The purpose of this study was to identify health and emotional-related issues of service members after a deployment to Iraq. Secondary data analysis and a cross-sectional descriptive design, were used to analyze data from the Department of Defense Post Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA) database. The cognitive appraisal model of stress and coping (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984) guided this study. Several statistical techniques were used including: frequency distributions cross tab evaluations, factor analysis, reliability calculations, regression analysis and tests for mediation. The study sample included 510, 352 service members (49,998 females, 460,349 males) with a mean age of 29 years. The sample represented all components and branches of the military. Of the total sample, 51.9% (n=264,777) saw wounded, killed or dead individuals and 22.1% (n=112,620) discharged their weapon in combat. Environmental exposures were an important source of stress. Exposures to sand and dust were the largest complaint (89.8% of the sample). Multiple physical symptoms were identified and 40% of the sample reported four or more symptoms (e.g. diarrhea, back pain, headache, fatigue). PTSD symptoms were identified in 11.8% (n = 60,200) and depressive symptoms in 26.5%, (n=123,808) of participants. Results of the study indicated that age, gender, rank, race/ethnicity, military component and branch were important predictors of emotional and health-related concerns in this sample. Appraisal variables (danger of being killed and exposure concerns) mediated the relationship between immediate (physical and depressive symptoms) and long term outcomes (health perception, PTSD symptoms) for the majority of the analyses; supporting the study hypothesis. However, length of deployment did not have a significant impact on stress-related outcomes in this study. Implications for practice, policy and future research are discussed.

Introdução: A cardiopatia isquêmica (doença das artérias coronárias) está entre as principais causas de morte de homens e mulheres no Brasil. A cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio é indicada diante do quadro de lesões coronarianas difusas, acometimento de mais de um território coronariano e envolvimento de artérias vitais. Frente à necessidade de submissão ao procedimento cirúrgico, o paciente sente-se exposto a situações de estresse durante todo o período perioperatório, as quais o torna fragilizado física e emocionalmente, mesmo considerando ser este o recurso para manutenção da vida. O Modelo Interacionista do Estresse, referencial adotado nesta pesquisa, mostra que o gênero desempenha função de moderador da percepção do estresse. Objetivo: Identificar as diferenças de gênero na percepção do estresse e nas estratégias de coping de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. Método: Estudo com abordagem quantitativa, observacional, exploratório e descritivo, transversal, com coleta prospectiva de dados, realizado em hospital público de alta complexidade do município de São Paulo, cuja amostra foi composta de 74 homens e 31 mulheres. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre dezembro de 2012 e julho de 2013, após a aprovação dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados: Questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS-14), Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus, para os quais foram utilizados estatísticas descritivas e testes de comparação e correlação. Duas perguntas foram elaboradas para identificar estressores/preocupações e ações que ajudaram a enfrentar o pré-operatório, cujas respostas foram categorizadas e quantificadas. Resultados: A média de pontuação de estresse para mulheres e homens foi, respectivamente, 22,5 e 19,6. Esta diferença não foi estatisticamente significante. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os oito domínios do Inventário de Estratégias de Coping e gênero, enquanto os domínios Resolução de problemas, Reavaliação positiva e Suporte social tiveram maiores médias de pontuação. Observou-se que os domínios Reavaliação positiva, Fuga e esquiva, Autocontrole, Suporte social e Afastamento se relacionaram significativamente com algumas variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre gêneros na categoria B.1-Medo do procedimento: O coração com problemas/anestesia/esternotomia, com predomínio das mulheres (p=0,009) e na categoria C-Atividades para ocupar a mente, com predomino dos homens (p=0,031). Conclusão: Diante da complexidade, novidade e incontrolabilidade relativas à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, o gênero não influenciou nas pontuações de estresse e domínios de coping (Inventário de Estratégias de Coping), predominando, na amostra total, a busca pela Resolução do problema e, em seguida, focou-se na emoção, com o uso da Reavaliação positiva e do Suporte social, destacandose o apoio na fé/oração e o apoio de familiares e amigos. Homens e mulheres diferenciaram-se diante do relato quanto ao estressor e quanto à ação para enfrentar o pré-operatório / Introduction: Ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease) is among the leading causes of death for men and women in Brazil. