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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Gênero e educação superior: perspectivas de alunas de física

Amorim, Valquiria Gila de 23 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-05-16T13:57:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 1290519 bytes, checksum: 35183282e57a26a6ec20882f9b86366b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T13:57:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 1290519 bytes, checksum: 35183282e57a26a6ec20882f9b86366b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Physics is a predominantly male field, and the reasons for this absence of women in the field are not sufficiently recognized or investigated, especially in Brazil. This dissertation aimed to analyze the experiences of inclusion and exclusion undergone by female students acquiring an undergraduate degree in Physics at Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Brazil. The theoretical approach was based on feminist and gender studies and cultural studies of science, which are interdisciplinary. The methodological approach was qualitative and two strategies of data collection were used in order to analyze the influence of family members and teachers in the choice of Physics, and their formative trajectory at the university: face-to-face and online structured interviews. However, male students’ perspectives were included to analyze the context of gender relations in the field of Physics, and how these relations may disadvantage women in contrast to men. Women's testimonies revealed embarrassing, debilitating and challenging experiences, as well as gender barriers, such as the chilly climate from the beginning, the male image of the Physicist, the lack of credibility of women in the field, and sexism and sexual harassment from male colleagues and professors. In conclusion, the data indicated that in order to remain in the Physics field, female students face gender stereotypes, prejudices, discrimination, sexism and sexual harassment, which remained invisible and naturalized in many situations. / A Física é um campo majoritariamente masculino, e as razões para essa ausência de mulheres não são suficientemente reconhecidas nem investigadas, principalmente no Brasil. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo analisar as experiências vivenciadas pelas alunas no curso de graduação de Física da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), o que as inclui e as exclui, como mulheres, em suas trajetórias. Os aportes teóricos utilizados provêm dos estudos feministas e de gênero e dos estudos culturais da ciência, que são interdisciplinares. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, sendo utilizadas duas estratégias de coleta de dados: entrevista estruturada presencial e online para analisar desde a influência dos familiares e professores/as na escolha do curso de Física até o percurso formativo na universidade. No entanto, foram incluídas vozes masculinas para colaborar a pensar sobre o contexto das relações de gênero no campo da Física e como essas relações podem desfavorecer as mulheres em contraste com os homens. As falas femininas revelaram experiências constrangedoras, debilitantes e desafiantes, bem como barreiras de gênero, entre elas: o clima frio na chegada ao curso, a imagem masculina do Físico, a falta de credibilidade das mulheres no campo, e a presença do sexismo e assédio sexual entre colegas e professores. Os dados apontam, em conclusão, que para permanecer no curso de Física as alunas enfrentam estereótipos de gênero, preconceitos, discriminações, sexismo e assédio sexual, que se apresentaram invisibilizados e naturalizados em muitas situações.
12

First-Year Students’ Experiences of Peer Groups and Peer Pressure in the Residences of a South African University

Mntuyedwa, Vuyokazi January 2020 (has links)
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / In general, peers have a tendency to influence others positively and negatively. In the main, transition from school to higher education causes some students to experience stress; to respond negatively to new conditions; and to engage in risk behaviour, which hinders epistemological access, negatively affects performance, and often delays graduation. Nonetheless, participation in peer group activities has advantages and potentialities, which are often neglected in popular scholarly discourse. The main research question of the study was to investigate the experiences of peer pressure among first-year students? This study adopted a mixed-method research design and presents findings for both quantitative data which was collected through an electronic survey and qualitative findings from focus group interviews with three different groups: females, males, and, mixed gender. The population comprised first-year students living in two residences of a selected South African university. The qualitative data was analysed through thematic analysis, while the quantitative data was analysed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Spearman’s Rank correlation was used in the study. In consideration with the transition theory, social learning theory, and student involvement theory. Findings reveal that first-year students join different groups and they encounter both positive and negative experiences. Positive experiences were observed in relation to academic performance and sense of belonging. Negative experiences indicate that peers influence others to adopt anti-social behaviour, experience undue materialistic pressure, have poor class attendance, and depend on peers for decisions. Overall, it is found that academic success depends on students’ interconnectedness, sense of belonging, peer support, acceptance, and recognition. The findings can be utilized to inform practical strategies and policies to empower first-year students to deal productively and progressively with peer pressure within the higher education sector. The study recommends the implementation of a First-year Student orientation programme which is called University 101 that can assist first-year students with better transition to higher education and can increase retention output. The programme should address the crucial areas that will assists the first-year with better transitions such as diversity, well-being, self-esteem, academic excellence and peer pressure.
13

