Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-07T12:32:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 homossexuais_sao.pdf: 3584500 bytes, checksum: 55fb2a565eeaf1c11ab77b05090becbd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T12:32:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 homossexuais_sao.pdf: 3584500 bytes, checksum: 55fb2a565eeaf1c11ab77b05090becbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Nenhuma / A partir da análise dos conteúdos de livros de medicina, psicologia e educação publicados no Brasil, entre os anos 1920 e 1970, realiza-se a argumentação de que um conjunto de ideias sobre a homossexualidade foram configuradas e constituíram-se em saberes médicos pedagogicamente articulados, visando gerir os sujeitos categorizados como homossexuais, os quais denominei de pedagogia dos manuais médicos. A tese defendida é também que essa pedagogia influencia ainda hoje o pensamento de quem escreve sobre a homossexualidade. Entretanto, foi possível, perceber nessa análise que um movimento contrário é exercido por outros/as escritores/as, visto que nos acervos das bibliotecas consultadas há obras que aprensentam conteúdos que tentam desconstruir as ideias sobre o/a homossexual veiculadas pela pedagogia dos manuais médicos. A construção da tese de que essas produções ensinam como conduzir sujeitos qualificados de homossexuais, ditando formas de tratar, curar e posicioná-los/as mediante a lógica heterossexual de viver a sexualidade, foi baseada em um conjunto de pressupostos médicos inscritos em 43 livros tendo como perspectiva de análise a teoria Queer. Foram utilizados os fundamentos da análise documental. O material de pesquisa foi categorizado e dividido em dois corpora: corpus 1 - livros de medicina, psicologia e educação publicados entre os anos de 1928 a 1978 (catalogados a partir de quatro bibliotecas: três em Porto Alegre/RS e uma em São Luís/MA) - e corpus 2 - livros de sexualidade e educação sexual (catalogados a partir de quatro bibliotecas de escolas públicas de ensino médio em São Luís/MA). As ideias e representações sobre a homossexualidade veiculadas nessas produções vão do biológico-higienista, passando por ideias psicologizantes até discursos que focalizam o tema a partir de uma visão qualificada como desconstrucionista, visto que imprimem uma discussão pautada na contextualização e problematização do tema ao apresentarem o/a homossexual como uma pessoa que deve ser respeitada, valorizada e percebida como cidadã/o. A pedagogia dos manuais médicos está inserida nas práticas de educação sexual e em todos os espaços sociais e suas ideias podem ser percebidas em livros que abordam a temática da sexualidade. Ela ainda apresenta traços das proposições sobre o homossexual veiculadas no século XX, mas ganha outros contornos e age de acordo com as necessidades da cultura. As resistências a essa forma de ver a sexualidade homossexual também estão em constante movimento e uma possibilidade de reagir às operações dessa pedagogia cultural é problematizá-la, trabalhando-se com metodologias que introduzam discursos desconstrucionistas e presentificadores sobre os sujeitos que vivem a experiência homossexual. / From the analysis of the contents of medical, psychology and education books published in Brazil, from 1920 to1970, the argument is made that a set of ideas about homosexuality have been set and constituted in medical knowledge articulated pedagogically, in order to manage the specimen categorized as homosexual, which I termed the pedagogy of medical textbooks. This study also argued that this pedagogy still influences the thinking of those who write about homosexuality. However, it was possible to notice in this analysis that a backlash is exercised by other writers, as found in the collections of the libraries there are works that have content that attempt to deconstruct ideas about homosexual transmitted by the medical textbooks. The construction of the thesis that these productions teach how lead with individuals qualified as homosexuals, dictating ways to treat, cure, and position them in straight way through the logic of living sexuality, was based on a set of assumptions registered in 43 medical books having as a perspective The queer theory analysis. It were used the fundamentals of documentary analysis. The research material was categorized and divided into two corpus: corpus 1 - medicine, psychology and education books published from 1928 to 1978 (cataloged from four libraries: three in Porto Alegre / RS and one in San Luis / MA) - and corpus 2 - books about sexuality and sex education (categorized from four school libraries in public high schools in San Luis / MA). The ideas and representations of homosexuality made in these productions go to biological - hygienist, go through psychological ideas to the speeches that focus on the theme from a view qualified as a deconstructionist one, because print a guided discussion based on questioning in the context of the subject by presenting the homosexual as a person who should be respected, valued and perceived as a citizen. The pedagogy of medical textbooks is included in the practice of sex education and all social spaces and their ideas can be seen in books that address the topic of sexuality. This pedagogy still has traces of propositions about the homosexual propagated in the twentieth century, but get other contours and acts according to the needs of the crop. The resistance to this way of seeing homosexual sexuality are also in constant motion and an ability to react to the operations of cultural pedagogy is to confront it, working with methodologies that introduce deconstructionist discourse and made present on the individuals who live homosexual experience.