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is indicated on the diffuse coronary lesions, involvement of more than one coronary territory and of vital arteries. Faced with the need of undergoing the surgical procedure the patient feels exposed to stress during the perioperative period making them physically and emotionally vulnerable, even when surgery is the best option for sustaining life. The Interactionist Model of Stress, framework adopted in this research, shows that gender plays a moderator role in perceived stress. Objective: To identify gender differences in the perception of stress and coping strategies in patients undergoing CABG.Methods: Quantitative, observational, exploratory and descriptive, cross-sectional approach study with transversally prospective data collection conducted in a high complexity public hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, with samples that consisted of 74 men and 31 women. Data collection was conducted between December 2012 to July 2013, after approval from the Ethics in Research Committees. The research materials included a questionnaire for socio - demographic and clinical characteristics, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS- 14), the Inventory of Coping Strategies of Folkman and Lazarus - using descriptive statistics and comparison and correlation tests, and two questions involving stressors / concerns and actions that helped coping with the preoperative. The responses were then categorized and quantified. Results: The mean score of stress for women and men were, respectively, 22.5 and 19.6. This difference was not statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences among the eight domains of the Coping Strategies Inventory and gender, and the domains of Problem solving, Positive reappraisal and Social support showed the highest mean score. It was observed that in the domains of Positive reappraisal, Escape and Avoidance, Self-control, Social support and Distancing were significantly related with the clinical and sociodemographic variables. There was a statistically significant difference between gender and category \"B.1 - Fear of the procedure: Heart problems / anesthesia / sternotomy \" with a predominance of women (p = 0.009) and \"C - Activities to occupy the mind\" with the predominance of men (p = 0.031).Conclusion: Given the complexity, novelty and uncontrollability related to CABG, gender did not influence the scores of stress and coping domains (Coping Strategies Inventory) with the search for problem solving predominating in the total sample, followed by emotion-focused coping of social support and positive reappraisal, highlighting faith / prayer and support from family and friends. Men and women differed on their accounts of stressors and actions for coping the preoperative

Tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti psichologinės adaptacijos ir socialinių, demografinių bei sveikatos veiksnių sąsajas pogimdyminiu laikotarpiu. Tyrime dalyvavo 200 tiriamųjų. Tiriamųjų grupę sudarė pagimdžiusios moterys, gulinčios po gimdymo Vš.Į. Ukmergės ligoninės akušerijos skyriuje ir Kauno Vš.Į. 2-os klinikinės ligoninės filialo P.Mažylio gimdymo namuose. Siekiant nustatyti psichologinės adaptacijos ir socialinių, demografinių bei sveikatos veiksnių sąsajas pogimdyminiu laikotarpiu buvo naudoti šie klausimynai: „Savęs vertinimo klausimynas po gimdymo“, „Edinburgo pogimdyminės depresijos skalė“, „Spilbergerio C. D. Nerimo skalė“. Demografiniams, socialiniams ir sveikatos veiksniams nustatyti buvo naudojami Ž. Jankauskienės ir tyrimo autorės sudaryti klausimai. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad moterų psichologinė adaptacija pogimdyminiu laikotarpiu yra susijusi su demografiniais rodikliais: vyresnio amžiaus moterys, ištekėjusios, turinčios aukštąjį išsilavinimą bei gyvenančios mieste yra geresnės psichologinės adaptacijos. Darbo ir vaikų turėjimas, didesnės pajamos, planuotas nėštumas, partnerio parama nėštumo metu, sveikatai palankus elgesys siejasi su geresne moterų psichologine adaptacija pogimdyminiu laikotarpiu. Šio tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad nėštumo komplikacijos siejasi su blogesne psichologine adaptacija pogimdyminiu laikotarpiu. Gimdymo sužadinimas, gimdymo skausmo malšinimas yra susiję su moterų psichologine adaptacija pogimdyminiu laikotarpiu, tačiau natūralus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The task of this study – to determine correlations between psychological adaptation, socio-demographic and health factors during postnatal period. The group of 200 women participated in this study. The group consisted of women after childbearing in Ukmergė hospital midwifery department and Kaunas 2nd hospital chapter, P.Mažylis midwifery house. Determining the correlations between psychological adaptation, socio-demographic and health factors was done by using The Postpartum self-evaluation questionnaire, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Spielberger C.D. Stait Trait Anxiety Scale. Socio-demographic and health factors were determined using the questionnaire developed by Ž. Jankauskienė and the author of this study. The results of this study showed that psychological adaptation of women during the postnatal period is correlative with demographic factors: older, married and having a high school education women, living in bigger towns show better psychological adaptation. A better psychological adaptation is also correlated with having a job, children, bigger income, planned childbearing, help of the partner and healthy habits. The results of this study also shoved that complications during pregnancy correlate with poorer psychological adaptation during postnatal period. The stimulation of labour, using anesthetics during labour correlate with psychological adaptation during postnatal period. Natural childbirth, Cesarean section and childbirth with the help of... [to full text]