Tidig läsinsats i förskoleklass : effekt av insats och elevers upplevelser

Ahlin, Ann-Charlotte, Hansson, Anette January 2019 (has links)
A prerequisite in today´s society is to be able to read and write in order to be able to develop fully into a participant community citizen. The aim of the Swedish curriculum is for the pupils to learn to read and write so that they can benefit from the education (Skolverket, 2011a). The school should be able to meet all children´s differences and needs to fulfill this. Several research studies have shown that the earlier the pupils in the risk zone for reading difficulties are identified and the earlier cost-effective reading interventions are implemented the lower the risk of school failure. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether a specific teaching package supports the development of pupil´s knowledge of letters, letter sounds and word decoding. In addition, the pupil´s experiences of participation in the reading intervention were studied. The study included seven pre-school class pupils who were at risk for reading difficulties, they were randomized into a experimentgroup of four and a controlgroup of three pupils. When collecting data, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The pupils conducted a pre- and posttest in the form of the Swedish National Agency for Education´s mapping material for the preschool class (Skolverket, 2018). In addition, observation of the reading data sessions and interviews with the pupils were used after this was completed. As far as the measurable results about the pupil´s knowledge development were concerned there was a positive result, but it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the impact of the reading intervention.  Regarding the pupil´s experiences of the reading intervention they were positive to both the participation and reading. One conclusion we draw from this is that the playful element of the reading intervention together with the multisensory supplement probably contributed to the pupil´s finding it both joyful and motivating. From a special educational perspective early reading intervention enables inclusion and participation. / En förutsättning för att kunna utvecklas till en delaktig samhällsmedborgare är att kunna läsa och skriva. Ett övergripande mål i läroplanen är att eleverna tillägnar sig skriftspråket vilket är ett medel för att kunna tillgodogöra sig utbildningen (Skolverket, 2011a). Skolan ska kunna möta alla barns olikheter så att de får den undervisning och det stöd de behöver för att kunna erövra och utveckla läs- och skrivförmågan. Flera studier har visat att ju tidigare eleverna i riskzonen för lässvårigheter identifieras och ju tidigare kostnadseffektiva läsinsatser genomförs, desto mindre risk för framtida skolmisslyckanden. Syftet med denna studie var att analysera huruvida ett specifikt undervisningspaket stöder utvecklingen av elevernas kunskaper om bokstäver, ljud och ordavkodning. Dessutom studerades elevernas erfarenheter av deltagande i läsinsatsen. Studien omfattade sju förskoleelever som bedömdes vara i riskzonen för lässvårigheter vilka bildade en experimentgrupp om fyra elever och en kontrollgrupp om tre elever. Vid insamling av data användes både kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder. Skolverkets kartläggningsmaterial för förskoleklassen (Skolverket, 2018) användes som för- och eftertest. Dessutom gjordes observationer av läsinsatsen samt elevintervjuer efter avslutad läsinsatsperiod. De mätbara resultaten kring elevernas kunskapsutveckling visade ett positivt resultat, men det gick inte att dra några slutsatser kring undervisningspaketets effektivitet. Utifrån resultatet kring elevernas upplevelser av läsinsatsen fann vi att eleverna var positiva till både läsinsatsen och läsning. En slutsats vi drar av detta är att det lekfulla inslaget i läsinsatsen tillsammans med det multisensoriska tillägget förmodligen har bidragit till att eleverna tyckte att det både var lustfyllt och motiverande. Ur ett specialpedagogiskt perspektiv är det angeläget med tidiga insatser som kan göra eleverna läsförberedda och därmed öka chansen till inkludering och delaktighet.
14

Lärande i verksamhetsförlagd utbildning : Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av lärande under Specialistutbildning inom Anestesisjukvård / Learning in clinical education : Nurses' experiences of learning in Specialist Nursing Programme in Anesthetic Nursing

Bucht, Kerstin January 2008 (has links)
<p>Studiens syfte var att få kunskap om hur sjuksköterskor under specialistutbildning inom akutsjukvård med inriktning mot anestesisjukvård upplever förväntningar, möjligheter och hinder för lärande under deras verksamhetsförlagda utbildning. I bakgrunden finns beskrivet specialistutbildningens uppläggning och mål. Några av anestesisjuksköterskans centrala arbetsuppgifter fokuseras: mötet med patienten inför anestesi och operation och den fria luftvägen. För studien användes en kvalitativ metod med intervjuer av tio studenter. Intervjuerna bearbetades och analyserades utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande, vilken utgör studiens teoretiska ram. Analysen koncentrerades mot lärande som social praxis där fyra teman framkom vilka berörde praktikplatsen, yrkesidentiteten, samspelet med handledare, patient, arbetsteam och skola i lärandesituationer samt utvärderingen. Dessa teman anknöts till Nielsen och Kvales huvudaspekter på mästarlära och situerat lärande som beskriver lärande i en praxisgemenskap, lärande som utveckling av en yrkesidentitet, lärande utan formell undervisning och utvärdering genom praxis. Resultatet visade att samspelet med handledaren hade mycket stor betydelse för studenternas möjligheter till lärande och för utvecklingen av yrkesidentiteten. De kvaliteter som studenterna ansåg viktigast hos handledaren var motivation för handledaruppdraget, aktuella yrkeskunskaper, kommunikationsförmåga och ett pedagogiskt förhållningssätt. Praktikplatsen ansågs även ha stor betydelse för studenternas möjligheter till lärande där miljön, tillträde till lärandesituationer, gemenskapen och samspelet med teamet upplevdes ge goda förutsättningar. Utvärdering i form av feedback i samband med lärandesituationer och efterföljande reflektion av utförda handlingar upplevde studenterna vara nödvändigt för lärandets progress.</p>
15

