AbstractFilm är något som använts i skolan under en lång tid. Film är dock något som används relativtokritiskt. Den källa som lärare normalt använder för att visa film är AV-Media. I dennaundersökning har fyra av AV-Media Kronobergs filmer om hinduismen undersökts: Världensreligioner: Hinduismen och tre delar ur serien Kort om Indien.Teorin bygger i huvudsak på tre böcker, Umberto Ecos Den frånvarande Strukturen, Bill NicholsRepresenting Reality, Mattew Bernstein och Gaylyn Studlars Visions of the East, Orientalism inFilm. Samt Edward Saids Orientalism. Eco används för att spåra en struktur i filmerna, strukturenframträder genom att motsatspar identifieras. Bill Nichols används för att se vilken påverkanfilmernas stil har.I undersökningens analys framträder en struktur med motsatspar. I hela filmerna finns ettöverliggande motsatspar som är Indien – västvärlden. Detta motsatspar förstärks av en mängd andramotsatspar som tillskriver Indien och västvärlden olika egenskaper. I analysen blir det tydligt attfilmernas stil leder till att de sänder ut orientalistiska budskap. Det framkommer också att det finnsen latent orientalism hos såväl tittare som filmskapare.

This essay analyses how Hinduism is portrayed within different textbooks produced for students attending senior high school in Sweden, spanning the years of 1998 until 2013. The analysis itself aims to identify any orientalist tendencies within the textbooks as well as how gender is portrayed. The textbooks are analysed from a set of criteria, namely, content, visual text, gender and text analysis. The analysis also examines what changes occur in regards to how textbooks portray Hinduism in the courses Religion A and Religion 1. Textbooks constitute a dominant part of the Swedish education system which makes the findings of this essay relevant and important for educators. The theory which acts as a foundation for this essay has been adapted from Edward Said’s Orientalism. Said argues that Orientalism is a political strategy which uses stereotypical descriptions of Hinduism to show the strength and superiority of the West. The textbooks studied here contain Orientalist tendencies to a varying degree and  Hinduism as a religion is portrayed in a simplistic manner throughout. Hinduism is also portrayed in sharp contrast to the structure of western society as a primitive religion in a way that is not fully consistent with how Hinduism is practiced in India and around the world today. There are tendencies toward latent orientalist perspectives. The gender perspective in regards to actual text is roughly unchanged throughout all the material used in the study. However, when viewing the images contained within the material, changes have been dramatic and the more recent textbooks now lean towards being dominated by illustrations of females as opposed to males.  The major change in discourse took place between the textbooks connected to Religion A and the books connected to Religion 1. There were significantly less orientalist tendencies present in the textbooks adapted to Religion 1 and a clear pattern could be discerned. Where orientalist tendencies had been diminished the authors had instead attached explanations to the text and expanded upon the subject-matter enabling the reader to gain a greater understanding of what everyday life as a Hindu entails. Another change which could be found in the analysis is that recent textbooks had adapted its subject-matter to conform to how the realities of Hinduism in India and the rest of the world actually look like today. The outdated and stereotypical attributes previously attached to Hinduism based on a western viewpoint have thus faded or been replaced altogether.

With the progress of globalization, it is becoming increasingly evident that there lies within it a Westernizing thrust that forms a part of the European colonial legacy. Postcolonial theorists, exemplified by Homi K. Bhabha, Edward W. Said, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, have, over the last twenty years, produced some of the most influential discourse-analysis of colonialism, and critiques of neocolonialism. Their works, committed to various streams of poststructuralism, nonetheless exhibit some debilitating epistemological problems this thesis demonstrates by recourse to Wittgenstein and Kierkegaard. In conclusion it offers an alternative approach to globalization derived from Kierkegaard's dilemma of first principles in Either/Or, and Wittgenstein's discussion of language games in Philosophical Investigations .

