This study is about relocated students in the school. Research in this area is limited and the aim is to illuminate the area by listening to different people's voices that have been close to or involved in relocations. The study was made of a qualitative method and the collection of data was through interviews. A total of eight people were included in the study. The selected municipality is located in Sweden. The sample was head teachers, counselors, special educators, social services, relocated student and parent of a relocated student. In the results and analysis the weight were placed on the interviewees votes. Theoretical starting points were selected based on the results of the interviews. The theories used were Bachtin's theory regarding voices, Goffman's theory of stigma, group process and then also Schutz FIRO-model that is about the group's various phases, and Dewey's theory of school. Results from the study showed that relocating because of bullying was rare. An important factor in a successful relocation is the pupil's participation and that the class must be prepared for a new member into the group. Relocation is seen as a last resort and that all other resources should be exhausted before a decision about relocation becomes an option.

The purpose of this study has been to examine how female probation officers construct the concept of women who commit crime. This have been done by examining how the probation officers describe the phenomenon from their own point of view, how they perceive society's view of the phenomenon, how they describe the women's self-images and how their own perceptions affect the treatment of these women. To fulfill this aim the study is based on qualitative interviews with five female probation officers. We analyzed their statements by using Gender theory, Goffmans stigma term and Beckers deviant term. The result of this study shows that women who commit crime are described more as victims than offenders and that they are constructed as deviant in two ways; both in relation to the law but also in relation to their gender. The female probation officers construct the women as carriers of feelings of guilt and shame and that they have issues with their own identities. It also shows that the female probation officers believe in treating male and female clients the same way, although the result of this study shows that they probably don’t.

The aim of this study is to examine how ADHD is discussed in the Swedish mass media. We have examined 21 articles from Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter, Göteborgs-Posten and Svenska Dagbladet. All articles are reviewed from the newspapers online edition. Theories used are Erving Goffman’s theory of Stigma and Michael Foucault´s theory of categorization as well as Göran Palm's, Renée Skogersson's and Anders R. Olsson's theories about mass media. We have also used relevant literature. The main method we used is of Norman Fairclough´s three-dimensional critical discourse analysis where we in most parts have focused on the text analysis and also with the help of text coding system. One of our conclusions is that ADHD is sometimes described with negative words such as "brat" or "problem child". With these words we discovered the existence of underlying messages of the articles that are not expressed clearly. ADHD-medications were often described negative in the articles and also the reasons why a person might actually have ADHD were found to be discussed in the mass media. / Syftet med detta examensarbete är att studera hur ADHD framställs i svensk massmedia. 21 artiklar från Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter, Göteborgs-Posten och Svenska Dagbladet har analyserats. Vi har hämtat artiklarna från tidningarnas internet- upplaga.  Vi har använt oss av Norman Fairclough’s tredimensionella kritiska diskursanalys och har fokuserat på textanalysen. För att granska artiklarna har vi genomfört en textkodning för att bland annat söka efter olika nyckelord i artiklarna. För att skapa en djupare förståelse har vi använt Erving Goffman’s teori om Stigma och Michael Foucault’s teori om Kategorisering samt Göran Palm's, Renée Skogersson's och Anders R. Olsson's teorier om massmedia. Vi har även använt oss av relevant litteratur i analysen. En av våra iakttagelser är att personer med ADHD ibland beskrivs med ord som till exempel ”satunge” eller ”problembarn”. Genom att vara uppmärksam på dessa ord upptäckte vi att det fanns underliggande budskap i artiklarna som inte uttrycktes explicit. Orsakerna till ADHD, ökningen av diagnoserna och medicinering skrivs det mycket om i de valda artiklarna. Dessa tre ”teman” hänger intimt ihop. Orsakerna påverkar ökningen som i sin tur påverkar medicineringen. ADHD- medicineringen framställs ofta negativt i vårt material, bland annat belyser vissa artiklar att det saknas forskning om långtidseffekterna av medicineringen. Även orsakerna till varför en person egentligen får ADHD visar sig vara omdiskuterat i de valda artiklarna.

This study highlights the problematic situation fathers encounter when they require help and support in a custodial dispute. Previous research shows the emergence of a new, more involved father. In the light of this earlier research, this study will show a father that is willing to fight for his rights to be a present and engaged parent in the case of a separation from the mother. The aim was to analyze the subjective perceptions of five fathers in custodial dispute. This analysis did not only show how they perceive their role as a father and their masculinity but also the way they feel about the help they got from social services and other institutions. The fathers show feelings of subordination and discrimination of their parenthood compared to the one of the mother’s; as a result of the treatment they got from social services and other institutions.

