In this thesis I offer a brief overview of the current legislative, regulatory and treaty frameworks impacting emergency management in British Columbia, with a particular emphasis on Crown-identified First Nation roles. I show that the regime overwhelmingly positions non-First Nation governments, contractors and other organizations to manage emergencies on behalf of First Nations. I explore emergency management as a manifold process that includes protracted planning, mitigation and recovery phases, which, unlike emergency response, are carried out with lower levels of urgency. I consider Canadian Constitution Act, 1982 (s. 35) Aboriginal rights in light of the lack of statutorily prescribed inclusion of First Nations in off-reserve emergency management, particularly at the planning, mitigation and recovery phases concluding that the jurisprudence to date (including the duty to consult and Aboriginal title) does not appear to have revolutionized the regime. While the constitutional status of Aboriginal rights should operate to insure adequate First Nation direction in each stage of emergency management, the regime continues to restrictively prioritize other constitutional priorities, such as division of powers and civil liberties. To better understand the omission, I theorize the lack of Crown implementation of s. 35 Aboriginal rights generally as an ‘obligation gap’, highlighting how an analysis of s. 35 Aboriginal rights as ‘negative rights’ fails to compel implementation of the full scope of Crown obligations implicit within the jurisprudence to date. I then offer a new framework for s. 35 as justiciable ‘recognition rights’ and juxtapose ‘recognition rights’ with the idea of justiciability of government inaction through a brief comparative analysis of socioeconomic rights in South Africa’s constitution and Canada’s constitutional Aboriginal rights. With a decided emphasis on the obligations of the Crown, this thesis attempts to offer fodder to First Nations and legal practitioners seeking to challenge the emergency management landscape where First Nations seek an enhanced role in protecting and restoring their respective territories in anticipation of, and in the wake of, disaster. For convenience and clarity, contemporary geographical and jurisdictional references to the areas now known as Canada and British Columbia are used throughout the thesis without intention to detract from the integrity of First Nation claims to their traditional and ancestral territories.

Objectif: La santé des Indiens inscrits est inférieure à celle des autres Canadiens et dévoile des écarts importants entre les différents groupes qui la composent. La nation crie de l’Iiyiyiu Aschii, signataire de la Convention de la Baie-James et du Nord québécois (CBJNQ), bénéficie à cet égard d’un état de santé supérieur à celui des autres Indiens inscrits. L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’examiner l’impact de la CBJNQ sur les déterminants sociaux et l’état de santé de ses signataires cris depuis son entrée en vigueur en 1977. Méthodologie : Des analyses comparatives entre les Cris de l’Iiyiyiu Aschii, les Indiens inscrits et les Canadiens ont permis de suivre l’évolution à travers le temps des différences socioéconomiques, d’habitudes de vie et d’état de santé de ces groupes. Résultats : Les Cris ont enregistré, comparativement aux autres groupes d’Indiens inscrits vivant sur une réserve, une plus grande amélioration de leurs déterminants socioéconomiques, une progression relativement limitée de leurs comportements à risque et une préservation à un niveau plus élevé de leurs pratiques traditionnelles. Les Cris ont également vu progresser plus rapidement leur espérance de vie à la naissance que les Canadiens, et leur mortalité infantile a connu une chute encore plus importante que celle enregistrée chez les Indiens inscrits sur réserve. Conclusion : La CBJNQ a vraisemblablement eu un impact significatif sur la santé des Cris de l’Iiyiyiu Aschii. Cette amélioration sanitaire s’explique notamment par la Convention qui a su mettre en place des structures politiques qui ont favorisé l’amélioration des déterminants sociaux et le développement de l’autonomie gouvernementale des Cris. / Objective : The health of Status Indians is below that of other Canadians, showing important gaps among the different Status groups. The Cree Nation of Eeyou Istchee, signatory to the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA), shows a higher health level than that of other Indian Nations. The objective of this thesis is to examine the impact of the JBNQA, signed in 1977, on the health of the Cree. Method : A comparative health analysis was conduted among the Cree of Eeyou Istchee, other Indian Nations’ levels, and that of non-Native Canadians, in order to examine the evolution of social determinants of health statuses of these groups. Results : The Cree achieved the highest improvement in their socioeconomic determinants, limited progress in reducing their risky behaviors, and better retention of their traditional ways of life, than other Native Nations. The Cree increased their life-expectancy at birth to a higher status than the Canadian status, and their child mortality rates decreased compared to those of other Status Indians. Conclusion : The JBNQA seems to have had a significant impact on the health of the Cree Nation of Eeyou Istchee. The improvements might be explained by the political structures created by the Agreement. These structures supported both the improvement of the social determinants and the development of the Cree self-governement.

Die Idee der Selbstbestimmung ist ein Konzept, welchem im historischen sowie aktuellen pädagogischen Diskurs eine hohe Bedeutung zugemessen wird. Ausgehend von der Epoche der Aufklärung wird der Mensch als vernunftbegabtes Wesen mit der Fähigkeit zum selbstbestimmten Handeln verstanden. Gleichzeitig hat sich, mit Beginn der Pädagogik als Wissenschaft, aus dem theoretisch und praktisch scheinbar nicht zu lösenden, Widerspruch zwischen subjektiver Autonomie und intentionaler Heteronomie ein Problem aufgetan, dessen Lösungsversuche den erziehungswissenschaftlichen Diskurs bis heute prägen. Wird dem Kind die Fähigkeit und das Recht auf selbstbestimmtes Handeln ausdrücklich anerkannt, ist jede pädagogische Intervention als fremdbestimmt abzulehnen. Dies würde im schlimmsten Fall bedeuten, dass die Erziehung sich selbst abschafft. Wenn man Autonomie allerdings als Kompetenz versteht, die am Ziel eines Entwicklungsprozesses steht, stellt sich die Frage ob ein Mensch ohne Erziehung überhaupt in diesen Zustand gelangen kann. Vor dem Hintergrund des Selbstbestimmungsdiskurses, des pädagogischen Paradox, der Bindungstheorie und lernpsychologischer Ansätze, wird in der Arbeit der Frage nachgegangen, ob und inwiefern Schüler, denen aktuell keine oder nur wenige Teilkompetenzen für selbstbestimmtes Lernen zugeschrieben werden, selbstbestimmt lernen können.

