Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando de Almeida.pdf: 641891 bytes, checksum: 0a9fca13ced0a8239a6b733959c203e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28 / This dissertation deals with the relationship of Christianity and culture from the perspective of Richard H. Niebuhr, John Gresham Machen, and T. M. Moore`s categorizations. It presents, in these categories of reactions to culture, the transformationist or conversionist point of view as the one to be preferred in this relationship. It identifies the reformer John Calvin as the main exponent and referential of conversionism. The key to the interpretation of the relationship of Christianity and culture is located in the doctrine of common grace. The dissertation draws attention to the heirs of Calvin`s thought, especially Abraham Kuyper, who was the main responsible for the popularization of the doctrine. It also considers the controversy involving the Christian Reformed Church due to internal disagreements around the doctrine of Common Grace. It concludes by demonstrating the theological formula that present-day Calvinists have articulated Concerning this doctrine, reasserting it as the best way to see the relationship of Christianity and culture. / Aborda o relacionamento do Cristianismo e a Cultura a partir das categorizações de Richard H. Niebuhr, John Gresham Machen e T. M. Moore. Apresenta nessas categorias de reações a cultura, o ponto de vista transformacionista ou conversionista como o preferível nessa relação. Identifica o reformador João Calvino como o principal expoente e referencial do conversionismo. Localiza na doutrina da Graça Comum a chave de interpretação da relação do cristianismo com a cultura. Verifica quais influências Calvino recebeu para desenvolver seu posicionamento a respeito da doutrina da Graça Comum. Apresenta os herdeiros do pensamento de João Calvino em especial Abraham Kuyper que foi um dos principais responsáveis pela popularização da doutrina. Disserta sobre a controvérsia envolvendo a Christian Reformed Church por causa de discordâncias em relação à doutrina da Graça Comum. Conclui demonstrando a fórmula teológica que os reformados atuais chegaram a respeito da doutrina reafirmado-a como melhor maneira de enxergar a relação do cristianismo com a cultura.

In Is Spirituality an Intelligence? Motivation, Cognition, and the concern of Psychology of Ultimate Concern, Robert Emmons develops a case for spirituality as a form of intelligence. His thesis claims that spiritual intelligence is a “set of capacities and abilities that enable people to solve problems and attain goals in their everyday lives”: “the capacity for transcendence; the ability to enter into heightened spiritual states of consciousness; the ability to invest everyday activities, events, and relationships with a sense of the sacred; the ability to utilize spiritual resources to solve problems in living; and the capacity to engage in virtuous behavior. I use spiritual intelligence and these frameworks throughout to address these common themes within the Black community beginning in the Second Great Awakening. I use these five components to illuminate the rise of the revolutionary streams of Spiritual Intelligence within unique works of two Black activists: David Walker and Maria Stewart. I then contextualize these developments in the experiences of my family and my own experiences as a Black activist. I argue for the recognition of religious thinking and illustrate the structural embodiment of this form of spiritual intelligence through multiple generations of Black Activism. I argue that Spiritual Intelligence is one way this particular community fights adversity in greater America society. In valuing religion through understanding these actions of resistance black activism is realized in the larger epistemic landscape. Particularly arguing against the secularization of resistance and activism.

Enact in Disappearance excavates the unseen through the medium of photography in order to chart a new strategy for knowing and communing with a complicated world.

Au cours des dernières décennies, on observe dans les stocks d’eaux-de-vie une minimisation des défauts mais également une raréfaction des eaux-de-vie d’exception. Le vieillissement sous bois est une étape discriminante quant à la qualité finale du produit. L’étude a pour but de mettre en relation les différentes échelles de description disponibles tant d’un point de vue expérimental que numérique pour ensuite disposer d’une boîte à outils, qualifiant un chai, qui s’enrichira au cours du temps. La clé d’entrée est le climat dans le chai. Une analyse des caractéristiques physiques du bois utilisé et de sa modification lors de la fabrication des barriques permet de mieux appréhender les échanges d’oxygène à travers les différentes zones de la barrique pendant la phase de vieillissement. Un laboratoire est mis en place afin de suivre les conditions climatiques et les propriétés thermo physiques et chimiques des barriques. Les acquis expérimentaux permettront alors de valider les outils de simulations qui seront développés en parallèle. Les outils de simulations, en particulier à l’échelle du chai, seront ensuite confrontés aux données expérimentales issues de l’instrumentation d’un chai réel. La pertinence des effets liés au comportement climatique à l’intérieur des chais sur la qualité de l’eau de vie sera évaluée grâce à l’expertise du comité de dégustation. / Because of the various steps of the process, cognacs reveal highly distinctive organoleptic properties. Nevertheless, over the past decades, the tasting committee has noticed a slight trend towards standardisation of eaux-de-vie. The reasons for this evolution are most certainly multifactorial. The Maison Hennessy wants to understand the transformations occurring during the process of elaboration of Cognac, and particularly during the aging process which is a critical stage regarding the final quality of the product. In particular, the development of construction techniques and the size of the cellars is likely to influence the quality of the “eaux-de-vie”. In this study we built a toolbox modelling a Cognac cellar and its evolution over time. The model was developed to link multiple variables both computational and based on experimental data. On the experimental side, a laboratory was built in order to control the climatic conditions and the characteristics of the barrels. The experiments highlighted that the physico-chemical behaviour is linked to the temperature and the dimensions of casks. These lab-scale observations were further validated in an industrial scale pilot setting. The qualitative validation of the climatic conditions inside the cellar on the quality of the eaux-de-vie is performed by the testing committee. On the computational side, modelling was conducted first to estimate the mass transfers at the stave scale and then to simulate the heat transfers at the barrel or cellar scales. The convective effects appeared highly influential on the thermal dynamic of the liquid and the air in the building. The experimental data enabled the validation of the modelling tools at different scales.