This project analyses the acculturation process in a specific context, in order to predict the perceived work success and health (both psychological and physical) of mineworkers in a mine in the North-West Province.1 Success is evaluated in terms of meeting deadlines at work, reputation and respect at work, and training and development opportunities at work. Employees' success and health is considered from an acculturation perspective and thus viewed as a result of the acculturation process. This hypothesis was investigated by examining the affect of the acculturation context and individual intervening factors, which are translated into variables, on perceived work success and health (acculturation outcomes). A random convenience sample of participants from the mine under investigated was taken (n = 288 the majority of the participants are male, married, Black, and Afrikaans-speaking). English questionnaires using a cross-sectional survey design were administered to these participants. The questions were derived from adapted measuring scales and scales developed for the project, which follow a five-point Likert format ('strongly agree' to 'strongly disagree'). Four categories of instruments were used: those examining the mainstream domain (multiculturalism, tolerance of other cultures by the mainstream, multicultural practices, relationships with host culture members at work), individual intervening factors (individual integration acculturation strategy and perceived self-efficacy), acculturation outcomes (health and work success), and the ethnocultural domain (ethnic integration demands, ethnic solidarity and social support, relationship with co-ethnics, and ethnic vitality at work). The data was captured in a spreadsheet, quality controlled, and statistically analysed using multivariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and T-tests in SAS, SPSS, and AMOS (regression using structural equation modelling). Descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha coefficients, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were examined. Effect sizes were used to determine the practical significance of the findings. Perceived self-efficacy is a statistically significant predictor of work success in terms of meeting deadlines. Multicultural practices, ethnic integration demands at work, relationship with co-ethnics individual integration acculturation strategy, and perceived self-efficacy statistically significant predictors of work success in terms of reputation and respect at work. Multicultural practices and ethnic solidarity and social support are statistically significant predictors of work success in terms of training and development opportunities at work. Relationships with host culture members at work, ethnic solidarity and social support, ethnic vitality at work, and individual integration acculturation strategy are statistically significant predictors of psychological health. Multiculturalism, multicultural practices, and tolerance of other cultures by the mainstream are statistically significant predictors of physical health. This project concludes that success and health can be considered from an acculturation perspective and these acculturation outcomes can be predicted based on the acculturation context and individual intervening factors. / Thesis (M.Com. (Human Resource Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

This project analyses the acculturation process in a specific context, in order to predict the perceived work success and health (both psychological and physical) of mineworkers in a mine in the North-West Province.1 Success is evaluated in terms of meeting deadlines at work, reputation and respect at work, and training and development opportunities at work. Employees' success and health is considered from an acculturation perspective and thus viewed as a result of the acculturation process. This hypothesis was investigated by examining the affect of the acculturation context and individual intervening factors, which are translated into variables, on perceived work success and health (acculturation outcomes). A random convenience sample of participants from the mine under investigated was taken (n = 288 the majority of the participants are male, married, Black, and Afrikaans-speaking). English questionnaires using a cross-sectional survey design were administered to these participants. The questions were derived from adapted measuring scales and scales developed for the project, which follow a five-point Likert format ('strongly agree' to 'strongly disagree'). Four categories of instruments were used: those examining the mainstream domain (multiculturalism, tolerance of other cultures by the mainstream, multicultural practices, relationships with host culture members at work), individual intervening factors (individual integration acculturation strategy and perceived self-efficacy), acculturation outcomes (health and work success), and the ethnocultural domain (ethnic integration demands, ethnic solidarity and social support, relationship with co-ethnics, and ethnic vitality at work). The data was captured in a spreadsheet, quality controlled, and statistically analysed using multivariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and T-tests in SAS, SPSS, and AMOS (regression using structural equation modelling). Descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha coefficients, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were examined. Effect sizes were used to determine the practical significance of the findings. Perceived self-efficacy is a statistically significant predictor of work success in terms of meeting deadlines. Multicultural practices, ethnic integration demands at work, relationship with co-ethnics individual integration acculturation strategy, and perceived self-efficacy statistically significant predictors of work success in terms of reputation and respect at work. Multicultural practices and ethnic solidarity and social support are statistically significant predictors of work success in terms of training and development opportunities at work. Relationships with host culture members at work, ethnic solidarity and social support, ethnic vitality at work, and individual integration acculturation strategy are statistically significant predictors of psychological