INTRODUÇÃO: A mastectomia é um procedimento que pode gerar diversas repercussões tanto físicas quanto emocionais. Atualmente há uma tendência para que a reconstrução da mama seja realizada o quanto antes com o objetivo de amenizar o impacto psicológico da doença. Na literatura são escassos os estudos sobre os efeitos da mastectomia e da reconstrução mamária na postura. Ainda na literatura é possível observar que não há um consenso sobre a qualidade de vida, imagem corporal e autoestima em mulheres submetidas à mastectomia com e sem reconstrução da mama. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a postura, qualidade de vida, imagem corporal e autoestima em mulheres com mastectomia sem reconstrução e com reconstrução imediata da mama. METODOLOGIA: Participaram do estudo 76 mulheres com idade entre 35 e 70 anos diagnosticadas com câncer de mama e submetidas à mastectomia, sendo divididas em dois grupos: sem reconstrução da mama (MSR; n=38) e com reconstrução mamária imediata com retalho abdominal (M+RI; n=38). Para a avaliação da postura foram localizados e demarcados pontos anatômicos específicos para a obtenção de fotografias em vista anterior, posterior, lateral direita e esquerda. As fotografias foram analisadas pelo Software para Avaliação Postural (SAPO). Na avaliação da qualidade de vida foi utilizado o questionário Short- Form Health Survey; na imagem corporal o Questionário de Imagem Corporal após o Câncer de Mama e a autoestima foi avaliada pela Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de alfa= 0,05. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação postural o grupo MSR apresentou maior ângulo no alinhamento vertical do tronco, na vista lateral esquerda (4,2 vs. 3,1; p=0.05). Para as demais variáveis do alinhamento postural as diferenças não foram significativas. O grupo MSR apresentou na avaliação da qualidade de vida menor capacidade funcional (66,3 vs. 76,4; p=0,01). Na avaliação da imagem corporal e autoestima não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas. CONCLUSÃO: As mulheres com mastectomia sem reconstrução mamária apresentam na vista lateral esquerda o ombro posicionado mais posteriormente em relação ao trocânter maior do fêmur, apontando para uma rotação de tronco e apresentam menor capacidade funcional na avaliação da qualidade de vida. Ter ou não realizado a reconstrução imediata da mama não comprometeu a imagem corporal e autoestima / INTRODUCTION: Mastectomy is a procedure that can generate diverse physical and emotional repercussions. Currently, there is a tendency to perform breast reconstruction as soon as possible in order to mitigate the psychological impact of the disease. There are few studies in the literature on the effects of mastectomy and breast reconstruction on body posture. However, it has been observed that there is no consensus regarding the quality of life, body image, and self-esteem of women undergoing mastectomy, with or without breast reconstruction. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate posture, quality of life, body image, and self-esteem in women with mastectomy without reconstruction and with immediate breast reconstruction. METHODS: The study included 76 women, 35-70 years of age, who were diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent mastectomy. The women were divided into two groups: without breast reconstruction (MSR, n=38) and with immediate breast reconstruction with an abdominal flap (M+IR, n=38). To assess body posture, specific anatomical points for obtaining photographs were located and marked in anterior, posterior, and right and left side views. The photographs were analyzed using Postural Assessment Software (PAS/SAPO). The Short-Form Health Survey was used to assess quality of life, body image was assessed with the Questionnaire Body Image after Breast Cancer, and self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The significance level was set at alfa=0.05. RESULTS: A higher angle of vertical alignment of the trunk in the left lateral view was observed in the MSR postural assessment group (4.2 vs 3.1; p=0.05). Differences in the other postural alignment variables were not significant. Lower functional capacity in the quality of life assessment was also observed in the MSR group (66.3 vs. 76.4; p=0.01). No statistically significant differences were found in the body image and self-esteem assessments. CONCLUSION: In the left side view, women with mastectomy without breast reconstruction presented with the shoulder positioned more posteriorly in relation to the greater trochanter, indicating trunk rotation. In addition, they exhibited lower functional capacity in quality of life. Body image and self-esteem were not affected by whether or not breast reconstruction was performed

Syftet med intervjustudien är att beskriva några elevers känsla av begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet av sin skolvardag utifrån det särskilda stöd som ges i relation till språk, - läs – och skrivutveckling. Undersökningen utgår från ett elevperspektiv med fokus på elevernas upplevelser och uppfattningar av sin skolvardag kopplat till hinder och svårigheter de möter kring skoluppgifter de får i skolan. Samtliga intervjuade elever i studien går andra året på gymnasiet och har läs- och skrivsvårigheter, samt är i behov av särskilt stöd. Vår empiri är insamlad genom kvalitativa elevintervjuer som analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys. Vi har i vår studie en teoretisk utgångspunkt i den salutogena teorin med fokus på KASAM (Antonovsky, 1987). Studiens resultat pekar på att det finns ett samband mellan elevernas känsla av sammanhang kopplat till upplevd stress, samt att elevernas känsla av begriplighet och hanterbarhet är tätt förknippade med varandra. Våra intervjuundersökningar visar att elevernas självbild påverkar hur de ser på de hinder och svårigheter som de möter i sin skolvardag. De ämnen som särskilt pekas ut som svåra att ta sig an av eleverna, är de ämnen som har ord och begrepp som ska förstås i ett särskilt sammanhang och ämnet svenska pekades ut flest gånger av informanterna. I resultaten framkommer även att det särskilda stöd som förekommer på gymnasiet, skiljer sig från det tidigare erbjudna stödet på högstadiet. De slutsatser som med hjälp av denna kvalitativa studie kan dras, är att samtliga intervjuade elever beskriver en bild av det särskilda stödet på gymnasiet som varken tillgängligt eller utformat på rätt sätt, för att de ska kunna uppleva en känsla av sammanhang av sin skolvardag. Detta skapar i sin tur en frustration och en känsla av otillräcklighet hos eleverna, då det ofta bli de själva som får föra fram sina stödbehov och strida för att få tillgång till det stöd de har rätt till. Eleverna beskriver också att lärarna på gymnasiet inte har tillräcklig kunskap gällande stödbehovet kopplat till deras faktiska svårigheter. Ytterligare en slutsats som vi utifrån vår analys kan dra, är att samtliga elever uttrycker ett behov av stöd utanför klassrummet i en lugn miljö, vilket är i motsats till vad tidigare forskning kommit fram till. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att vår slutsats blir att utifrån våra intervjuanalyser konstatera att det finns ett samband mellan KASAM och hur eleverna hanterar sin skolvardag och de uppgifter de får. Att begripa vad som förväntas och på så sätt hantera sin situation tolkas utifrån vår studie som avgörande för att få till en fungerande kunskapsutveckling och ett bra mående utan stress. Att kunna skapa en skoltillvaro med meningsfullhet och begriplighet verkar vara avgörande för hur eleverna lyckas med att få till en känsla av sammanhang av sin skoltillvaro.