By means of the experimental oral double auction markets, this thesis shows that the Hayek hypothesis might not be valid when uncertainty is introduced into the markets. More precisely , our experimental results evidence that the efficiency loss increases as the degree of uncertainty increases. Furthermore, as our convergence analyses suggests, the flat sup of the efficiency and the flat inf of the P-Q norm in Experiment 1, the experiment without uncertainty, seems to reflect the market behavior characterized by rational expectations or rational learning. On the other hand, the decreasing sup of the efficiency and the increasing inf of the P-Q norm in Experiment 2, the experiment with uncertainty, seems to reflect the market behaviour characterized by bounded rationality or animal spirits. Therefore, a phase transition from rational expectations to animal spirits might be parameterized by the degree of uncertainty. These findings have important implications for the current controversy on bounded rationality in macroeconomics. They also reflect the limitation of using the method of certainty equivalence in treating uncertainty when the market is regarded as parallel distributed processors rather than a central unit processor.

<p>The aim of this study has been to examine what students within the sport of skydiving think about their education and the social spirit of the community. The purpose of the study is thereby to answer the study's aim through the following questions; how does group dynamics and social solidarity work within the skydiving community, how do the students feel about group dynamics and social solidarity within the skydiving community, and what factors makes the students feel included or respectively excluded from the spirit of the togetherness?</p><p>The theoretical part of the study focuses on group dynamics and groups overall. Further on earlier research within adventure sports and skydiving regarding group dynamics and community spirit is presented. My survey is based on 35 interviews with skydiving students.</p><p>The result shows that the community spirit within skydiving sports is described by the students as very special, unique, and strong among the members. Overall the students have a very positive picture of the social solidarity within the skydiving sports but according to some students it also appears difficult to be included as a beginner. Excluding factors can be divided into two parts, educational factors and contacts with instructors, and time when the skydiving is called off for the day when some students do not know where to go, or who to talk to. Including factors are when people offer to help, give the students support or when they are invited to social activities during the evenings. My main conclusion is that the instructors and experienced skydivers attitude towards the students are very important to create a safe environment giving the students the confidence they need to get through their education. This is the most critical factor to make them feel welcome into the sport, and that they are also included within the spirit of togetherness. This key factor decides if they will want to stay in the skydiving community.</p>

<p>This thesis focuses on the territorial dimension of democracy by studying the division of Swedish municipalities. It consists of two parts focusing on two types of changes to the division of municipalities: amalgamation and secession.</p><p>The consequences of a series of amalgamation reforms are the starting point for the first part. The question is if the new structure of the municipalities following from amalgamation, e.g. increased size, changed centre-periphery relations and an increased number of urban areas within municipalities, has had any importance for local democracy. The structural factors are looked at in the light of three aspects of democracy: municipalities as community units, their democratic legitimacy and political participation. This study shows that amalgamations can have negative effects for democracy and the conclusion is that the optimal division, from a democratic point of view, is one of small municipalities with only one dominating urban area in each municipality.</p><p>As for secession, the study shows that few citizens want their part of the municipality to secede, except for those who live in parts that have had an application for secession rejected in recent years. The most important reason for supporting secession is that it would improve democracy. The main reason for opposing secession is that it would lead to decreased efficiency. The study also shows that certain conditions may change the attitude to secession, but these conditions cannot explain why a higher proportion than average is positive to secession in municipality parts that have applied for secession in recent years.</p>