health. Multiculturalism, multicultural practices, and tolerance of other cultures by the mainstream are statistically significant predictors of physical health. This project concludes that success and health can be considered from an acculturation perspective and these acculturation outcomes can be predicted based on the acculturation context and individual intervening factors. / Thesis (M.Com. (Human Resource Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-24 / Objetivo: avaliar pessoas com amputações de membros inferiores e descrever as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, além de identificar quais dessas influenciam a qualidade de vida e alterações psíquicas. Métodos: estudo transversal, que incluiu pessoas submetidas a amputações de membros inferiores em todos os níveis e etiologias, sendo excluídas as que apresentaram idade inferior a 14 anos. Foram utilizados os questionários SF-36 e SRQ-20 para avaliar a qualidade de vida e as alterações psíquicas respectivamente em relação a variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Resultados: foram entrevistadas 138 pessoas, com idade média de 62 anos, baixa renda e escolaridade, o SF-36 mostrou que apenas as que não eram casadas apresentaram escores médios de várias dimensões significantemente maiores e a avaliação das condições psíquicas foram influenciadas pelo gênero feminino, não ser casado, não ser independente, tempo de amputação e número de doenças associadas, porém depois da regressão logística, apenas o número de doenças associadas e independência mostraram-se significativas. Conclusões: as alterações na qualidade de vida estiveram associadas à presença de condições mórbidas e ao fato de ter um companheiro; 43% dos pacientes apresentaram doença psíquica, que estiveram associadas com o número de doenças crônicas e o fato de não serem independentes; além disso, foram excluídos do mercado de trabalho, não foram reabilitados. / Objective: To evaluate people with lower limb amputations in community base and describe the demographic and clinical variables, and identify which of these influence the quality of life and psychological disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional study that included people who undergone amputation at all levels and etiologies; were excluded younger than 14 years. Was used the SF-36 and SRQ-20 to assess quality of life and the psychological changes respectively in relation to demographic, social and clinical variables. Results: 138 low income and education people was interviewed; the SF-36 showed that only those who were not married had average scores significantly higher in several dimensions and assessment of psychological conditions were influenced by women, not being married, not independent, time of amputation, and number of associated diseases, but after logistic regression, only the number of associated diseases and independence were significant. Conclusions: changes in quality of life were associated with the presence of morbid conditions and to having a partner, 43% of patients had mental illness that were associated with the number of chronic diseases and that they were not independent and, moreover, ware excluded labor market and ware not being rehabilitated. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:39:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karen Kaufmann Sacchetto.pdf: 6693714 bytes, checksum: c49cdb8e8a9a66e671596d8338dc42cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-28 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The Developmental Dyslexia is known as a neuro-biological disturbance which main characteristic is in the difficulty in word recognition. The Developmental Dyslexia has been the subject of numerous studies involving from young children to teenagers with the intent to better advice teachers, parents and students of how to handle with their difficulties, by means of individualized strategies and adaptations allowing the adequate development of their respective competences. In Brazil the researches on adult dyslexia are considerably less developed compared to studies on children to teenagers. Objective: this study proposes to verify, by means of analysis of writing examinations required in the selective process for admission to university, the most frequent standards of errors and the auto-corrective strategies found in the written production of dyslexic adults. Method: the use of qualitative analysis, with quantitative content, it has been identified the number of errors committed in each handwritten expression found in the complete text written for the selection process for admission to the university for 6 adult dyslexic candidates. A complementary analysis resource was added with the submission of two questionnaires applied during individual interviews before and after the examination. Results: it has been found that most of the errors committed referred to complex rules (accentuation) followed by disturbances in the word segment structures, in agreement with the difficulties mentioned in the literature. Conclusion: the dyslexic candidates that arrive at the university level of learning present conditions to develop themselves provided they learn about their limitations and are encouraged to follow on in their accomplishments. At the same time the university level teaching institutions must establish conditions to face situations needed to comply with their legal and secured rights, and be available to allow to these future students to use the tools, strategies and adaptations to start, remain and finalize their university courses in equal conditions as their other colleagues. / A Dislexia do Desenvolvimento é reconhecida como um distúrbio neurobiológico cuja principal característica está no déficit do reconhecimento de palavras. A Dislexia do Desenvolvimento tem sido foco de inúmeros estudos