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:25:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE GELCIO CARVALHO_2010.pdf: 3331303 bytes, checksum: d2aec807295415f4ab708d6d39f6c473 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-30 / Introduction: The Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás pedagogical project for its medical course has stemmed from a thirty year long dream. It came into existence in 2005 following the authorization granted by the National Council of Education after the homologation of the National Curricular Guidelines. The present study shows the need to further investigate the development of assessment processes which are used to identify, follow and materialize changes in medical training. The theory used lies on the possibility of quantifying the medical performance in the patient-physician encounter. Objective: to evaluate some components of the patient-physician encounter based on biopsychosocial model; to create an assessment tool to measure the self-perception of this encounter; to test the effectiveness of this tool in this scenario; and to quantify the category variables of the research in a Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás medical course. Materials and Methods: This was a quantitative, longitudinal and cohort study. The study group presented 39 medical students from 5th Class of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás Medical School Course and the investigation was divided into two stages with a year interval between the application of the required academic protocols preceded by a medical semiological conclusion. The dimensions under observation were the following: biomedical, cognitive, ecosystemic, psychological and bioethical. The assessment tool was designed to present 5 dimensions,18 facets and 72 indicators, divided into groups of four alternatives per facet, scaled in degrees 0,1,2 or 3. The higher the degree, the higher the complexity of the biopsychosocial model represented by the software program developed by the researcher called Project 2. Introduction: The Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás pedagogical project for its medical course has stemmed from a thirty year long dream. It came into existence in 2005 following the authorization granted by the National Council of Education after the homologation of the National Curricular Guidelines. The present study shows the need to further investigate the development of assessment processes which are used to identify, follow and materialize changes in medical training. The theory used lies on the possibility of quantifying the medical performance in the patient-physician encounter. Objective: to evaluate some components of the patient-physician encounter based on biopsychosocial model; to create an assessment tool to measure the self-perception of this encounter; to test the effectiveness of this tool in this scenario; and to quantify the category variables of the research in a Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás medical course. Materials and Methods: This was a quantitative, longitudinal and cohort study. The study group presented 39 medical students from 5th Class of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás Medical School Course and the investigation was divided into two stages with a year interval between the application of the required academic protocols preceded by a medical semiological conclusion. The dimensions under observation were the following: biomedical, cognitive, ecosystemic, psychological and bioethical. The assessment tool was designed to present 5 dimensions,18 facets and 72 indicators, divided into groups of four alternatives per facet, scaled in degrees 0,1,2 or 3. The higher the degree, the higher the complexity of the biopsychosocial model represented by the software program developed by the researcher called Project 2.Results: Through a circular radial profile with a central point and three areas with crescent spirals graded by differing shades of colors, we have been able to represent the clinical encounter, using the individuals self-perception. The results showed the effectiveness of the software, following a quality control process across all responses. We have used descriptive statistics to mathematically analyze the increase in the study group performance, and compare the responses in percentages in the two stages of the study. We have found a weak association between the category variables (facets) using the Chi-square ratio with the Cramer s-V Coefficient, except for the following facets: Critical Analysis(p 2 = 0,002); Social Health Indicators (p 2 = 0,007); e Health Promotion (p 2 = 0,049). As for individual self-perception, having the facet responses as a reference, 26 subjects (66,7%) showed growth in the formation process; 6 (15,4%) showed decrease and 7 (17,9%) remained unaltered. Conclusion: Through the use of the academic protocol and the biopsychosociallybased patient-physician self-perception assessment tool we have been able to quantitatively assess the academic performance as to knowledge, skills and medical attitudes displayed in the interaction of the physician with the patient. The selfperception assessment tool designed to graphically represent such encounters was put to test and has fulfilled all its objectives. The evaluation of the study group evidentiated some biopsychosocially practices in the pedagogical process used by the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás Medical School. After a year interval between the stages of the study, an increase was observed in the self-perception of the individuals performance 2,9 times as high as the decrease responses. A long-term application of our findings include opportunities to use this methodology for an on-going self-evaluation of the medical students, provide insights about individual performance in the different stages of the medical training, create a new scenario in the academic portfolios as an evaluation and curricular history resource, and finally adjust the assessment tool so that it could be used by other courses and professionals in the health area working in clinical settings. / Introdução: o projeto pedagógico do Curso de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás surgiu da experiência de, aproximadamente, 30 anos. Foi materializado em 2005, com o parecer de autorização do Conselho Nacional de Educação, após a homologação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Com isso, a necessidade de aprofundar o estudo com o desenvolvimento dos processos avaliativos capazes de auxiliar a identificação, o acompanhamento e a efetivação das mudanças na formação médica. O pressuposto teórico adotado na pesquisa sustenta a viabilidade de quantificar a atuação profissional no encontro clínico. Objetivos: avaliar alguns componentes do encontro clínico no modelo biopsicossocial; construir um instrumento de autopercepção deste encontro; testar o instrumento de avaliação nesta vivência; e quantificar as variáveis categóricas da pesquisa em uma turma de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás. Metodologia: pesquisa quantitativa, longitudinal e coorte prospectiva. O grupo do estudo foi composto por 39 acadêmicos da V Turma de Medicina da PUC Goiás e a pesquisa constituída de duas etapas com um intervalo de 1 ano entre as aplicações dos dois protocolos acadêmicos, após a conclusão da unidade de Semiologia Médica. As dimensões avaliadas na pesquisa foram: biomédica, cognitiva, ecossistêmica, psicológica e bioética. O instrumento de avaliação foi construído com 5 dimensões, 18 facetas e 72 indicadores, divididos em blocos de quatro alternativas para cada faceta, escalonadas em graus, zero, 1, 2 ou 3. Quanto maior o grau, maior a complexidade voltada para o modelo biopsicossocial, representada pelo programa informacional desenvolvido pelo pesquisador, denominado Project2. Resultados: por meio de um perfil radial, circular, com um ponto central e três áreas com raios crescentes, graduadas por diferentes tonalidades de cor, foi possível representar o encontro clínico utilizando a autopercepção dos sujeitos. Os resultados serviram para testar a consistência do software, com controle de qualidade para todas as respostas. Utilizando a estatística descritiva, o crescimento do desempenho do grupo do estudo foi observado matematicamente, quando comparadas as respostas em porcentagem nas duas etapas da pesquisa. Houve associação fraca entre as variáveis categóricas (facetas) utilizando a relação do teste Qui-Quadrado com o Coeficiente V de Cramer, com exceção das facetas: Análise Crítica (p 2 = 0,002); Determinantes Sociais de Saúde (p 2 = 0,007); e Promoção da Saúde (p 2 = 0,049). Na autopercepção, tomando como referências as respostas nas facetas, 26 sujeitos (66,7%) demonstraram crescimento no processo de formação, 6 (15,4%) apresentaram declínio e 7 (17,9%) ficaram inalterados. Conclusão: utilizando o protocolo acadêmico e o Instrumento de Autopercepção do Encontro Clínico no Modelo Biopsicossocial, foi possível avaliar quantitativamente o desempenho acadêmico enquanto conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes relacionados à prática clínica. O Instrumento da Autopercepção criado para a representação gráfica deste encontro foi testado e cumpriu com todos os objetivos propostos. A avaliação do grupo do estudo refletiu o processo ensino-aprendizagem da Instituição de Ensino (PUC Goiás), com prática pedagógica problematizadora na visão biopsicossocial. Com intervalo de um ano entre as etapas, houve crescimento das autopercepções dos desempenhos dos sujeitos da pesquisa 2,9 vezes maior que as respostas representadas por declínio. Como visão de futuro, há possibilidade de utilizar a metodologia da pesquisa para perenizar o processo avaliativo dos acadêmicos, propiciar reflexões sobre os desempenhos individuais nas diferentes fases da formação médica, criar um novo cenário nos portfólios acadêmicos como recurso de avaliação na história curricular e possibilidade de adaptar o instrumento para aplicar em outros cursos e profissionais da área da saúde que desenvolvem ambientes clínicos.