The aim of this study was to examine sex workers openness in regards to sex sale when communicating with other people and authorities. The essential questions that laid the foundation of this research were different factors that influence an individual on their choice of openness and concealment of their experiences, and also how they cope with the consequences of this. The results of this study are based on qualitative interviews conducted with five sex workers. The theoretical framework used to analyze the study’s findings is Erving Goffman’s theory of Stigma and Dramaturgical metaphor. The results indicate that sex workers experience difficulties with being open with other entities, including relationships and authorities. The underlying factors behind this appear to be among other things, based on current laws and social stigma in the society. Sex workers experiences of openness to people in their environment have been both positive and negative. Nevertheless, they have mostly been met with prejudices and dislikes. This signifies that many sex workers feel compelled to withhold and conceal their experiences to others. Our findings also show that sex workers use different strategies when coping with concealment of sex sale, which can have an emotional distress for some individuals.

Η έρευνα εξετάζει την αντίληψη που έχει η πολιτισμική ομάδα των αλλοδαπών μαθητών, γύρω από τα συναισθήματα, τις εμπειρίες και τις εντυπώσεις που έχουν αναπτύξει μέσω της συμπεριφοράς των άλλων μαθητών σε καταστάσεις αλληλεπίδρασης. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, εξετάσαμε αν η πολιτισμική μειονότητα των αλλοδαπών μαθητών θεωρεί τον εαυτό της στιγματισμένη και περιθωριοποιημένη με το να προκαλεί στους άλλους προκαταλήψεις και στερεότυπα. Εξετάσαμε, επίσης, πώς άλλοι παράγοντες, όπως η καταγωγή, το φύλο, η ηλικία και ο τόπος διαμονής επηρεάζουν αυτήν την αντίληψη. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 411 αλλοδαποί μαθητές Δημοτικών Σχολείων των νομών Αχαΐας, Ηλείας και Αιτωλοακαρνανίας. Στους μαθητές δόθηκε το ερωτηματολόγιο της συνείδησης του στίγματος. Τα αποτελέσματα κατέδειξαν ότι ένα μεγάλο ποσοστό των αλλοδαπών μαθητών συνειδητοποιούν το στίγμα. Ανέδειξαν, επίσης, ότι ο παράγοντας της καταγωγής επηρεάζει τη συνείδηση του στίγματος, ενώ άλλοι παράγοντες δεν την επηρεάζουν. / The research examines the percipience held by the cultural group of the foreign students about their feelings, experiences and impressions they have developed through the behavior of other students in interactive situations. In particular, we examined if the cultural minority of the foreign students considers itself as stigmatized and marginal by causing to others prejudices and stereotypes. We also examined how other factors, like the origin, the sex, the age and the place of living, influence that percipience. In the research participated 411 foreign students of the elementary schools of the regions Achaia, Ileia and Aitoloakarnania. The students were given the stigma consciousness questionnaire. The results showed that a great percentage of the foreign students become conscious of these facts. They also revealed that the factor of origin influence this percipience while others factors does not affect stigma consciousness.

BAKGRUND: HIV/AIDS (Humant Immunbrist Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) är en epidemi där världens utvecklingsländer är hårdast drabbade. I studier har det framkommit att sjukvårdspersonal har en negativ attityd gentemot denna patientgrupp. Orsaken till detta tros bero på okunskap och rädsla. SYFTE: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur patienter med HIV/AIDS upplever stigmatisering och diskriminering från vårdpersonal. METOD: En litteraturöversikt, med tio stycken vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserats för att besvara studiens syfte. RESULTAT: Två huvudteman framkom; fördomar och förakt och stöd och relation. Resultatet visar att patienter upplevt att vårdpersonal visat förakt gentemot dem både verbalt och icke-verbalt. Patienter anser det betydelsefullt att bygga upp ett förtroende för sjuksköterskan, detta är viktigt för att få en god relation mellan dessa. Denna relation ska byggas på respekt, förståelse, samarbete och ärlighet. KONKLUSION: Författarnas konklusion är att vårdpersonal känner en rädsla gentemot denna patientgrupp på grund av okunskap om sjukdomen och dess smittvägar. Detta kan elimineras med hjälp av ökad kunskap och information. Om inga åtgärder vidtas för att förhindra stigmatisering och diskriminering ökar risken för ett vårdlidande avsevärt. / BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is an epidemic disease, with the highest prevalence in the less developed countries. Earlier studies show that healthcare providers have a negative attitude towards this patient group. The cause of this is believed to be due to ignorance and fear. AIM: The aim of this study was to describe patients with HIV/AIDS and their experiences of stigmatization and discrimination by healthcare providers. METHOD: A literature review, based on an analysis of ten scientific articles is used to answer the aim of the study. RESULT: Two main themes emerge; preconception and contempt and support and the healthcare provider/patient relationship. The result of this studie shows that patients experience contempt from the healthcare providers both verbally and nonverbally. Patients value highly the development of trust in the healthcare provider and feel that this is essential for a good relationship. A good relationship should include respect, understanding, cooperation and honesty. CONCLUSION: The authors draw the conclusion that healthcare providers are fearful of the patients with HIV and also have poor knowledge about the disease. This problem can be solved by a better knowledge and information. If nothing is done to prevent the stigmatization and discrimination against HIV/AIDS-patients the risk of significant health problems will increase.