Substantial bodies of literature have examined public opinion about sexual education, the politicization of sexual education in public schools, and connections between population characteristics and social policies. At present, however, little is known about whether and how population characteristics predict the likelihood of specific sexual education policies. We analyze data at the state level in the USA to determine if and how specific religious aspects of states’ populations influence the likelihood of specific sexual education policies. Results indicate that high levels of theism significantly increase the likelihood of sexual education policies stressing abstinence, while higher levels of individuals not actively participating in organized religion correlate with a significantly higher likelihood of having sexual education policy that mandates the coverage of contraception. We discuss these findings in a framework of symbolic politics and moral communities, focusing on the intersections of religion, politics, and sexuality.

Bakgrund: Sexuella och reproduktiva rättigheter baseras på mänskliga rättigheter. En central insats för att öka tillgången till den sexuella och reproduktiva hälsan är en allsidig och omfattande sexualundervisning. Skolan och ungdomsmottagningar anses vara viktiga arenor för sexualundervisning. Många unga i Sverige anser dock att de inte har tillräckligt med kunskaper för att ta hand om sin sexuella hälsa. Barnmorskan har ett ansvar för utbildning av både kvinnor och samhället och utbildningen omfattar sexuell och reproduktiv hälsa. Syfte: Syftet var att sammanställa aktuell forskning kring ungas och lärares erfarenheter av sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen för att därigenom bidra till en breddad kunskapsbas för barnmorskan i det hälsofrämjande och sjukdomsförebyggande arbetet. Metod: Kvalitativ metasyntes med metaetnografi som analysmetod. Totalt kvalitetsgranskades och sammanställdes 16 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: De unga i studien hade tydliga önskemål kring undervisningens innehåll, vilka kvalitéer personen som undervisade skulle ha och miljön de undervisades i. De önskade en bred och nyanserad kunskap om sex och samlevnad, relationer, känslor, sociala och kulturella normer. Lärarna i studien fokuserade i störst utsträckning på hur läroplaner, ledarstöd och politik påverkade undervisningen och i mindre utsträckning undervisningens innehåll. Slutsats: Resultatet av denna metasyntes visar att det finns olikheter i erfarenheter hos både unga och lärare när det gäller sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen. Barnmorskans ansvarsområde, kunskapsbas och uppdaterad förståelse kring sex och samlevnad kan med fördel användas för att hjälpa och stödja i ämnet 2 och därmed bli en del av skolans sex- och samlevnadsundervisning. Klinisk tillämpbarhet: Denna metasyntes kan vara ett underlag för att skapa ett utökat samarbete mellan skolor och barnmorskor för att förbättra sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen och ungas kontroll över egen sexuell hälsa. Denna metasyntes kan även ge stöd och utveckla utbildningen inom pedagogik för barnmorskor, skolsköterskor och distriktsköterskor då alla dessa yrkeskategorier träffar unga. Lärarutbildningens fokus på sex- och samlevnadsundervisning kan genom metasyntesen utvecklas. Slutligen kan beslutsfattare inom skolan få insikt i glappet mellan ungas och vuxnas perspektiv och aktualisera sex- och samlevnadsundervisning och sexuell hälsa inom skolan. / Background: Sexual and reproductive health rights are based on human rights. A major input to rise availability to sexual and reproductive health is a comprehensive and extensive sexual education. Many young people in Sweden consider though that they lack the necessary knowledge to care about their own sexual health. The midwife has a responsibility for the education of both women and society, and education includes sexual and reproductive health. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compile the current research on the experience of both young people and the teaching staff in the area of sex and sex education to create a knowledge base for the midwife in the health promotion and disease prevention work. Methods: The method of analysis used is a qualitative metasynthesis with a metaethnographic approach. In total 16 scientific articles were juxtaposed and examined. Results: The young people in this study expressed clear wishes not only as to the contents of their studies, but also the personality of the teaching staff and the environment where they are taught. They desired a broad and more balanced knowledge about sexuality and cohabitation, relations, emotions, social and cultural norms. The teaching staff in the study focused mostly on how the school curriculum, organizations and politics affected teaching and less on the contents. Conclusion: The result of this metasynthesis shows that there are differences in the required experience among both young people and teachers when it comes to sexuality and sex education. The midwife’s area of responsibility, knowledge and the revised understanding of sexuality and sex education can with advantage be used to better off the teaching of sex 3 education. Clinical applicability: This metasynthesis can become a basis to create an expanded cooperation between schools and midwives in order to first ameliorate sex education and second to boost the young people’s control of their own sexual health. This metasynthesis can also provide support and develop education in pedagogy for midwives, school nurses and district nurses as all these occupational categories meet young people. Teacher education's focus on sex and cohabitation education can be developed through this metasynthesis. Finally, decision makers within the schoolsystem can gain insight into the gap between young people's and adults' perspectives and actualize sex and cohabitation and sexual health within the schools.