A sexualidade envolve processo complexo com determinantes biológicos, psicológicos e interpessoais. Comprometimento em qualquer uma destas dimensões pode interferir na sexualidade, causando impacto na qualidade de vida. Foram estudadas prospectivamente 48 mulheres portadoras de síndrome dos ovários policísticos matriculadas no Ambulatório de Ginecologia Endócrina e Climatério da Clínica Ginecológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Os objetivos do estudo foram: avaliar a auto-estima e auto-imagem corporal; o comportamento sexual; a relação entre parâmetros clínicos da síndrome (obesidade, hirsutismo, irregularidade menstrual) com o comportamento sexual; e, a influência da terapêutica hormonal no ciclo da resposta sexual. O instrumento de avaliação utilizado foi o Questionário Sexual HC - extenso questionário que avaliou, no tempo 0, dados demográficos; antecedentes pessoais; antecedentes gineco-obstétricos; hábitos e estilo de vida; imagem corporal; autoestima; antecedentes sexuais e atividade sexual atual com ênfase na satisfação sexual, existência ou não de parceiro, fases do ciclo da resposta sexual (desejo, excitação, orgasmo e resolução), freqüência sexual, prática de masturbação, avaliação da presença de práticas menos habituais, do grau de intimidade e qualidade de comunicação no envolvimento com o parceiro. A influência da terapêutica hormonal no ciclo da resposta sexual foi avaliada em 30 das 48 pacientes, divididas em três grupos: Grupo A (n=10), medicadas com acetato de medroxiprogesterona, na dose de 5mg/dia/10dias do mês; Grupo B (n=10), medicadas com 35ug de etinilestradiol + 2mg de acetato de ciproterona, na dose de 1cp/dia/21dias do mês e Grupo C (n=10), medicadas com 2mg de valerato de estradiol - 11 drágeas, 2mg de valerato de estradiol + 1mg de acetato de ciproterona - 10 drágeas, na dose de 1dg/dia/21dias do mês. Para esta avaliação foram utilizadas as freqüências sexual, de desejo, de excitação e orgástica nos tempo 0, 6 e 12 meses. A metodologia estatística utilizou freqüências absolutas e relativas para análise descritiva das variáveis, Qui-quadrado de homogeneidade, teste exato de Fisher e o teste de McNemar. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a auto-estima não sofreu interferência das manifestações clínicas da síndrome. A auto-imagem corporal foi prejudicada e exerceu impacto negativo sobre o desejo sexual. A iniciação sexual, as formas de expressão da sexualidade, a intimidade comunicativa com o parceiro e a satisfação sexual não foram influenciadas pela síndrome. Houve maior freqüência masturbatória nas pacientes amenorréicas. A terapêutica hormonal não demonstrou influência no ciclo da resposta sexual. / Sexuality involves a complex process of biologic, psychological and interpersonal elements. Any alteration in such aspects can interfere in sexuality causing impact in the quality of life. Our prospective study was based on 48 women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome enrolled at The Outpatient Unit of the Endocrine and Climaterium- Gynecological Clinic at the General Hospital of São Paulo University Medical School (HC-FMUSP). The aim of our study was to evaluate self esteem and physical self image, sexual behavior, the inter relation of clinical parameters of the syndrome (obesity, hirsutism, menstrual irregularity) with sexual behavior, and the influence of hormone therapy within the cycle of sexual response. We applied the HC-FMUSP Sexual Questionnaires to evaluate at baseline (time zero) demographic data, personal antecedents, gynecological-obstetric antecedents, habits and life style, body image, self esteem, sexual antecedents and present sexual activity, with emphasis on sexual satisfaction, presence or absence of a sexual partner, phases of the cycle of sexual response (desire, excitement, orgasm and resolution) sexual frequency ,masturbation, assessment of less common practices, degree of intimacy and the quality of communication and involvement with the partner. The influence of hormonal therapy was evaluated in 30 of the 48 patients, divided in 3 groups: Group A (n=10), received medroxyprogesterone acetate at a dose of 5mg/day during 10 days of the month; Group B (n=10), received 35ug of ethinyl estradiol + 2mg of cyproterone acetate at a dose of 1 pill/day during 21 days per month, and Group C(n=10) received 2mg of estradiol valerate - 11 pills, 2mg of estradiol valerate + 1mg of cyproterone acetate 10 pills at a dose of 1pill/day during 21 days of the month. We considered the sexual frequencies of, desire, excitement and orgasm at the periods of 0, 6 and 12 months. The statistic methodology used absolute and relative frequencies for the descriptive analyzes of the variables, - Chi Square of homogeneity, Fishers exact test and the McNemar Test. The significance level was 5%. The obtained results led to the conclusion that the clinical manifestations of the syndrome did not interfere with self esteem. However, the physical self image was harmed thus producing a negative impact on sexual drive. Sexual initiation, forms of sexual expression, verbal communication with the partner and sexual satisfaction were not influenced by the syndrome. The masturbation frequency was higher among response.