This thesis focuses on the territorial dimension of democracy by studying the division of Swedish municipalities. It consists of two parts focusing on two types of changes to the division of municipalities: amalgamation and secession. The consequences of a series of amalgamation reforms are the starting point for the first part. The question is if the new structure of the municipalities following from amalgamation, e.g. increased size, changed centre-periphery relations and an increased number of urban areas within municipalities, has had any importance for local democracy. The structural factors are looked at in the light of three aspects of democracy: municipalities as community units, their democratic legitimacy and political participation. This study shows that amalgamations can have negative effects for democracy and the conclusion is that the optimal division, from a democratic point of view, is one of small municipalities with only one dominating urban area in each municipality. As for secession, the study shows that few citizens want their part of the municipality to secede, except for those who live in parts that have had an application for secession rejected in recent years. The most important reason for supporting secession is that it would improve democracy. The main reason for opposing secession is that it would lead to decreased efficiency. The study also shows that certain conditions may change the attitude to secession, but these conditions cannot explain why a higher proportion than average is positive to secession in municipality parts that have applied for secession in recent years.

The aim of this study has been to examine what students within the sport of skydiving think about their education and the social spirit of the community. The purpose of the study is thereby to answer the study's aim through the following questions; how does group dynamics and social solidarity work within the skydiving community, how do the students feel about group dynamics and social solidarity within the skydiving community, and what factors makes the students feel included or respectively excluded from the spirit of the togetherness? The theoretical part of the study focuses on group dynamics and groups overall. Further on earlier research within adventure sports and skydiving regarding group dynamics and community spirit is presented. My survey is based on 35 interviews with skydiving students. The result shows that the community spirit within skydiving sports is described by the students as very special, unique, and strong among the members. Overall the students have a very positive picture of the social solidarity within the skydiving sports but according to some students it also appears difficult to be included as a beginner. Excluding factors can be divided into two parts, educational factors and contacts with instructors, and time when the skydiving is called off for the day when some students do not know where to go, or who to talk to. Including factors are when people offer to help, give the students support or when they are invited to social activities during the evenings. My main conclusion is that the instructors and experienced skydivers attitude towards the students are very important to create a safe environment giving the students the confidence they need to get through their education. This is the most critical factor to make them feel welcome into the sport, and that they are also included within the spirit of togetherness. This key factor decides if they will want to stay in the skydiving community.

Som blivande lärare har vi många gånger funderat på om elever kan vara inkluderande med samtidigt vara exkluderade i den gemensamma grupp en klass bildar. Inkludering har i detta arbete fått betydelsen att vara en social företeelse som innebär gemenskap, delaktighet och trygghet. Syftet med studien blev därmed att utröna vad det är som gör att elever känner sig inkluderade respektive exkluderade i gemenskapen i skolan. I den teoretiska bakgrunden presenteras tanken med en skola för alla samt vad inkludering som social företeelse innebär. Studien är baserade på en narrativ metod där tolkning av elevers berättelser om gemenskapen i skolan är en del av arbetet. Resultatet visade att gemenskapen i klassen, kamrater, lärare, aktiviteter i klassrum och på skolgården är faktorer som påverkar känslan av att vara inkluderade respektive exkluderad. Generellt sett upplever sig alla elever vara trygga i klassrummet och på skolan. Även om eleverna ansåg att ingen i klassen var utanför var det några elever som ansåg sig själva vara detta. Om lärare i en skolverksamhet tar för givet att en elev är inkluderad i gemenskapen men inte är det kan det vara förödande för den eleven. Detta medför att lärare kontinuerligt bör granska de sociala relationerna mellan eleverna. Grupparbeten där samarbete är det övergripande syftet är något som kan stärka elevernas acceptans för varandras olikheter vilket kan leda till en bättre gruppgemenskap. / As proposed teachers, we have often speculated on if pupils can be included respectively excluded in that common group a class forms. Inclusion has in this work got the meaning of being a social phenomenon that means spirit of togetherness,participation and wellbeing. The aim with the study became thereby to find out what it is that makes pupils feel included respectively excluded in the spirit of togetherness within their school. In the theoretical background, the thought with a school for everyone is presented and what inclusion as social phenomenon means. The study is based on narrative method where interpretation of pupils' stories is a part of the work. The result showed that the spirit of togetherness in the class, friends, teachers, activities in the classroom and on the playground are factors that involve the feeling of being included respectively excluded. All the pupils generally experience themselves to be safe in the classroom and on the school. Although the pupils wrote that nobody in their class where left outside, being out of it, some pupils regarded themselves to be this. If teachers in a school take for granted that a pupil is included in the spirit of togetherness, but is not, it can be devastating for that pupil. This means that teachers continuous should check the social relationships between the pupils. Groupwork where cooperation is the overall aim is something that can strengthen the students' acceptance for each others differences which can lead to a better group spirit.