Vis didėjantis nusikaltimų skaičius veda prie vienos labai svarbios išvados – per menkai sprendžiamos socialinės problemos, o teisės aktų taikymas turi rimtų spragų. Visuomenės palaikymas labai svarbus asmenų socialinei adaptacijai gr��žus iš įkalinimo vietų, tai padeda buvusio nuteistojo jaustis pilnateisiais piliečiais, turinčiais eilę teisių kaip ir kiekvienas mūsų: teisę i darbą, mokslą, būstą, socialinę apsaugą. Vykdant socialinės paramos, pagalbos ir paslaugų teikimą vietiniame lygyje plačiau bendradarbiauti su nevyriausybinėmis organizacijomis, siekti socialinių paslaugų įvairovės, įtraukti į bendrą socialinės paramos sistemą rizikos grupės asmenims, sustiprinti jų ryšius visuomenėje. / The constantly growing number of crimes leads to one highly important conclusion: social problems are being poorly solved and the application of legal acts has serious gaps in our country. Public support is of high importance for the social adaptation of persons returning from prisons. This helps former convicts to feel as full citizens, having the same rights as other people: a right for work, education, lodgment and social security. It is necessary to cooperate with nongovernmental organizations closer, to strive for the diversity of social services, to include the persons belonging to the group disposed to risk into the general social support systems and to consolidate their links with society when implementing social support, assistance and service provision on local level.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur ”kvinnan” framställs och skapas på mode- och livsstillsbloggar. Detta har jag undersökt ur ett ”göra kön” perspektiv samt att jag använt mig av Goffmans teorier kring identitetsvärden och stigma. Jag har använt mig av ett eklektiskt förhållningssätt till valet av metod och har därför använt mig av olika metoder där meningskodning av text och symbolisktolkning av bilder varit de mest framträdande. Dessa koder har jag skapat utifrån min teoretiska referensram.     Det jag kom fram till i min analys var att kön göra på mode- och livsstilsbloggar på en könskategoriserande nivå såväl som på en genus nivå. Detta görande förekommer i olika former där kroppens utseende, dess utsmyckning samt individers beteenden och åsikter är av central betydelse. Identitetsvärden och stigman är två fenomen som är påtagliga på denna form av bloggar. Dessa två fenomen förekommer i relation till både könskategorisering samt genus. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how the “woman” is depicted and created on fashion and lifestyle blogs. I have done this from a “doing gender” perspective. I have also used Goffman’s theories of identity values and stigma.     I been working with an eclectic approach to the choice of method and I have therefore been using different methods in which content coding on text and symbolic interpretation of images has been the most prominent. These codes were created based on my theoretical framework.     The result of my analysis is that gender is done on fashion and lifestyle blogs relative to the two categories, sex categorization as well as gender. This doing appears in different forms in which the body´s appearance, its decoration and individuals´ behavior and opinions are of central importance. Identity values and stigma are two phenomena that are manifest on this kind of blogs. These two phenomena occur in relation to both sex categorization and gender.

This study examines negative issues that cannabis users have experienced associated with cannabis use. The author made qualitative interviewsto unveil four cannabis users’ life stories. These stories were analyzed through the discourse psychologicalperspective interpretive repertoirein order to explore and identify analogies among the users. The author found that the respondents, despite their seemingly diverse backgrounds and personalities, carry a collective repertoire of similar experience and reasoning around cannabis and society which can be defined as a cannabis discourse; a discourse grounded in facts as well as speculations, arguments which separately may seem reasonable but altogether often appear contradictory, and real-life anecdotes that sometimes reflect paradoxical conclusions. It's suggested that the respondents, through their repertoire, construct and maintain this discourse while social stigma and legal retaliation strengthens it. These findings may be useful for social workers in order to understand cannabis users’ situation, societal vulnerability and sometimes controversial values, including the origins of such.