Introdução: A restrição de crescimento fetal (RCF) é a condição na qual o peso fetal encontra-se abaixo do percentil 10 para a idade gestacional. Essa condição caracteriza a gestação como de alto risco e constitui causa de morbidade e mortalidade perinatal. Além de fatores biológicos fetais, maternos e placentários, a RCF é influenciada por fatores psicossociais como depressão e estresse. Esse estudo tem como objetivo comparar gestantes com suspeita de RCF e gestantes sem intercorrências clínicas em relação à depressão, estresse, apoio social e autoestima. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com 79 gestantes com suspeita de RCF, atendidas no Ambulatório de Baixo Peso Fetal da Clínica Obstétrica do HC-FMUSP e 92 gestantes do Pré-Natal de baixo risco, com fetos de crescimento normal. O PRIME-MD foi utilizado para avaliar depressão e a PPP para avaliação de estresse, apoio social e autoestima. Análise quantitativa foi realizada por meio do teste t ou teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney e para comparação de mais de dois grupos foi considerado o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. O teste de Dunn com correção dos valores p foi utilizado para comparações 2 a 2. Os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson ou teste exato de Fisher foram utilizados para análise das variáveis qualitativas. Resultados: Neste estudo, as gestantes com suspeita de RCF apresentaram média de idade de 25,89(DP=6,11), média de idade gestacional de 33,33(DP=3,36) e média de números de gestação de 1,92(DP=1,22). As gestantes sem intercorrências clínicas apresentaram médias 27,27(DP=5,90), 32,55(DP=4,01) e 1,83(DP=0,93), respectivamente. Constatou-se diagnóstico de depressão entre 17,7% das gestantes com suspeita de RCF e 16,3% das gestantes sem intercorrências clínicas. Quanto ao estresse, apoio do companheiro, apoio de outras pessoas e autoestima, entre as gestantes com suspeita de RCF, foram constatados os escores médios de 18,27(DP=5,50), 55,15(DP=13,76), 53,77(DP=13,27) e 32,70(DP=4,60). Já entre as gestantes sem intercorrências clínicas, os escores médios foram 19,72(DP=5,16), 55,70(DP=11,37), 51,33(DP=13,26) e 34,22(DP=4,85), respectivamente. Na associação entre os grupos com suspeita de RCF e depressão(RCF+D) e com suspeita RCF sem depressão(RCF-D) foi verificada significância estatística entre estresse (p < 0,01) e autoestima (p < 0,01). Entre os grupos sem intercorrências e com depressão(BR+D) e sem intercorrências e sem depressão(BR-D) foi verificada significância estatística entre estresse (p=0,04) e autoestima (p < 0,01). Entre os grupos RCF+D e BR-D foi constatada significância estatística entre autoestima (p < 0,01). Entre os grupos BR+D e RCF-D foi encontrada significância estatística entre autoestima (p=0,03). Não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas quanto ao estresse entre os grupos RCF+D e BR+D, RCF-D e BR-D, e BR-D e RCF+D e quanto à autoestima entre os grupos RCF+D e BR+D, e RCF-D e BR-D. Nenhum dos grupos estudados apresentou diferença estatística quanto aos escores de apoio do companheiro e de outras pessoas. Conclusão: Neste estudo, a presença de depressão durante a gestação mostrou-se associada à maior escore de estresse e menor escore de autoestima, tanto entre gestantes com suspeita de RCF como entre aquelas sem intercorrências clínicas / Evaluation of depression, stress, social support and self-esteem in pregnant woman with suspected fetal growth restriction [Dissertation]. São Paulo: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; 2017. Introduction: Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) is the condition in which fetal weight is below the 10th percentile for gestational age. This condition characterizes a high-risk pregnancy and is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. In addition to biological fetal, maternal and placental factors, the FGR is influenced by psychosocial factors such as depression and stress. This study aims to compare pregnant woman with suspected FGR and pregnant woman without clinical intercurrences in relation to depression, stress, social support and self-esteem. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 79 pregnant women with suspected FGR, met at the Low Fetal Weight Clinic of the PRIME-MD was used to evaluate depression and PPP for stress assessment, social support and self-esteem. Quantitative analysis was performed using the t-test or non-parametric Mann-Whitney test and for comparison of more than two groups was considered the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. The Dunn test, with corrected p values, was used for 2 on 2 comparisons. The Pearson\'s chi-square tests or Fisher\'s exact tests were used for qualitative data analysis. Results: In the present study, pregnant women with a suspicion of FGR had a mean age of 25.89 (SD=6.11), mean gestational age of 33.33 weeks (SD=3.36 weeks) and average gestation numbers of 1.92 (SD=1.22). The pregnant woman without clinical intercurrences presented averages 27,27 (SD=5.90), 32.55 (SD=4.01) and 1.83 (SD=0.93), respectively. A diagnosis of depression was found among 17.7% of pregnant women with suspected FGR and 16.3% of pregnant women without clinical intercurrences. As for stress, peer support, support from other people and self-esteem was found among pregnant women with suspected FGR mean scores of 18.27 (SD=5.50), 55.15 (SD=13.76), 53.77 (SD=13.27) and 32.70 (SD=4.60). Among the pregnant women without clinical intercurrences, the mean scores were 19.72 (SD=5.16), 55.70 (SD=11.37), 51.33 (SD = 13.26) and 34.22 (SD = 4.85), respectively. The statistical significance of stress (p < 0.01) and self-esteem (p < 0.01) were found in the association between the groups with suspected FGR and depression (RCF+D) and with suspected FGR without depression (RCF-D). Among the groups without intercurrences and with depression (BR+D) and without intercurrences and without depression (BR-D), statistical significance was observed between stress (p=0.04) and self-esteem (p < 0.01). Among the RCF+D and BR-D groups, statistical significance was found between self-esteem (p < 0.01). Among the BR + D and RCF-D groups, statistical significance was found between self-esteem (p=0.03). Statistical differences were not found for stress among the RCF+D and BR+D, RCF-D and BR-D, and BR-D and RCF+D groups, and for self-esteem between the RCF+D and BR+D groups, And RCF-D and BR-D. None of the groups studied presented statistical difference regarding the support scores of the companion and the support of other people. Conclusions: In this study, the presence of depression during pregnancy was associated with a higher stress score and lower self-esteem score both among pregnant women with FGR suspicion and among pregnant women without clinical intercurrences

Researchers have conducted many studies to examine the academic, social and general self-concept of pupils of differing ages and in varied settings. Yet, not very much is known about the varied facets of self-concept of bilingual pupils and the monolingual who have specific literacy difficulties (SpLD). Furthermore, the influence of learning a second language on the self-concept or the motivation to learn a second language in the Arabic- English pupils in the Middle Eastern region has also not been addressed by any researchers. So, the main focus of this study was to examine the self-concept of bilingual (Arabic-English) and monolingual pupils who have specific literacy difficulties. The motivation to learn a foreign language and its impact on the pupils' English and general self-concept was also studied. This study used a mixed methodology design using a systematic survey followed by purposive case studies. Established measures were used to examine each facet of the self-concept moving from the literacy in both English and Arabic (reading, writing and spelling) to the maths self-concept and to a more general self-concept, academic self-concept and school self-concept. Furthermore, this study also examined the non-academic self-concept such as athletic self-concept and social self-concept among a group of bilingual (Arabic-English) and