<p>Sex och samlevnad är ett undervisningsområde som varit obligatoriskt i svensk skolan sedan 1955. Trots detta har få skolor satt upp övergripande mål för arbetsområdet, och undervisningens innehåll kan skilja stort mellan klassrum till klassrum, samt mellan skola till skola. Ett antal studier har dessutom visat att många av de läromedel i ämnet biologi som finns på marknaden ensidigt utgår från att den heterosexuella samlevnaden är den rätta, samt ger uttryck för ett könsåtskiljande perspektiv där mannen och kvinnan ges olika egenskaper, roller och handlingsutrymme. Dessa till synes objektiva biologiska beskrivningar utesluter därmed vissa elever från deras syn på kärlek, kön, lust, sexualitet och identitet. På basis av detta har jag utifrån ett queerperspektiv analyserat läroplanen för det obligatoriska skolväsendet, kursplanen i biologi, samt ett referensmaterial från Skolverket med avseende på presentationen av kön och sexualitet. Syftet är att undersöka vilka konsekvenser en</p><p>biologisk inramning av frågor om kön och sexualitet ger åt grundskolans sex- och samlevnadsundervisning, samt vidare att undersöka om denna inramning är förenlig med de styrdokument som reglerar grundskolan. Metod för studien är diskursanalys. Slutsatsen är att biologiämnet inte räcker till för att ensamt uppfylla de</p><p>ambitioner och mål som uttrycks i läroplanen angående till exempel könsroller, samt att sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen riskerar att bli mycket ensidig om den förläggs enbart till biologiämnet.</p>

This paper describes what some 9th grade students think of their sex education in school, especially when it comes to gender, sexual identity, norms and deviation. I have been using group interviews in two different schools, two groups per school. The result of the students' answers have been analysed on the basis of queer theory focusing on gender and sexual identity. The result of the study shows that the students consider their sexual education to be lacking, especially when it comes to gender, sexual identity, norms and deviation. Another conclusion of the analysis is that a sex education grounded in queer theory would be more inclusive.

