta alla elever och att frågan om hur vi ska förstå begreppet auktoritet som medel för att elever ska kunna nå sin potentiella frihet bör diskuteras och behandlas inte bara inom skolan utan även i samhället i ett vidare sammanhang.

In this essay I make an attempt to define the abilities that helped me in my antisocial choices that as a woman to become a decorator and throw me into the male construction industry. I use the metaphor of the wolf pack, which may symbolize hierarchies, norms, and even gender. What helped me to take my place among the males? Is it practical knowledge to deal with new antisocial environments, or what is it? I have not only survived, but also survived in the industry. In the pursuit of abilities and its knowledge of relevance, I analyse different stories from my 25 years in the profession and how I 've handled it encountered. These abilities I have then analysed on the basis of gender and Aristotle and Nussbaum's concept of knowledge, mainly Fronesis and various virtues. All in a try to see if it has to do with knowledge to survive in unfamiliar terrain. / I den här essän gör jag ett försöka att definiera förmågor som hjälpt mig i mitt normbrytande val att som kvinna bli målare och kasta mig in i den manliga byggbranschen. Jag använder mig av metaforen vargflocken som får symbolisera hierarkier, normer och även genus. Vad är det som hjälpt mig att ta min plats bland hanarna? Är det praktisk kunskap att hantera nya normbrytande miljöer eller vad är det? Jag har inte bara överlevt utan levt i branschen. I jakten på förmågor och dess kunskapsrelevans analyserar jag olika berättelser från mina 25 år i yrket och hur jag har hanterat det som uppstått. Dessa förmågor har jag sedan analyserat utifrån genus och Aristoteles och Nussbaums kunskapsbegrepp, då främst fronesis och olika dygder. Allt i ett försöka att se om det har med kunskap att göra att överleva i okänd terräng.

Esta dissertação é o resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa e de caráter longitudinal, com 16 discentes de um curso de licenciatura em matemática. A ideia principal desse estudo foi propiciar, ao grupo envolvido, a vivência em diferentes alternativas didático-pedagógicas e a partir delas, possibilitar a formação de um professor crítico, reflexivo, com experiência didática, desenvoltura e motivado a criar novas estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem na sua prática docente de matemática. Os objetivos foram identificar e analisar como seriam as aulas desses futuros docentes, e, a partir daí, elaborar, implementar e avaliar uma sequência didática, envolvendo conhecimento teórico e prático para o desenvolvimento das capacidades docentes dos futuros professores de matemática. Neste trabalho, a fim de transpor o conhecimento teórico para o conhecimento prático, utilizamos os referenciais metodológicos da Engenharia Didática. A análise posterior dos dados evidenciou mudança no perfil de cada um dos envolvidos e relevou que essa sequência didática foi capaz de desenvolver e modificar os procedimentos didático-metodológicos desses futuros professores. Destacando-se assim, a importância da didática dentro das licenciaturas em matemática, relacionar conhecimento teórico e prático, a partir de diferentes situações didáticas com atuação ativa dos envolvidos para desenvolver o ensino de matemática. / This dissertation is the result of research a qualitative and longitudinal, with 16 students of undergraduate Degree Mathematics. The main idea of this study was to provide, the group involved, the experience in teaching and pedagogical alternatives and from them to enable the formation of a teacher critical, reflective, with teaching experience, resourcefulness and motivated to create new strategies for teaching and learning in their teaching practice math. The objectives were to identify and analyze how these classes would be future teachers, and from there , develop , implement and evaluate an instructional sequence, involving theoretical and practical knowledge for the development of teaching skills of future teachers of mathematics. In this paper, in order to implement the theoretical knowledge to practical knowledge, we use the methodological Didactic Engineering. Further analysis of the data indicated change in the profile of each person involved, and relented instructional sequence that was able to develop and modify procedures didactic-methodological these future teachers. Thus highlighting the importance of teaching within undergraduate Degrees Mathematics, relate theoretical and practical knowledge from different teaching situations with an active role of those involved, to develop the teaching of mathematics.