monolingual (Arabic) who have SpLD. The study was conducted in Oman in a bilingual private schools and monolingual state schools which included 99 pupils. A Foreign Language Learning Orientation Scale/ intrinsic – extrinsic motivation was also designed to measure the motivation to learning English as a second language. In phase two, this study examined the consistency between the pupils’ and Arabic and English teachers’ interview reports and the pupil's questionnaire for 6 bilingual pupils who had SpLD. This study compared 4 groups (monolingual SpLD, bilingual SpLD, monolingual typical literacy level and bilingual typical literacy level). The quantitative results showed differences between the four groups in terms of the self-concept. There were no differences in terms of the self-concept between the monolingual SpLD and bilingual SpLD in any facets of the self-concept. However, there were a significantly lower Arabic handwriting self concept, Arabic spelling self-concept and general school self-concept for monolingual SpLD pupils in comparison to their peers who had typical literacy level. Also bilingual pupils with SpLD showed significantly lower English reading self-concept, English spelling self-concept, and the general school self-concept than for the bilingual typical literacy pupils. The last comparison showed that there were significantly lower Arabic reading, Arabic handwriting, and Arabic spelling self-concept for the monolingual typical literacy levels in comparison to their bilingual typical literacy peers. In terms of intrinsic extrinsic motivation there were no significant differences shown between the SpLD bilingual and the bilingual typical literacy levels groups. According to the case study analysis there was a general inconsistency between the pupils’ interview and their questionnaire reports for their general, English and Arabic self-concept and the intrinsic and the extrinsic motivation for learning a foreign language. In many cases the pupils were negative about their literacy self-concept according to the questionnaire, but they perceived themselves more positively in the interview. In general, there was a tendency for both quantitative and qualitative results to indicate positive social self-concept for the bilingual and monolingual pupils who had SpLD and the 6 case studies. It was concluded that as research into self-concept of the bilingual (Arabic- English) is not well developed, more research is need in this area, especially in the Middle East using the same methods from this study. It is concluded that it is important for language assessors to consider assessing the literacy difficulties in two languages when the pupils are bilingual.

Nesta Tese replicamos por constructo uma pesquisa européia que encontrou para conhecedores da astrologia médias mais altas em Extroversão entre sujeitos dos signos de Fogo e Ar comparados com sujeitos de Terra e Água, formando um “padrão dente-de-serra" previsto em função da alternância zodiacal entre signos de Elementos Quentes (Fogo e Ar) e Frios (Terra e Água), como sendo efeito da “auto-atribuição", já que a mesma variação não se deu para sujeitos não conhecedores. Também se encontrou, no entanto, maior “suscetibilidade à informação vinda de fora sobre sua personalidade" para os Quentes, o que não invalidou totalmente a teoria astrológica. Encontrou-se lá, além disso, maior média geral em Extroversão para os conhecedores. Usamos o 16 PF – Questionário dos 16 Fatores de Personalidade – com 589 sujeitos brasileiros de ambos os sexos, diferenciando entre conhecedores (208) e não conhecedores (381) da astrologia, sendo o conhecimento constituído da crença na astrologia mais a descrição de três características do signo solar. Para estimular a influência da auto-atribuição, foi dada a parte do grupo (266) a sugestão “Esta é uma pesquisa sobre astrologia", enquanto para a outra parte (323) foi dito que seria “uma pesquisa sobre personalidade". Investigamos variações em função dos Elementos astrológicos, através da Análise de Variância (ANOVA), em todos os fatores do 16 PF, mais Extroversão, Ansiedade e Controle. Não aparecem diferenças significativas para a Extroversão isoladamente, mesmo entre os conhecedores. Os conhecedores se descreveram como tendo significativamente maior Extroversão e maior Ansiedade, comparados aos não conhecedores, sugerindo um locus de controle externo. Confirmou-se no grupo dos conhecedores que a maior média geral em Extroversão é devida aos sujeitos do subgrupo dos signos Quentes, e a maior média em Ansiedade é devida aos sujeitos do subgrupo dos signos Frios, indicando a confirmação da maior suscetibilidade à informação vinda de fora sobre suas personalidades para os Quentes. Investigamos, além disso, se a auto-atribuição de origem astrológica afeta não apenas o autoconceito, mas as habilidades da pessoa, através dos 13 itens da Inteligência do 16 PF. Para o grupo de não conhecedores a Ansiedade foi maior para os Quentes do que para os Frios, segundo seus componentes Estabilidade Emocional e Tensão. Este resultado apontou que a Ansiedade, como fator não intelectivo, induziu uma variação de base astrológica na Inteligência. Sugere-se um fator de suscetibilidade diferenciada ao mundo externo segundo a escala Frio-Quente. São analisadas as possíveis explicações teóricas e implicações desses achados. / In this thesis we constructively replicate an european research that found for astrology knowledgeable subjects higher means on Extraversion among subjects of Fire and Air signs, compared with subjects of Earth and Water, compound a “saw-tooth pattern" due the zodiacal alternation between signs of Hot (Fire and Air) and Cold (Earth and Water) Elements, as an effect of the “self-attribution", since the same variation was not found for no knowledgeable subjets. Also was found, however, a difference on “susceptibility to information about their personality from outside" for the Hots, what didn’t invalidate totally the astrological theory. That research found, furthermore, higher mean in Extraversion for that knowledgeable subjects. We applied the 16PF Test – Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire – to 589 brazilian subjects of both sexes, classifying between knowledgeable (208) and no knowledgeable (381) of astrology, being this knowledge constituted by the believe in astrology and by the naming of three characteristics that go with the sunsign. In order to trigger the self-attribution effect, part of the group (266) was given the cue “This is a research into astrology", while to the other part was given “research into personality". We investigate variations by dependence on the astrological Elements, by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), on all the 16 PF factors, more Extraversion, Anxiety and Control. Didn´t appear significant differences to the Extraversion alone, yet among the knowledgeable. The knowledgeable subjects describe theirselves significantly as having higher Extraversion and Anxiety, suggesting an external locus of control, by comparision with the no knowledgeable. It was confirmed that for the knowledgeable the higher general mean in Extraversion is due to the subjects pertaining to the subgroup of the Hot signs, and the higher general mean in Anxiety is due to the subjects pertaining to the subgroup of the Cold signs, indicating a confirmation of the higher susceptibility to information about their personality from outside among the Hots. We investigate, furthermore, if the astrological self-attribution affects not only the self-concept, but also the actual performance, with the 13 items of Intelligence in the 16PF. For the no knowledgeable group the Anxiety was higher for the Hots than to the Colds due to their components Emotional Estability and Tension. This finding pointed to that Anxiety, as a non-intellective factor, induced the astrologically based variation for Intelligence. It is suggested, as much to knowledgeable as to no knowledgeable subjects, a factor of differenciated susceptibility to the outer world due the Cold-Hot scale. Are analysed the possible theoretical explanations and implications of these findings.