Sex och samlevnad är ett undervisningsområde som varit obligatoriskt i svensk skolan sedan 1955. Trots detta har få skolor satt upp övergripande mål för arbetsområdet, och undervisningens innehåll kan skilja stort mellan klassrum till klassrum, samt mellan skola till skola. Ett antal studier har dessutom visat att många av de läromedel i ämnet biologi som finns på marknaden ensidigt utgår från att den heterosexuella samlevnaden är den rätta, samt ger uttryck för ett könsåtskiljande perspektiv där mannen och kvinnan ges olika egenskaper, roller och handlingsutrymme. Dessa till synes objektiva biologiska beskrivningar utesluter därmed vissa elever från deras syn på kärlek, kön, lust, sexualitet och identitet. På basis av detta har jag utifrån ett queerperspektiv analyserat läroplanen för det obligatoriska skolväsendet, kursplanen i biologi, samt ett referensmaterial från Skolverket med avseende på presentationen av kön och sexualitet. Syftet är att undersöka vilka konsekvenser en biologisk inramning av frågor om kön och sexualitet ger åt grundskolans sex- och samlevnadsundervisning, samt vidare att undersöka om denna inramning är förenlig med de styrdokument som reglerar grundskolan. Metod för studien är diskursanalys. Slutsatsen är att biologiämnet inte räcker till för att ensamt uppfylla de ambitioner och mål som uttrycks i läroplanen angående till exempel könsroller, samt att sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen riskerar att bli mycket ensidig om den förläggs enbart till biologiämnet.

Denna studie undersöker hur sexualupplysning och sexualundervisning i TV producerar, reproducerar och utmanar föreställningar om sexualitet och genus. Det empiriska materialet består av tre programserier från Utbildningsradion samt två säsonger av Fråga Olle i Kanal 5. Programmen producerades och sändes mellan 1998 och 2004. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna utgörs av genus- och queerteori, där genus och sexualitet betraktas som producerade genom diskurs. Analysen visar hur programmen använder sig av två olika men sammanlänkade perspektiv. Det första är ett bejakande perspektiv där sexualitet presenteras på ett positivt sätt. Det andra är ett riskperspektiv, där faror och negativa aspekter av sexualiteten framhålls. Analysen visar vidare hur programmen bidrar till en rangordning av olika sexuella identiteter och praktiker, där somliga framstår som vanliga, naturliga och önskvärda, samtidigt som andra görs till annorlunda, onaturliga eller äckliga. Heterosexualitet och det heterosexuella vaginala samlaget innehar en normerande position genom att de är ständiga föremål för diskussion, men utan att namnges. Istället är det annorlunda eller oönskade sexuella identiteter och praktiker som benämns explicit, t. ex. problematiseras penetrerande analsex. Till skillnad från heterosexualitet namnges homosexualitet och görs till föremål för specifika program och programpunkter. / This dissertation examines the ways in which Swedish formal and informal sex education materials produce, reproduce and challenge notions of sexuality and gender. The main empirical material consists of four different series of television programmes about sexuality and relationships produced and aired between 1998 and 2004. The programmes make use of an “edutainment” approach, trying to both educate and entertain. The theoretical approach is derived from gender and queer theory by which gender and sexuality is regarded as construed through discourse. Another theoretical outline is that sexuality is subjected to stratification, in which sexual identities and practises are placed in a hierarchical order, placing some as normal and others as deviant. The analysis discloses that the programmes make use of two different but intertwined perspectives. The first is an affirmative discourse in which sex is construed as a positive phenomenon. The second is sex as a risk, emphasising what can be perceived as the destructive aspects of sexuality. The programmes takes heterosexuality for granted and therefore reinforces a heteronormative order. In contrast to heterosexuality, homosexuality is named and made into a topic for specific programmes and program items. The normative sexual practise is the heterosexual vaginal intercourse, a practise which is frequently discussed but hardly ever mentioned by name. Rather, it is unwanted or questioned sexual practises that are mentioned explicitly, among others penetrative anal sex.