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:21:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 messias_ral_dr_mar.pdf: 877866 bytes, checksum: 35bfdbedce4a169f1178df8ad6a7be57 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O trabalho em questão objetiva compreender de que maneira professores de língua portuguesa constroem seus conceitos de gêneros orais, quais conceitos possuem e como implementam práticas didáticas de produção de textos orais em suas aulas. Ao observar a configuração dos conceitos que permeiam a prática desses docentes, busco salientar as paisagens pelas quais transitam esses profissionais e como essas interferem na construção de seu conhecimento pessoal prático. As preocupações expostas foram originadas pela crescente discussão acerca da importância do ensino de gêneros orais na escola - sobretudo após a publicação dos PCN para o Ensino de Língua Portuguesa (3º e 4º Ciclos) ocorrida em 1998. Outro fator foram as inquietações remanescentes de um trabalho anterior, A oralidade nas aulas de língua portuguesa: análise de um caso (MESSIAS, 2002), cujo foco incidia na observação do tratamento dado à produção de textos orais por um professor de língua portuguesa, de uma escola pública do interior do estado de São Paulo. Sendo assim, retornei à mesma escola e, dessa vez, tive como parceiros outros professores, além de uma coordenadora pedagógica, uma vice-diretora e alguns alunos. Como forma de materializar a pesquisa, promovi reuniões de estudo, com os professores; elaborei um questionário que foi respondido pelos docentes e por alguns alunos; realizei entrevistas. Um dos professores, ainda, filmou algumas atividades de produção de textos orais ocorridas em suas aulas. A forma como a investigação foi conduzida a caracteriza como pesquisa qualitativa, tal como explicitado por Lüdke e André (1986), mais especificamente uma pesquisa ação nos moldes especificados por Thiollent (2002). O estudo desenvolveu-se em tom narrativo, pois, durante o percurso, a ênfase nos textos produzidos pelos professores tornou-se fundamental para a construção dos sentidos... / This study has as objective to understand how teachers of Portuguese construct their knowledge of oral genres, what knowledge they have and how they implement pedagogical practices of production of oral texts in their classrooms. Observing the knowledge which supports those teachers' practices, I intend to point out the landscapes in which these professionals live and work and how these landscapes interfere in the construction of their personal practical knowledge. The concerns exposed arose from the growing discussion about the importance of oral genres teaching in schools, mainly, after the publication of the PCN directed to the Teaching of Portuguese (3th and 4th cycles) in 1998. Another point that must be mentioned refers to a previous work, The orality in classes of Portuguese: the analysis of a case (MESSIAS, 2002), whose focus is on the procedures for the production of oral texts followed by a teacher of Portuguese in a public school in the State of Sao Paulo. Thus, I returned to the same school and, this time, I had as partners other teachers, the pedagogical coordinator, the vice-principal and some students. As far as my methodological framework is concerned, I organized interviews, study groups with the teachers and a questionnaire which was answered by them and some students. One of the teachers also videotaped some activities of production of oral texts developed in his classroom. The way the research was conducted characterizes it as a qualitative, as suggested by Ludke and André (1986), more specifically an action research, as proposed by Thiollent (2002). This study was developed in a narrative tone because the emphasis on the texts produced by the teachers became fundamental in the construction of the meanings. Through the accounts, the interviews (audio-recorded and transcribed), the research diaries and questionnaires I try to get meanings from the linguistic... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Raising the qualification level for preschool staff is often seen by policymakers as a means of improving the quality of preschool. However, research examining the relation between qualifications of preschool staff and preschool quality has given inconsistent results. This suggests that one’s competence as a teacher is not necessarily reflected by one’s level of teacher qualification. The aim of this study was to contribute to knowledge about preschool teacher competence and its relation to education and practice. This was accomplished through documenting and examining perspectives on preschool teacher competence from currently enrolled Swedish preschool teacher students and recently graduated Swedish preschool teachers, who have prior work experience in early childhood education. In particular, this study focused on gaining a deeper understanding of which competences preschool teacher students and preschool teachers attribute to their education. Interviews were conducted with one preschool teacher education student and two recently graduated preschool teachers. The findings showed three competences reported as important by the participants: critical (self-)reflection, the competence to listen to the children, and the competence to care. Moreover, the participants believed that being confident in one’s profession, knowing why they are doing what they are doing, and the competence to reflect are competences gained in preschool teacher education. Lastly, the participants described a connection between theory and practice, which suggest that students with prior work experience do not experience a ‘reality gap’ between their education and the practical field. The research conducted in this study contributes to what is known about teacher competence and, more specifically, it gives more insight into the development of competence in preschool teacher education.