Introdução: A restrição de crescimento fetal (RCF) é a condição na qual o peso fetal encontra-se abaixo do percentil 10 para a idade gestacional. Essa condição caracteriza a gestação como de alto risco e constitui causa de morbidade e mortalidade perinatal. Além de fatores biológicos fetais, maternos e placentários, a RCF é influenciada por fatores psicossociais como depressão e estresse. Esse estudo tem como objetivo comparar gestantes com suspeita de RCF e gestantes sem intercorrências clínicas em relação à depressão, estresse, apoio social e autoestima. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com 79 gestantes com suspeita de RCF, atendidas no Ambulatório de Baixo Peso Fetal da Clínica Obstétrica do HC-FMUSP e 92 gestantes do Pré-Natal de baixo risco, com fetos de crescimento normal. O PRIME-MD foi utilizado para avaliar depressão e a PPP para avaliação de estresse, apoio social e autoestima. Análise quantitativa foi realizada por meio do teste t ou teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney e para comparação de mais de dois grupos foi considerado o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. O teste de Dunn com correção dos valores p foi utilizado para comparações 2 a 2. Os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson ou teste exato de Fisher foram utilizados para análise das variáveis qualitativas. Resultados: Neste estudo, as gestantes com suspeita de RCF apresentaram média de idade de 25,89(DP=6,11), média de idade gestacional de 33,33(DP=3,36) e média de números de gestação de 1,92(DP=1,22). As gestantes sem intercorrências clínicas apresentaram médias 27,27(DP=5,90), 32,55(DP=4,01) e 1,83(DP=0,93), respectivamente. Constatou-se diagnóstico de depressão entre 17,7% das gestantes com suspeita de RCF e 16,3% das gestantes sem intercorrências clínicas. Quanto ao estresse, apoio do companheiro, apoio de outras pessoas e autoestima, entre as gestantes com suspeita de RCF, foram constatados os escores médios de 18,27(DP=5,50), 55,15(DP=13,76), 53,77(DP=13,27) e 32,70(DP=4,60). Já entre as gestantes sem intercorrências clínicas, os escores médios foram 19,72(DP=5,16), 55,70(DP=11,37), 51,33(DP=13,26) e 34,22(DP=4,85), respectivamente. Na associação entre os grupos com suspeita de RCF e depressão(RCF+D) e com suspeita RCF sem depressão(RCF-D) foi verificada significância estatística entre estresse (p < 0,01) e autoestima (p < 0,01). Entre os grupos sem intercorrências e com depressão(BR+D) e sem intercorrências e sem depressão(BR-D) foi verificada significância estatística entre estresse (p=0,04) e autoestima (p < 0,01). Entre os grupos RCF+D e BR-D foi constatada significância estatística entre autoestima (p < 0,01). Entre os grupos BR+D e RCF-D foi encontrada significância estatística entre autoestima (p=0,03). Não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas quanto ao estresse entre os grupos RCF+D e BR+D, RCF-D e BR-D, e BR-D e RCF+D e quanto à autoestima entre os grupos RCF+D e BR+D, e RCF-D e BR-D. Nenhum dos grupos estudados apresentou diferença estatística quanto aos escores de apoio do companheiro e de outras pessoas. Conclusão: Neste estudo, a presença de depressão durante a gestação mostrou-se associada à maior escore de estresse e menor escore de autoestima, tanto entre gestantes com suspeita de RCF como entre aquelas sem intercorrências clínicas / Evaluation of depression, stress, social support and self-esteem in pregnant woman with suspected fetal growth restriction [Dissertation]. São Paulo: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; 2017. Introduction: Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) is the condition in which fetal weight is below the 10th percentile for gestational age. This condition characterizes a high-risk pregnancy and is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. In addition to biological fetal, maternal and placental factors, the FGR is influenced by psychosocial factors such as depression and stress. This study aims to compare pregnant woman with suspected FGR and pregnant woman without clinical intercurrences in relation to depression, stress, social support and self-esteem. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 79 pregnant women with suspected FGR, met at the Low Fetal Weight Clinic of the PRIME-MD was used to evaluate depression and PPP for stress assessment, social support and self-esteem. Quantitative analysis was performed using the t-test or non-parametric Mann-Whitney test and for comparison of more than two groups was considered the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. The Dunn test, with corrected p values, was used for 2 on 2 comparisons. The Pearson\'s chi-square tests or Fisher\'s exact tests were used for qualitative data analysis. Results: In the present study, pregnant women with a suspicion of FGR had a mean age of 25.89 (SD=6.11), mean gestational age of 33.33 weeks (SD=3.36 weeks) and average gestation numbers of 1.92 (SD=1.22). The pregnant woman without clinical intercurrences presented averages 27,27 (SD=5.90), 32.55 (SD=4.01) and 1.83 (SD=0.93), respectively. A diagnosis of depression was found among 17.7% of pregnant women with suspected FGR and 16.3% of pregnant women without clinical intercurrences. As for stress, peer support, support from other people and self-esteem was found among pregnant women with suspected FGR mean scores of 18.27 (SD=5.50), 55.15 (SD=13.76), 53.77 (SD=13.27) and 32.70 (SD=4.60). Among the pregnant women without clinical intercurrences, the mean scores were 19.72 (SD=5.16), 55.70 (SD=11.37), 51.33 (SD = 13.26) and 34.22 (SD = 4.85), respectively. The statistical significance of stress (p < 0.01) and self-esteem (p < 0.01) were found in the association between the groups with suspected FGR and depression (RCF+D) and with suspected FGR without depression (RCF-D). Among the groups without intercurrences and with depression (BR+D) and without intercurrences and without depression (BR-D), statistical significance was observed between stress (p=0.04) and self-esteem (p < 0.01). Among the RCF+D and BR-D groups, statistical significance was found between self-esteem (p < 0.01). Among the BR + D and RCF-D groups, statistical significance was found between self-esteem (p=0.03). Statistical differences were not found for stress among the RCF+D and BR+D, RCF-D and BR-D, and BR-D and RCF+D groups, and for self-esteem between the RCF+D and BR+D groups, And RCF-D and BR-D. None of the groups studied presented statistical difference regarding the support scores of the companion and the support of other people. Conclusions: In this study, the presence of depression during pregnancy was associated with a higher stress score and lower self-esteem score both among pregnant women with FGR suspicion and among pregnant women without clinical intercurrences