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2018-07-03T18:09:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Viviane Pires Ribeiro - 2018.pdf: 3368479 bytes, checksum: fd3252e9742263060b64c4e3c56313fa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-04T12:30:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Viviane Pires Ribeiro - 2018.pdf: 3368479 bytes, checksum: fd3252e9742263060b64c4e3c56313fa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-04T12:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Viviane Pires Ribeiro - 2018.pdf: 3368479 bytes, checksum: fd3252e9742263060b64c4e3c56313fa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-08 / Outro / With the merger of Celg by the Enel group, one of the largest private companies in the Brazilian electric power sector, Enel Distribuição Goias has been facing serious problems related to its indicators of continued power supply, due to the fact that Celg-D has been in recent years, among the worst positions in the national ranking of service continuity and as one of the concessionaires that most compensates its consumers, directly affecting the company's results and generating losses to its shareholders. The requirement of the purchase agreement, defined by Aneel, is that, from 2019, the worsening trends in the SAID and SAIF indicators of Enel-GO will be reversed, under penalty of being intervened by the regulator and even losing the concession. In this scenario is the following question: Does the trend in the indicators of continuity of the Celg have the characteristic of persistence to the shocks, that is, it has long memory? The objective of this study is to analyze the persistence of the series of duration (SAID) and frequency (SAIF) of interruptions of the power supply of the company's electric sets during the periods prior to its privatization, from 2014 to 2016. Specifically, it seeks to test whether the series have long memory, to verify if the presence of structural breaks in the data changes the results and to identify if there is heterogeneity in the behavior of the series in different sets. For this, the methodology used is the method proposed by Robinson (1995) to analyze the persistence of the series and the Andrews and Ploberger (1994) test, with p-value using the approximations of Hansen (1997). The results suggest that there is a difference in the order of integration, depending on the type of series, duration or frequency and the electric set involved. Since the frequency series, in general, present more persistence than those of duration. When considering the potential presence of data breaks, there is a change in the order of integration of some series and in most of the sets the order found is less than 1. Therefore, both fractional integration analysis that considers the presence of break, do not consider, they point out that there are few sets that present persistent series and the majority of those who present are those that receive the highest compensations. However, it is not only the sets that receive large monetary amounts, in the form of compensations, that have series of persistent duration and / or frequency. Therefore, the hypothesis that part of the trend in the indicators has long-term components is partially rejected, in approximately 24% of the sets that received the highest DIC indicator compensations and in 40% of the sets that received the highest FIC compensation. In this way, the present work differs from the previous literature both in the sense of analyzing the behavior of the series of continuity indicators, with a methodology considered more robust, as well as by the database, not yet explored by the academy. Finally, the analysis allows both the direction of public and business policies and can be used by the company in making ex-ante decisions on the adoption of policies to reduce its indicators. / Com a incorporação da Celg pelo grupo Enel, uma das maiores empresas privadas do setor elétrico brasileiro, a Enel Distribuição Goiás vêm enfrentando problemas relacionados aos seus indicadores de continuidade do fornecimento de energia, devido ao fato da Celg-D ter ficado, nos últimos anos, entre as piores posições no ranking nacional da continuidade do serviço e como uma das concessionárias que mais compensa os seus consumidores, afetando diretamente o resultado da empresa e gerando prejuízo aos seus acionistas. A exigência do contrato de compra, definido pela Aneel, é que a partir de 2019, sejam revertidas as tendências de piora nos indicadores de DEC e FEC, sob a pena de sofrer uma intervenção do órgão regulador e até mesmo, perder a concessão. Neste cenário cabe a seguinte pergunta: A tendência nos indicadores de continuidade da Celg tem a característica de persistência aos choques, ou seja, apresenta memória longa? Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a persistência das séries de duração (DEC) e frequência (FEC) das interrupções do fornecimento de energia dos conjuntos elétricos da companhia, durante os períodos anteriores à sua desestatização, de 2014 a 2016 (ainda Celg-D). Especificamente, busca testar se as séries possuem memória longa, verificar se a presença de quebra estrutural nos dados altera os resultados e identificar se há heterogeneidade no comportamento das séries em diferentes conjuntos. Para tanto, a metodologia empregada é o método proposto por Robinson (1995) para analisar a persistência e o teste de quebra estrutural de Andrews e Ploberger (1994), com p-valor usando as aproximações de Hansen (1997). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que há diferença na ordem de integração, dependendo do tipo de série, duração ou frequência e do conjunto elétrico envolvido. Sendo que as séries de frequência, no geral, apresentam um maior grau de persistência do que as de duração. Quando considera a potencial presença de quebra nos dados, há alteração na ordem de integração de algumas séries e na maioria dos conjuntos a ordem encontrada é inferior a 1. Portanto, tanto a análise de integração fracionária que considera a presença de quebra, quanto a que não considera, apontam que são poucos os conjuntos que apresentam séries persistentes e a maioria dos que apresentam são os que recebem as maiores compensações. Porém, não é somente os conjuntos que recebem grandes valores monetários, em forma de compensações, que possuem séries de duração e/ou frequência persistentes. Logo, a hipótese de que parte da tendência nos indicadores tenha componentes de longo prazo é parcialmente não rejeitada, em aproximadamente 24% dos conjuntos que receberam as maiores compensações do indicador de DIC e em 40% dos conjuntos que receberam as maiores compensações de FIC. Desta forma, o presente trabalho se diferencia da literatura prévia tanto no sentido de analisar o comportamento das séries dos indicadores de continuidade, com uma metodologia considerada mais robusta, como também pela base de dados, ainda não explorada pela academia. Por fim, a análise permite tanto o direcionamento de políticas públicas como empresariais, podendo ser utilizada pela companhia na tomada de decisão ex-ante sobre a adoção de políticas para a redução dos seus indicadores.