This diploma work has been made on legal basis, of which the framework is act no. 240/2000 Coll. (the Crisis Act) and other related legal regulations.The objective of the submitted study is to evaluate, by means of comparison of the structure and organization at the time of preventive measures and resolving of emergencies or crisis situations, readiness of single crisis management units of the regional self-government and public administration in South Bohemia.As a result it can be stated that the place and role of the crisis management in the structures of the South Bohemian public administration are irreplaceable and functional as far as resolving of emergencies and crisis situations is concerned, in spite of the fact that the rules are not always fixed and their interpretation is not always clear, which is caused by certain deficiencies in legal framework.

Based on different integration policies, we aim to examine how five municipalities in Stockholm County are working to promote integration at a local level with focus on voter participation and to some extent, representativeness among foreign-born. Statistics provided by SCB shows that foreign-born tends to vote to a lesser extent than those born in Sweden. Further, we aim to examine the implementation of two policy documents established at a national level concerning integration in contrast to policy documents established at a local level in each different municipality. Further, we aim to examine summaries of actions taken in response to the local integration programs, as well as personal interviews. Each municipality will be considered separately, but we thus seek to make a comparative study. The study will be based on a qualitative approach. The implementation process of both central and local policy decisions concerning the promotion of integration will also be discussed in terms of two existing theories of implementation, based on two different perspectives. The result shows that interaction between different participants, such as local officials and politicians, is of importance for the implementation process. All of the studied municipalities have taken some actions in order to implement their goals concerning integration.

The work presented here gives a summary of territorial division and public administration development in Slovakia as the bases for present reform of public administration. This work deals with realization of this reform of public administration and territorial division in Slovakia and evaluate process and fulfillment of purposes of this reform. Key words: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

L’abondance des propositions de redécoupage de la carte des collectivités territoriales témoigne du décalage persistant entre leur taille et leur rôle. Leur territoire ne permet plus à certaines collectivités d’exercer efficacement leurs compétences. La première solution consisterait à redécouper le territoire des collectivités territoriales ; la seconde consisterait à modifier le rôle de chaque niveau de collectivités territoriales. Dans les deux cas, c’est l’organisation territoriale de la République qu’il faudrait réformer. Il appartient alors au juriste de déterminer si le législateur est compétent, à droit constitutionnel constant, pour mener seul ces réformes. Le droit constitutionnel, s’il ne prévoit pas toujours la compétence de l’État pour réformer l’organisation territoriale de la République, ne s’oppose pas à ce que l’État engage seul de telles réformes. Pourtant le législateur s’est montré soucieux des intérêts des collectivités territoriales existantes en évitant d’en supprimer des unités et en ne mettant pas en place une hiérarchie normative entre elles. En conséquence, les réformes menées par l’État n’ont pas permis de résorber le décalage entre la taille des collectivités et leur rôle. Cet échec ne saurait témoigner de contraintes constitutionnelles contrairement à ce qui est parfois soutenu dans le discours politique. Il révèle en revanche le poids des contraintes politiques qui s’exercent sur le législateur, notamment par le biais du cumul des mandats. La fin de cette originalité française viendra peut-être confirmer cette affirmation. / The abundance of proposals aiming to redraw the map of the local authorities reflects the remaining gap between their size and their role. Some authorities cannot effectively exercise their powers anymore. The first solution would be to redraw the boundaries of the local authorities; the second one would be to change the role of each level of local authorities. In both case, it is the territorial organisation of the Republic which should be reformed. It is then up to legal experts to determine whether the legislative power is allowed by the Constitution to carry out alone those reforms. If the Constitution does not always assert the jurisdiction of the State to reform the territorial organisation of the Republic, it does not forbid the State to engage alone such reforms. However, the attitude of the legislative power was to protect the interests of the existing local authorities by avoiding to remove units and by not setting a normative hierarchy between them. Consequently, the reforms carried out by the State have failed to resorb the gap between the size and the role of the local authorities. This failure does not give proof of constitutional constraints, contrary to what is argued in the political discourse. It reveals by contrast the weight of the political constraints which the legislative power has to face with, especially because of the combination of elective offices. The end of this French peculiarity will maybe confirm this assert.

No description available.

No description available.

The presented M.A. thesis pursues Jewish self-government in Bohemian towns and villages during the 17th and 18th centuries. Based on communal statutes of Jewish communities in Chodová Planá, Nové Sedliště, Rožmberk nad Vltavou, Rychnov nad Kněžnou and Tachov the study describes constitution of local self-government and agenda of communal officials. Even though the sources originate from communities scattered throughout Bohemia, we can find plenty of shared topics contained in the statutes. Thanks to this parallelism the study can outline common features of the Jewish self-government, of relation between Jewish communities and manorial lords and of everyday life in this communities.