[Truncated abstract] Regular engagement in physical activity is proven to decrease the risk of numerous chronic diseases and to improve mental well-being. However, many children and adults around the world fail to engage in sufficient levels of activity required to produce health benefits, with reports showing physical activity levels still on the decline. Perhaps because of this increase in sedentary lifestyles, obesity has become one of the biggest public health threats in the 21st century. Furthermore, both obesity and physical inactivity are closely related to psychological health, and may play an important role in shaping self-perceptions and feeling of general well-being. '...' In the first study, physical status, physical activity levels, and social physique anxiety measures were obtained from an adolescent sample of 259 participants. Partial correlation analyses revealed that physical activity involvement was not directly linked with physical status; however, both factors were significantly associated with social physique anxiety, which suggested evidence of an indirect link between the two constructs. That is, analyses showed that poor physical status was associated with higher levels of physique anxiety, which in turn linked to low engagement in physical activity. In addition, age and gender effects emerged, revealing unique differences in the ways in which these three variables may be related. To cross-validate and further examine these relationships STUDY 2 extended the range of self-perception measures to include a multidimensional assessment of physical self-concept and a global self-esteem measure along with physique anxiety. These variables were assessed in a German adult sample (N = 229), again alongside measures of physical status and physical activity involvement. Consistent with STUDY 1, no direct link was found between physical status and levels of physical activity involvement. However, evidence of an indirect link did emerge as both variables were related to multiple dimensions of physical self-concept, thereby reinforcing and extending the findings from STUDY 1. Furthermore, age effects emerged for physical self-concept, which had not been confirmed in previous research on physical self-concept. STUDY 3 employed a longitudinal design and investigated changes in physical self-concept, global self-esteem and social physique anxiety before, during, and after participation in a 12-week weight management programme. Participants (N = 63) were assigned to one of three conditions: (1) cognitive-behavioural treatment only, (2) cognitive-behavioural treatment and exercise, and (3) non-treatment control. Statistical analyses revealed a small, but significant reduction in weight for members of both treatment groups. Relative to controls, both treatment groups also improved on a variety of physical self-concept dimensions. At the same time, however, significant group main effects suggested that a weight-loss program incorporating exercise involvement may provide physical self-concept benefits that go beyond those obtained with standard CBT regimes. Collectively, these studies add to the growing body of literature on the connections between physical activity, self-perceptions and physical status. They also highlight the importance of involvement in habitual physical activity throughout the lifespan. Findings are discussed with regards to their contribution to the extant literature, and applied implications, limitations, and future directions are considered.

本研究旨在調查並分析高中僑生在自我概念及生活適應與學業成就之相關，研究結果提供教育當局，作為高中僑生教育政策及加強僑生教材教法、課程設計及生活輔導之參考。 　　本研究依據研究目的，以文獻分析法探討自我概念及生活適應與學業成就之理論及相關研究，以問卷調查法測量高中僑生的自我概念及高中僑生生活適應困擾，並分別就自我概念及適應問題，比較不同背景變項僑生之差異，加上學期學業成績之蒐集，用以分析不同自我概念及適應狀況僑生學業成就之差異情形。 　　本研究以國立華僑實驗高級中學高中部僑生344位為對象，使用「田納西自我概念量表」（2000年版）及「高中學生生活經驗量表」為研究工具，問卷回收後篩選有效樣本316份，將所得之資料分別以下列方法處理：描述性統計、單因子單變量變異數分析、二因子單變量變異數分析、獨立樣本T檢定，F檢定，Scheffe法事後比較，Pearson積差相關法等統計方法，探討各變項間的關係。 　　綜合上述，本研究假設結論如下： 　　一、不同背景變項之高中僑生，自我概念有顯著差異： 　　　1.在「道德自我」及「家庭自我」項目有顯著差異。女生均高於男生。 　　　2.不同年級的高中僑生，在「道德自我」「學業自我」「自我認同」「自我滿意」「自我總分」等項目，高二僑生得分優於高一僑生，另外高二僑生及高三僑生在「心理自我」得分上，皆優於高一僑生。 　　　3.不同區域的高中僑生，在「生理自我」、「家庭自我」「自我認同」「自我總分」項目上，第一區域即印尼、緬甸、泰國、菲律賓等地的高中僑生，其得分優於第二區域即香港、澳門、新加坡等地的高中僑生。 　　　4.「自我行動」項目，第一區域的高中僑生及第三區域高中僑生，得分皆優於第二區域的高中僑生。 　　二、不同背景變項之高中僑生，生活適應問題有顯著差異： 　　　1.在「用錢」項目上，男生困擾大於女生。高二、高三僑生困擾都大於高一僑生。 　　　2.在「就業前途」項目上，高三僑生困擾大於高一僑生。 　　　3.男生生活適應，最感困擾的是「用錢」，其次是「就業前途」，「課業」。而在女生的適應經驗排序上，最感困擾的是「就業前途」，其次是「課業」，而「用錢」排行第三。 　　　4.高一僑生生活適應困擾首推「課業」項目，而高二高三僑生生活適應最感困擾則為「就業前途」項目。 　　三、不同背景變項之高中僑生，學業成就有顯著差異： 　　　1.在性別上：女生優於男生。 　　　2.在年級上及科目上： 　　　（1）高二僑生國文科成績優於高一、高三僑生。 　　　（2）高一僑生英文科成績優於高二僑生。 　　　（3）高一、高三僑生數學成績皆優於高二僑生。 　　四、年級、地區交互作用後，高中僑生自我概念與生活適應有顯著差異： 　　　1.在「生理自我」項目，第二區域高二僑生得分優於高一僑生。第一區域高一僑生得分優於第二區域高一僑生。 　　　2.在「學業自我」項目，第一區域高二僑生得分優於高一僑生。第一、二區域的高二僑生得分優於第三區域的高二僑生。 　　　3.在「人際交往」項目，第一區域的高二僑生得分優於第二區域的高二僑生。 　　五、高中僑生自我概念、生活適應與學業成就部分有顯著相關： 　　　1.自我總分與學業成就，學業自我與學業成就，學業成就科別之間，分別顯現正相關。 　　　2.生活適應各向度，課業項目或整體生活適應總分上與學業成就皆無顯著相關。 　　　3.自我總分高低分組在生活適應總分性別、年級間，也未顯示出顯著相關。 　　依據上述幾點結論，提出各項對僑教政策、僑生教育及未來研究者研究方向之建議： 　　一、在僑教政策上的建議 　　僑生返國之人數在不同地區有消長的情形，最明顯為港澳地區的僑生，因為，受兩岸政治情勢的影響，加上取消加分優惠，因此，返國就學的人數明顯地逐年下降。可見得政策的改變與僑生的返國行為之間存在一定的關係。因此符應需求修訂僑教政策有其必要。 　　　（一）委託國內大學培育僑教師資。 　　　（二）提供清寒僑生工讀機會。 　　　（三）建立僑生監護人公證制度。 　　　（四）設立國語文中心，編製銜接教材。 　　二、僑校編制上的建議 　　　（一）國立華僑高中 　　　（二）對其他高中僑生就讀之學校 　　三、在教學上的建議 　　四、對未來研究之建議 　　　（一）研究對象 　　　（二）研究變項 　　　（三）研究方法 　　　（四）文獻資料的蒐集 / The purpose of this research on investigation is to analyze the relationship with overseas Chinese student's self-concept, life-adjustment, and academic achievement. The results of research will provide an education authority as references for overseas Chinese student educational policy, instructional material teaching reinforcement, curriculum design, and living guidance. 　　