This essay will reflect upon communication and conduct in different ways. The essay is based on a dilemma that is difficult to assess since it addresses a situation where I, in my role as a leisure-time teacher, react upon how a colleague treats a young student. The purpose of the essay is to try to analyze the dilemma viewed from different perspectives in hope to gain an understanding of how we can look at communication in more than one way. How should educators communicate in front of the students, and what is a good way to treat one another? In the essay the dilemma is discussed from different perspectives such as power relations, but also fronesis and practical knowledge. In order to be able to go into depth with regard to interpretation and understanding of this experience, I will look to Hans-Georg Gadamer to illustrate the dilemma based on the hermeneutical approach. The method of this thesis is essay-writing, which consists in reflection with the help of relevant literature, with starting point in an experience that is difficult to assess. / Den här uppsatsen handlar om kommunikation och bemötande på olika sätt. Uppsatsen utgår ifrån ett dilemma som är svårbedömt då det tar upp en situation där jag i min yrkesroll som fritidslärare reagerar på en kollegas bemötande i sättet hon bemöter en elev. Syftet med essän är att försöka analysera dilemmat utifrån olika perspektiv för att få syn på hur vi kan se på kommunikation på olika sätt. Hur ska vi pedagoger kommunicera framför eleverna och vad är egentligen ett gott bemötande? I uppsatsen diskuteras dilemmat bland annat utifrån maktrelationer, men även utifrån fronesis och praktisk kunskap. För att kunna gå på djupet vad gäller tolkning och förståelse av denna händelse tar jag till min hjälp Hans-Georg Gadamer för att belysa dilemmat utifrån det hermeneutiska synsättet. Metoden i essäskrivandet utgår från en svårbedömd händelse och där tar jag hjälp av reflektion och stöd i litteratur.

Esta dissertação é o resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa e de caráter longitudinal, com 16 discentes de um curso de licenciatura em matemática. A ideia principal desse estudo foi propiciar, ao grupo envolvido, a vivência em diferentes alternativas didático-pedagógicas e a partir delas, possibilitar a formação de um professor crítico, reflexivo, com experiência didática, desenvoltura e motivado a criar novas estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem na sua prática docente de matemática. Os objetivos foram identificar e analisar como seriam as aulas desses futuros docentes, e, a partir daí, elaborar, implementar e avaliar uma sequência didática, envolvendo conhecimento teórico e prático para o desenvolvimento das capacidades docentes dos futuros professores de matemática. Neste trabalho, a fim de transpor o conhecimento teórico para o conhecimento prático, utilizamos os referenciais metodológicos da Engenharia Didática. A análise posterior dos dados evidenciou mudança no perfil de cada um dos envolvidos e relevou que essa sequência didática foi capaz de desenvolver e modificar os procedimentos didático-metodológicos desses futuros professores. Destacando-se assim, a importância da didática dentro das licenciaturas em matemática, relacionar conhecimento teórico e prático, a partir de diferentes situações didáticas com atuação ativa dos envolvidos para desenvolver o ensino de matemática. / This dissertation is the result of research a qualitative and longitudinal, with 16 students of undergraduate Degree Mathematics. The main idea of this study was to provide, the group involved, the experience in teaching and pedagogical alternatives and from them to enable the formation of a teacher critical, reflective, with teaching experience, resourcefulness and motivated to create new strategies for teaching and learning in their teaching practice math. The objectives were to identify and analyze how these classes would be future teachers, and from there , develop , implement and evaluate an instructional sequence, involving theoretical and practical knowledge for the development of teaching skills of future teachers of mathematics. In this paper, in order to implement the theoretical knowledge to practical knowledge, we use the methodological Didactic Engineering. Further analysis of the data indicated change in the profile of each person involved, and relented instructional sequence that was able to develop and modify procedures didactic-methodological these future teachers. Thus highlighting the importance of teaching within undergraduate Degrees Mathematics, relate theoretical and practical knowledge from different teaching situations with an active role of those involved, to develop the teaching of mathematics.