na área da infância e adolescência, com intuito de orientar professores, pais e alunos em compensar suas dificuldades por meio de estratégias individualizadas e adaptações que permitam desenvolver adequadamente suas competências. Em comparação aos estudos voltados à infância e adolescência, busca-se um maior aprofundamento das pesquisas com adultos disléxicos que no Brasil ainda são pouco abordadas. Objetivo: neste estudo, buscou-se verificar, por meio da análise da prova de redação de processo seletivo para o ensino superior, os padrões de erros e estratégias de autocorreção mais frequentes na produção escrita de adultos disléxicos. Método: através de análise qualitativa, com aporte quantitativo, identificou-se o número de erros cometidos por expressão escrita em redação, no processo seletivo para ingresso à universidade, de 6 candidatos adultos disléxicos. Constitui-se como recurso complementar de análise a realização de dois questionários, aplicados por entrevistas individuais anteriores e posteriores à prova. Resultados: verificou-se que a maioria dos erros cometidos referiu-se a regras complexas (acentuação), seguidas por alterações na estrutura segmental das palavras, corroborando com as principais dificuldades apontadas na literatura. Conclusão: os candidatos disléxicos que chegam ao ensino superior apresentam condições de se desenvolverem se tiverem conhecimento das limitações de seu quadro e se forem encorajados a seguirem em suas realizações. Assim, os estabelecimentos de ensino superior devem criar condições para o cumprimento das conquistas, asseguradas por direitos legais, bem como disponibilidade para permitir que esses futuros alunos se apropriem das ferramentas, estratégias e adaptações para iniciar, permanecer e finalizar a graduação em igualdade de condições com os demais universitários.

Introdução: A cardiopatia isquêmica (doença das artérias coronárias) está entre as principais causas de morte de homens e mulheres no Brasil. A cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio é indicada diante do quadro de lesões coronarianas difusas, acometimento de mais de um território coronariano e envolvimento de artérias vitais. Frente à necessidade de submissão ao procedimento cirúrgico, o paciente sente-se exposto a situações de estresse durante todo o período perioperatório, as quais o torna fragilizado física e emocionalmente, mesmo considerando ser este o recurso para manutenção da vida. O Modelo Interacionista do Estresse, referencial adotado nesta pesquisa, mostra que o gênero desempenha função de moderador da percepção do estresse. Objetivo: Identificar as diferenças de gênero na percepção do estresse e nas estratégias de coping de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. Método: Estudo com abordagem quantitativa, observacional, exploratório e descritivo, transversal, com coleta prospectiva de dados, realizado em hospital público de alta complexidade do município de São Paulo, cuja amostra foi composta de 74 homens e 31 mulheres. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre dezembro de 2012 e julho de 2013, após a aprovação dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados: Questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS-14), Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus, para os quais foram utilizados estatísticas descritivas e testes de comparação e correlação. Duas perguntas foram elaboradas para identificar estressores/preocupações e ações que ajudaram a enfrentar o pré-operatório, cujas respostas foram categorizadas e quantificadas. Resultados: A média de pontuação de estresse para mulheres e homens foi, respectivamente, 22,5 e 19,6. Esta diferença não foi estatisticamente significante. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os oito domínios do Inventário de Estratégias de Coping e gênero, enquanto os domínios Resolução de problemas, Reavaliação positiva e Suporte social tiveram maiores médias de pontuação. Observou-se que os domínios Reavaliação positiva, Fuga e esquiva, Autocontrole, Suporte social e Afastamento se relacionaram significativamente com algumas variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre gêneros na categoria B.1-Medo do procedimento: O coração com problemas/anestesia/esternotomia, com predomínio das mulheres (p=0,009) e na categoria C-Atividades para ocupar a mente, com predomino dos homens (p=0,031). Conclusão: Diante da complexidade, novidade e incontrolabilidade relativas à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, o gênero não influenciou nas pontuações de estresse e domínios de coping (Inventário de Estratégias de Coping), predominando, na amostra total, a busca pela Resolução do problema e, em seguida, focou-se na emoção, com o uso da Reavaliação positiva e do Suporte social, destacandose o apoio na fé/oração e o apoio de familiares e amigos. Homens e mulheres diferenciaram-se diante do relato quanto ao estressor e quanto à ação para enfrentar o pré-operatório / Introduction: Ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease) is among the leading causes of death for men and women in Brazil. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is indicated on the diffuse coronary lesions, involvement of more than one coronary territory and of vital arteries. Faced with the need of undergoing the surgical procedure the patient feels exposed to stress during the perioperative period making them physically and emotionally vulnerable, even when surgery is the best option for sustaining life. The Interactionist Model of Stress, framework adopted in this research, shows that gender plays a moderator role in perceived stress. Objective: To identify gender differences in the perception of stress and coping strategies in patients undergoing CABG.Methods: Quantitative, observational, exploratory and descriptive, cross-sectional approach study with transversally prospective data collection conducted in a high complexity public hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, with samples that consisted of 74 men and 31 women. Data collection was conducted between December 2012 to July 2013, after approval from the Ethics in Research Committees. The research materials included a questionnaire for socio - demographic and clinical characteristics, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS- 14), the Inventory of Coping Strategies of Folkman and Lazarus - using descriptive statistics and comparison and correlation tests, and two questions involving stressors / concerns and actions that helped coping with the preoperative. The responses were then categorized and quantified. Results: The mean score of stress for women and men were, respectively, 22.5 and 19.6. This difference was not statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences among the eight domains of the Coping Strategies Inventory and gender, and the domains of Problem solving, Positive reappraisal and Social support showed the highest mean score. It was observed that in the domains of Positive reappraisal, Escape and Avoidance, Self-control, Social support and Distancing were significantly related with the clinical and sociodemographic variables. There was a statistically significant difference between gender and category \"B.1 - Fear of the procedure: Heart problems / anesthesia / sternotomy \" with a predominance of women (p = 0.009) and \"C - Activities to occupy the mind\" with the predominance of men (p = 0.031).Conclusion: Given the complexity, novelty and uncontrollability related to CABG, gender did not influence the scores of stress and coping domains (Coping Strategies Inventory) with the search for problem solving predominating in the total sample, followed by emotion-focused coping of social support and positive reappraisal, highlighting faith / prayer and support from family and friends. Men and women differed on their accounts of stressors and actions for coping the preoperative

Bakgrund: ALS är en obotlig neurologisk sjukdom som leder till försvagning av muskler efter en nedbrytande process i nervsystemet. Det finns en ärftlig komponent, men i många fall går det inte att fastställa orsaken bakom sjukdomens uppkomst. Att diagnostiseras med en obotlig sjukdom där kroppsliga funktioner avtar samtidigt som de kognitiva förmågorna och känseln består innebär ofta ett stort lidande för patienterna. Att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av sjukdomen kan öka förståelsen och skapa en möjlighet att närma sig lidandet. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av att leva med ALS. Metod: Studien är en litteraturöversikt som baserades på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Dessa återfanns i databaserna Pubmed och CINAHL. Artiklarna granskades med hjälp av Sophiahemmets Högskolas formulär för kvalitetsgranskning och analyserades genom en integrerad analys. Resultat: Ur analysen framträdde tre kategorier: “Upplevelsen av maktlöshet”, “Upplevelsen av att vara en börda” och “Upplevelsen av att anpassa sig till en ny tillvaro”. I resultatet framkom att patienter med ALS upplevde ett lidande som de själva beskrev i olika termer, men likaså återgav de positiva erfarenheter och hur dem utvecklade strategier för att hantera sin nya tillvaro. Slutsats: Denna litteraturöversikt beskriver hur patienter med ALS hanterar sin verklighet, vilket till viss del skiljer sig åt. Lidandet som patienterna upplever kan bli del av personlig utveckling, samtidigt som risken finns att hela livsperspektivet påverkas negativt om patienterna fastnar i lidandet. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att lindra patienters lidande och litteraturöversikten upplyser om hur ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt, som bland annat innefattar lyhördhet till hur patienterna upplever sin tillvaro, kan bidra till detta. / Background: ALS is an incurable neurological disease that leads to muscle deterioration following a degrading process in the nervous system. There is a hereditary component, but in many cases it is not possible to determine the cause behind the onset of the disease. Being diagnosed with an incurable disease in which bodily functions decline at the same time as the cognitive abilities and tactile sense remains often results in great suffering for the patients. Describing patients' experiences of the disease can increase understanding and create an opportunity to approach suffering. Aim: The aim was to describe patients' experiences of living with ALS. Method: The study is a literature review based on 15 articles. These were found in the databases PubMed and CINAHL. The articles were reviewed with the use of Sophiahemmets Högskola's form for quality review and were analyzed through integrated analysis. Results: From the analysis three categories appeared: “The experience of powerlessness”, “The experience of being a burden” and “The experience of adapting to a new existence”. The results showed that patients with ALS experienced suffering that they themselves described in different terms, but they also portrayed positive experiences and how they developed strategies to manage their new situation. Conclusions: This literature review describes how patients with ALS manage their reality, which differs to some extent. The suffering that the patients experience may be part of personal development, while there is a risk that the entire life perspective will be adversely affected if the patients become stuck in the suffering. The nurse plays an important role in relieving patients suffering and the literature review informs how a person-centered approach, which includes, among other things, responsiveness to how patients experience their lives, can contribute to this.