According to the purpose of research, our research has applied literature analysis to discuss with theory of self-concept, life-adjustment, and academic achievement and related research. For example, a questionary method measures overseas Chinese student's self-concept and life-adjustment problem. Furthermore, from self-concept and life-adjustment, it compares students with different background variables and collections of academic achievement at school that analyze different self-concept, life-adjustment, and academic achievement situation. 　　The objects of our research were 344 students from National Overseas Chinese Experimental High School, and research tools were “Tennessee Self-Concept Scale” (version 2000) and ”Senior High School Student's Life Experience Measurement”. After questionary feedback and filtration, there are effective 316 copies. Then, all information has dealt as the following processes to discuss with correlation among variables, such as Descriptive Statistics, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, independent sample for Matched-pair T-test, F-test, Scheffe Rule of Post Hoc Tests, Pearson’s correlation statistics method etc. 　　In summary of the mentioned statements, conclusions of our research hypotheses are as the followings: 　　1 Overseas Chinese senior high school students who have different background variables, obvious self-concept differences: 　　　a. There are obviously differences on item of ”MOR” & “FAM” variables that school girls have greater than boys. 　　　b. For the different year of senior high school overseas Chinese students on the items of ” MOR ”, “ACA”, “IDN”, “SAT”, and “TOT”, sophomore year of students have scored more than freshman year of students; furthermore, on the item of “PER”, sophomore and junior year of students have scored greater than freshman year of students. 　　　c. On the items “PHY”, “FAM”, “IDN”, and “TOT”, in the different locations overseas Chinese students of the first region (Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Philippines etc.) have scored the second region Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore) of students. 　　　d. On the item of “BHV”, students of the first and third region have scored greater than the second region. 　　2. Overseas Chinese senior high school students who have different background variables, life-adjustment problems that have dramatically differences: 　　　a. On the item of “spending”, schoolboys have disturbance greater than girls; sophomore and junior year of students have disturbance greater than freshman year of students. 　　　b. On the item of “career prospect”, junior year of students have obsession greater than freshman year of students. 　　　c. Schoolboys on the life-adjustment have harassment, for example, first item is “spending”, and the followings are “career prospect” and “school work”. In contrast to schoolgirls on the living accommodation experience in sequence are the first item of “career prospect”, the secondary item of school work” and the third item of “spending”. 　　　d. Freshman year of students on the life-adjustment is “school work”; nevertheless, sophomore and junior year of students is “career prospect”. 　　3. Overseas Chinese senior high school students who have different background variables, obvious differences on academic achievement: 　　　1. On the item of sex: schoolgirls are greater than boys. 　　　2. On the item of grade and subjects: 　　　　a. Sophomore year of student's scores on Chinese subject has greater than freshman and junior year of student. 　　　　b. Freshman year of student's scores on English subject has greater than sophomore year of student. 　　　　c. Freshman and junior year of student's on math subject has greater than sophomore year of student. 　　4. After grade and location interaction, overseas Chinese senior high school students who have remarkably differences on self-concept and life- adjustment: 　　　a. On the item of “PHY”, sophomore year of students in the second region has greater than freshman year of students; freshman year of students in the first region has greater than that of the second region. 　　　b. On the item of “ACA”, sophomore year of students in the first region has greater than freshman year of students; sophomore year of students in the first and second region has greater than that of the third region. 　　　c. On the item of “interpersonal relationships” sophomore year of students in the first region has greater than that of the second region. 　　5. Overseas Chinese senior high school students who have highly relationship with self-concept and life- adjustment, and academic achievement: 　　　a. Obviously, there are some correlations among “TOT vs. academic achievement”, “ACA vs. academic achievement” and “academic achievement”. 　　　b. Nevertheless, there are no correlations among “life-adjustment condition”, “school work subjects” or “total of general life-adjustment ” and “academic achievement”. 　　　c. There are no obviously differences on TOT score of life-adjustment between sex and grade. 　　According to the previous suggestions, here are some suggestions on overseas educational policy, student education, and future research approach: 　　I. Suggestions on overseas Chinese educational policy 　　The numbers of overseas Chinese students in different locations have growth or decline situation, especially for students from Hong Kong and Macao. Because political situation between China and Taiwan and cancellation on premium score, the numbers of students have obviously down year after year. Hence, policy change and students returning Taiwan for studying behavior have certain relations. Therefore, it is necessary to modify a suitable overseas educational policy. 　　　(1) Authorizing domestic universities to educate qualified teachers for overseas Chinese students 　　　(2) Providing straitened overseas Chinese students who have opportunities for part-time jobs 　　　(3) Setting up overseas Chinese student's guardian notarial system 　　　(4) Establishing Mandarin centers and compiling connected teaching materials 　　II. Suggestions on overseas school system 　　　(1) National Overseas Chinese Experimental High School 　　　(2) For other overseas Chinese students who study at senior high school 　　III. Instructional suggestion 　　IV. Suggestions for future research 　　　(1) Research object 　　　(2) Research variable 　　　(3) Research approach 　　　(4) Literature collection