Esta dissertação é o resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa e de caráter longitudinal, com 16 discentes de um curso de licenciatura em matemática. A ideia principal desse estudo foi propiciar, ao grupo envolvido, a vivência em diferentes alternativas didático-pedagógicas e a partir delas, possibilitar a formação de um professor crítico, reflexivo, com experiência didática, desenvoltura e motivado a criar novas estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem na sua prática docente de matemática. Os objetivos foram identificar e analisar como seriam as aulas desses futuros docentes, e, a partir daí, elaborar, implementar e avaliar uma sequência didática, envolvendo conhecimento teórico e prático para o desenvolvimento das capacidades docentes dos futuros professores de matemática. Neste trabalho, a fim de transpor o conhecimento teórico para o conhecimento prático, utilizamos os referenciais metodológicos da Engenharia Didática. A análise posterior dos dados evidenciou mudança no perfil de cada um dos envolvidos e relevou que essa sequência didática foi capaz de desenvolver e modificar os procedimentos didático-metodológicos desses futuros professores. Destacando-se assim, a importância da didática dentro das licenciaturas em matemática, relacionar conhecimento teórico e prático, a partir de diferentes situações didáticas com atuação ativa dos envolvidos para desenvolver o ensino de matemática. / This dissertation is the result of research a qualitative and longitudinal, with 16 students of undergraduate Degree Mathematics. The main idea of this study was to provide, the group involved, the experience in teaching and pedagogical alternatives and from them to enable the formation of a teacher critical, reflective, with teaching experience, resourcefulness and motivated to create new strategies for teaching and learning in their teaching practice math. The objectives were to identify and analyze how these classes would be future teachers, and from there , develop , implement and evaluate an instructional sequence, involving theoretical and practical knowledge for the development of teaching skills of future teachers of mathematics. In this paper, in order to implement the theoretical knowledge to practical knowledge, we use the methodological Didactic Engineering. Further analysis of the data indicated change in the profile of each person involved, and relented instructional sequence that was able to develop and modify procedures didactic-methodological these future teachers. Thus highlighting the importance of teaching within undergraduate Degrees Mathematics, relate theoretical and practical knowledge from different teaching situations with an active role of those involved, to develop the teaching of mathematics.

Min vetenskapliga essä tar sin utgångspunkt i två självupplevda berättelser tagna ur mitt yrkesliv inom förskolan. Dilemmat handlar om frånvarande pedagoger och deras oförmåga att hantera den stora barngruppen i krävande situationer. Jag upplever att barnen kommer i kläm på grund av pedagogernas handlande och min känsla av att inte kunna tillgodose barnens behov skaver inom mig. Jag upplever att egna tolkningar av förskolans styrdokument och okunskapen hos pedagoger gör att barnen blir lidande och att pedagoger kan upplevas som frånvarande. Syftet med min essä är att undersöka kunskapens relevans för att handla professionellt i krävande situationer. Jag ställer mig frågande till kunskapens betydelse för att kunna hantera den stora barngruppen under svåra förhållanden, och hur påverkar pedagogernas etiska förhållningssätt handlandet? Vidare funderar jag över hur förskolläraren kan använda sitt ledarskap för att hindra osämja i arbetslaget när vissa pedagoger inte levererar. Jag har använt essä som metod för min undersökning vilket har gett mig möjlighet att reflektera över mina praktiska erfarenheter samt möjligheten att tolka problemet ur andras perspektiv. Med hjälp av teorier som berör praktisk kunskap, makt, ledarskap, och etik har jag vridit och vänt på mitt dilemma för att skapa mig nya perspektiv på problemet. Mina diskussioner med litteraturen har påvisat vissa svårigheter som kan uppstå mellan förskollärare och barnskötare på grund av skillnader i utbildning, kompetens och uppdrag. I reflektionen över mitt dilemma kommer jag också fram till att det är viktigt att ett arbetslag består av kompetenta pedagoger med praktisk erfarenhet. Jag kommer även fram till att det kan vara en fördel att det finna minst en utbildad förskollärare per avdelning för att med sin teoretiska kunskap kunna möta barnens behov i verksamheten utifrån de ålägganden som kommer från ledningen och skolverket. / My scientific essay takes its starting point in