The aim of the study is to study the nature of the relationship between psychological solitude and adaptability among students. Object of research: psychological loneliness and adaptation. The subject of the study: the relationship of subjective feelings of loneliness and adaptability in students. For the empirical study, methods were used, such as: E.N. Osin and D.A. Leontiev "Differential questionnaire of the experience of loneliness", SG. Korchagin "Questionnaire for determining the kind of loneliness", K. Rogers, R. Diamond "The methodology of diagnosis of socio-psychological adaptation". As a result of the study, it was found that the predominant types of loneliness, in the group of subjects, are alienated and dissociated loneliness; the adaptability index for the sample is in the normal range, without deviation towards low values; in the group, two subgroups of psychologically "lonely" and "neodinokih" students were identified. Reliable differences between "lonely" and "neodinokimi" students on the characteristics of adaptability were revealed in all characteristics of socio-psychological adaptation according to K. Rogers. Their presence confirmed our hypothesis of the existence of a relationship between the subjective sense of loneliness and the indicators of adaptability. As a result of the correlation analysis, the "lonely" and "non-regular" students had different correlation links between the general sense of loneliness and the parameters of K. Rogers and R. Diamond's adaptability. These differences in correlation relationships in the groups of "single" and "non-regular" students, allow us to conclude that our hypothesis has been confirmed, namely, the adaptability of the individual and her subjective sense of loneliness are really interrelated, and this relationship is inverse. / Целью исследования является изучение характера взаимосвязи между психологическим одиночеством и адаптивностью у студентов. Объект исследования: психологическое одиночество и адаптация. Предмет исследования: взаимосвязь субъективного ощущения одиночества и адаптивности у студентов. Для эмпирического исследования использовались методики, такие как: Е.Н. Осин и Д.А. Леонтьев «Дифференциальный опросник переживания одиночества», С.Г. Корчагина «Опросник для определения вида одиночества», К. Роджерс, Р. Даймонд «Методика диагностики социально-психологической адаптации». В результате проведенного исследования было выявлено, что преобладающими видами одиночества, в группе испытуемых, являются отчуждающее и диссациированное одиночество; показатель адаптивности для выборки находится в нормальных пределах, без отклонения в сторону низких значений; в группе обозначились 2 подгруппы психологически «одиноких» и «неодиноких» студентов. Достоверные различия между «одинокими» и «неодинокими» студентами по характеристикам адаптивности были выявлены по всем характеристикам социально-психологической адаптации по К.Роджерсу. Их наличие подтвердило нашу гипотезу существования взаимосвязи между субъективным ощущением одиночества и показателями адаптивности. В результате, корреляционного анализа, у «одиноких» и «неодиноких» студентов были выявлены различные корреляционные связи между общим ощущением одиночества и параметрами методики адаптивности К. Роджерса, Р. Даймонда. Эти различия в корреляционных связях в группах «одиноких» и «неодиноких» студентов, позволяют нам сделать вывод, что наша гипотеза подтвердилась, а именно, адаптивность личности и ее субъективное ощущение одиночества действительно взаимосвязаны, и данная связь является обратной.