Syftet med den här intervjustudien är att belysa hur sju kvinnliga gymnasieelever med en utomeuropeisk bakgrund upplever och förhåller sig till den eurocentriska och manliga kanon inom historieundervisningen. Metoden som har använts är semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med en teoretisk utgångspunkt i grundad teori samt existentiell hermeneutik. Det som har framkommit av elevernas utsagor har sedan problematiserats utifrån Edward Saids teorier presenterade i Orientalism samt Simone de Beauvoirs teorier i Det andra könet. Samtliga intervjupersoner är kritiska till den eurocentriska och manliga kanon i historieundervisningen. Det finns dock en distinkt skillnad mellan hur eleverna resonerar kring dessa två företeelser där den manliga kanon betydligt enklare legitimeras och på så sätt blir immun mot kritik. Eleverna upplever generellt att de inte kan identifiera sig med sin historieundervisning. De tillskriver sina egna identifikationer som kvinnor och som utomeuropéer, och/eller som personer med insikt i en annan kultur, viss betydelse för hur de resonerar kring frågor som rör kanon i undervisningen.

Uppsatsen Läroboks-muslimer behandlar postkoloniala föreställningar och stereotyper i läromedel avsedda för den svenska gymnasieskolan. Studiens syfte har varit att kartlägga och analysera hur islam och muslimer framställs i fyra av gymnasieskolans läroböcker; tillvägagångssättet studien använt sig av har varit att genom diskursanalysen som metod och med avstamp i den kritiska postkoloniala teoribildningen, kartlägga och analysera postkoloniala typifieringar av islam och muslimer med avgränsning på om och i sådana fall hur, läromedelsförfattarna skildrar: 1. Jihad, och 2. Islams kvinnosyn. Resultatet visar att den historiska västerländska diskurs, vilken porträtterar islam och muslimen som blodtörstig, våldsbejakande, kvinnoföraktande och misogyn, fortfarande dominerar och florerar i de granskade läroböckerna. Beträffande skildringen av jihad går det att finna en märkbar utveckling i en av läroböckerna som framställer begreppet komplext och nyanserat. Vad gäller islams kvinnosyn så präglas porträtteringen, i likhet med jihadbegreppet, i mångt och mycket av stereotypt och tendentiöst urval. Studiens analys- och diskussionsavsnitt behandlar hur dessa fynd kan sättas i ett större historiskt sammanhang och kopplas till en postkolonial epistemologisk produktion som stakat ut riktlinjerna för en dominerande samhällsdiskurs om islam och muslimer.

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In this essay I’ve been looking to extend the knowledge regarding the construction as someone as “the other”. The aim is to examine if it is possible to depict and find a general picture of ”the other”, as he/she is described in the media.   I’m not alone in examining this, and I present several works which are somewhat similar to this essay. My work is special however, in that I’ve decided to examine the picture of “the other" by examining how four different Swedish newspapers wrote about the first Russian and the first Chilean Nobel prize winner in literature, Ivan Bunin (1933) and Gabriela Mistral (1945). To be more specific, I’ve been asking the following thematic questions, to find answers to my initial question: Is “the other” portrayed differently, as a result of the winners’ native countries? Is "the other” portrayed differently, as a result of the winners’ social class or gender? Is it possible to distinguish any interesting differences and similarities in how “the other” is constructed, in diverse political schools? Through my findings I’ve discovered that the term “the other” isn’t a homogenous one, as it varies from situation to situation. In Bunin’s case the political aspect of the term tended to outweigh the ethnical one. In other words, the fact that Bunin, in the reporting, is constructed as someone who can represent the political views of the magazine (or is otherfied, as someone who’s representing deviating views), was considered more interesting than portraying a picture of Russia as “the other”. In Mistral’s case the newspapers tended to focus more on her otherness, as a female, in contrast to how the maleness is considered to be normal. There’s also a view of South American people as a whole – as embodied in Mistral – as something different and “other” compared to the Swedish.

Diploma thesis "From evil Turk to comrades and back" deals with the ability to use power to overlay one dominant discourse by the another. In our case local orientalist discourse by the new communist one. We have analysed media representations of selected Middle Eastern countries and people living there, published in broadsheet Pravda in two different periods - in 1984 and after 2014. We have analysed more than 50 articles from 1984, and 160 titles, photos and introductions published after 2014. Communist discourse dominated in the 80's Pravda newspaper, accompanied with relevant framing, stereotypes and binary opposites. But this shift was only temporal, and nowadays Pravda shows a comeback to orientalism as defined by Edward Said and others, as well as being present in Slovak folk and art literature for a long time before. Media shifted the narrative from the evil Turk to vicious American, while Islam and "us" vs. "them" division was made irrelevant. On the other hand, class divides were put into the spotlight, with the political left being unifying international element spanning the globe. 30 years later Pravda operates with typical orientalistic framing again - Islam, oriental tyrrany, irrationality or religious bigotry and fanaticism. We have also, as collateral result of the analysis, found...

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