The aim of this study was to investigate how staff members at residential homes experience encountering sexuality among the youths. The study was conducted by using qualitative interviews with four staff members at four different residential homes. The interviews have been analyzed by using content analysis and have been looked at through a perspective of experience, as described by Richard Stevens, and by applying developmental psychology. The results show that, although sexuality is experienced as being distinctly present and being a topic of major concern, the staff members have given sex-education as a means by which to raise their own competence little or no thought. One way to interpret this is that sexuality and sex-education haven’t been given a sufficient space in the work with the youths. Several staff members do experience the need of skills development in order to be able to function in the role as significant others when it comes to sexuality among the youths, and express that they would like to receive training in doing so. To a certain degree they experience situations in which they are not entirely certain how to act and which they are not sure how to handle. The result is somewhat in line with what previous research has pointed at, but does not include staff members having severe problems talking about sexuality with the youths. All participants express that they have minor or no problems with talking about sexuality and with encountering sexuality-related aspects in relation to the youths.

Sexually Explicit Internet Movies (SEIM) have emerged as a frequently accessed sexual resource by youth; however, SEIM’s potential influences on youth’s sexual health remains an understudied area. This study aimed to develop crucial insight into what youth perceive to be SEIM consumption’s sexual health influences. Employing an exploratory, constructivist grounded-theory approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Three main findings emerged from the data analysis: 1) Youth experienced SEIM consumption as having interconnected negative and positive sexual health influences; 2) SEIM were utilized by youth as a means to explore both their individual sexual self and the subject of sexuality; 3) Youth perceived SEIM consumption differently in the contexts of individual sexual health versus sexual health promotion. Youth’s perceptions suggest that it would be beneficial to enact more holistic, sex-positive approaches to sexual health promotion, and support the utility of creating alternative, lived experience-based discourses about youth sexual health.

With the current scourge of HIV and AIDS among the youth in Sub-Saharan Africa, sexuality education has been hailed as the vaccine against new infections. This places teachers at the forefront of the pandemic as facilitators of knowledge. This study explores women teachers’ experiences of teaching sexuality education in rural schools in the age of HIV and AIDS. As a participant researcher, I have worked through photo-voice, drawings, memory work, and focus group discussions with eight Basotho women teachers, and explored how womanhood and teacher-hood shape and reshape each other in becoming a sexuality education woman teacher. I highlight the gender dynamics characteristic of rural communities and how they play out in the construction of sexuality discourses in relation to women teachers, and how such constructions create im/possibilities for women teachers’ facilitation of sexuality education. An eclectic theoretical approach, with an emphasis on feminist theories, informed the study. A qualitative research design employing a phenomenological narrative approach has been used. The findings show women teachers experiencing the teaching of sexuality education as a challenge. Their experiences are reflected as shaping and being shaped by their understandings regarding sexuality, and their positioning as women and teachers within rural communities. Challenges that create impossibilities for women teachers’ effective facilitation of sexuality education include the patriarchal gender order in Lesotho, cultural practices, teachers’ own sexualities and teachers’ fears of contravening the social constructions of good womanhood. I argue that Basotho women teachers are facing a challenge of negotiating the socially constructed contestations between normalised womanhood and teacher-hood and thus choose to perform the normalised womanhood at the expense of teacher-hood. The womanhood they perform shapes their teacher identity such that woman teacher-hood in sexuality education becomes ineffective. This study makes unique contributions to the field of sexuality education in particular and feminist scholarship in general. The methodological contribution lies in the use of visual methods to illuminate women teachers’ positioning in relation to sexuality education. While previous studies in sexuality education have been on pedagogy, this study presents a body of knowledge based on a gendered analysis of women teachers’ embodied experiences of teaching sexuality education and the meanings they make of their experiences. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.