two self-perceived tales taken directly from my professional career in preschool. The dilemma is about absent teachers and their inability to handle large groups of children in demanding situations. I experience that the children are being affected negatively due to the actions of the educators, and my feelings of being unable to meet the children´s needs, torments me. I find that individual interpretations of the preschool's governing documents and the educator´s lack of knowledge, makes the children suffer, and educators are easily being perceived as absent. The purpose of my essay is to investigate the relevance of knowledge in dealing professionally with demanding situations within the preschool. I question the importance of knowledge in dealing with a big group of children in difficult circumstances, and how does the ethical approach of educators affect their action. Furthermore, I question whether it is possible for the preschool teacher to use her leadership skills to prevent conflict in the  working environment when some educators are being unable to deliver. I have adopted the method of essay writing in my research. This has given me the opportunity to reflect on my practical experience as well as the possibility to interpret the problem from other’s perspective. With the help of theories relating to practical knowledge, power, leadership, and ethics, I have viewed my dilemma from different angles in order to bring new perspectives on the problem. By engaging in discussions with the literature it has been revealed that difficulties may arise between preschool teachers and general educators due to differences in education, skills and the overall assignment. By reflecting over my dilemma, I also come to the conclusion that the working team needs competent teachers with practical experience. I also conclude that there should be at least one educated preschool teacher in order to meet the needs of the children in the department, based on the instructions from the management and the school.

Med avstamp i två berättelser knutna till fritidshemslärarprofessionen utforskar denna vetenskapliga essä gränsen mellan att vara privat, personlig och professionell inom skolans värld. Det är en hermeneutisk och fenomenologisk undersökning av hur vi bör förhålla oss till och hur vi kan förstå våra kollegor och elever i svårbedömda situationer. Med utgångspunkt i den praktiska kunskapens teori är essän ett utforskande av hur relationen mellan praktisk kunskap och maktpositioner inom skolan kan se ut. Etiken har även en central roll i essän. Vi undersöker hur dygdetiken, närhetsetiken och diskursetiken kan spela roll i de mellanmänskliga mötena och i relationsbyggandet i skolan och på fritidshemmet. Slutligen diskuterar vi interkulturalitetsbegreppet utifrån våra berättelser samt diskuterar hur ett sådant förhållningssätt aktualiseras i relation till skolans och fritidshemmets uppdrag i läroplanen.      De slutsatser vi kommer fram till är att kommunikation, gemensam reflektion och tid är avgörande komponenter för att få till ett fungerande samarbete mellan kollegor, men också för att få förståelse för varandra och varför vi agerar som vi gör i vissa situationer. Genom gemensam reflektion ges vi också möjligheter till att utbyta erfarenheter med varandra och därigenom når vi både insikt om och lär oss av varandras praktiska kunskap. / Stamped in two stories linked to the leisure-time teacher profession, this scientific essay explores the boundary between being private, personal and professional in the world of school. It is a hermeneutical and phenomenological study of how we should relate to and how we can understand our colleagues and students in difficult situations. Based on the theory of practical knowledge, the essay is an exploration of how the relationship between practical knowledge and positions of power within the school can look like. The ethics also play a central role in the essay. We examine how the virtue ethics, proximity ethics and discourse ethics can play a role in the interpersonal meetings and building relationships in schools and leisure-centers. Finally, we discuss the intercultural concept based on our stories, as well as discuss how such an approach is actualized in relation to the school and the leisure center's assignment in the curriculum.      The conclusion we reach is that communication, joint reflection and time are critical components in order to get a working collaboration between colleagues, but also to gain an understanding of each other and why we act as we do in certain situations. Through joint reflection we are given opportunities to share experiences with each other and thus we reach both insight and learn from each other's practical knowledge