Lärande i verksamhetsförlagd utbildning : Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av lärande under Specialistutbildning inom Anestesisjukvård / Learning in clinical education : Nurses' experiences of learning in Specialist Nursing Programme in Anesthetic Nursing

Bucht, Kerstin January 2008 (has links)
Studiens syfte var att få kunskap om hur sjuksköterskor under specialistutbildning inom akutsjukvård med inriktning mot anestesisjukvård upplever förväntningar, möjligheter och hinder för lärande under deras verksamhetsförlagda utbildning. I bakgrunden finns beskrivet specialistutbildningens uppläggning och mål. Några av anestesisjuksköterskans centrala arbetsuppgifter fokuseras: mötet med patienten inför anestesi och operation och den fria luftvägen. För studien användes en kvalitativ metod med intervjuer av tio studenter. Intervjuerna bearbetades och analyserades utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande, vilken utgör studiens teoretiska ram. Analysen koncentrerades mot lärande som social praxis där fyra teman framkom vilka berörde praktikplatsen, yrkesidentiteten, samspelet med handledare, patient, arbetsteam och skola i lärandesituationer samt utvärderingen. Dessa teman anknöts till Nielsen och Kvales huvudaspekter på mästarlära och situerat lärande som beskriver lärande i en praxisgemenskap, lärande som utveckling av en yrkesidentitet, lärande utan formell undervisning och utvärdering genom praxis. Resultatet visade att samspelet med handledaren hade mycket stor betydelse för studenternas möjligheter till lärande och för utvecklingen av yrkesidentiteten. De kvaliteter som studenterna ansåg viktigast hos handledaren var motivation för handledaruppdraget, aktuella yrkeskunskaper, kommunikationsförmåga och ett pedagogiskt förhållningssätt. Praktikplatsen ansågs även ha stor betydelse för studenternas möjligheter till lärande där miljön, tillträde till lärandesituationer, gemenskapen och samspelet med teamet upplevdes ge goda förutsättningar. Utvärdering i form av feedback i samband med lärandesituationer och efterföljande reflektion av utförda handlingar upplevde studenterna vara nödvändigt för lärandets progress.
16

How Undergraduate Students Think about Higher Education and Prepare for Employment

Chindalo, Pannel 28 February 2011 (has links)
This study explores of how university students understand the relationship between a liberal arts undergraduate degree and becoming employment-ready. The study employs a phenomenological approach. Surveys and interviews of students were conducted on the Faculty of Arts and Science students at the St. George Campus of the University of Toronto. Supplementary data were obtained from National Survey of Student Engagement. By employing Bourdieu‟s theory of practice (especially with regard to capital, habitus and field), the study reveals how students went about preparing for the labour market differed by their social class, immigration status and race. Students‟ abilities to secure skill-enhancing extracurricular activities and maintaining high GPA scores appeared related to their cultural capital. Most racialized first generation students experienced levels of difficulties in securing skill-enhancing extracurricular skill activities and maintaining high GPAs, which affected their employment readiness, clarity about occupational direction and their entry to graduate studies. New immigrant students were least aware of the extracurricular activities needed to prepare for employment. The study concludes that most liberal arts undergraduate students are not ready for employment at the completion of their studies and that social class and race may be related to their ability to make themselves employment-ready
17

How Undergraduate Students Think about Higher Education and Prepare for Employment

Chindalo, Pannel 28 February 2011 (has links)
This study explores of how university students understand the relationship between a liberal arts undergraduate degree and becoming employment-ready. The study employs a phenomenological approach. Surveys and interviews of students were conducted on the Faculty of Arts and Science students at the St. George Campus of the University of Toronto. Supplementary data were obtained from National Survey of Student Engagement. By employing Bourdieu‟s theory of practice (especially with regard to capital, habitus and field), the study reveals how students went about preparing for the labour market differed by their social class, immigration status and race. Students‟ abilities to secure skill-enhancing extracurricular activities and maintaining high GPA scores appeared related to their cultural capital. Most racialized first generation students experienced levels of difficulties in securing skill-enhancing extracurricular skill activities and maintaining high GPAs, which affected their employment readiness, clarity about occupational direction and their entry to graduate studies. New immigrant students were least aware of the extracurricular activities needed to prepare for employment. The study concludes that most liberal arts undergraduate students are not ready for employment at the completion of their studies and that social class and race may be related to their ability to make themselves employment-ready
18

A new model of students' perceptions of the primary school classroom emotional environment : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Andersen, Rachel Joy January 2009 (has links)
94 items was developed that encapsulate what children notice in their classrooms as affecting the emotional environment and the language they use to describe it. Study 3 had 63 adults use a modified decision task to sort the 94 items into groups of their selection of similarity and dissimilarity. The analysis of these data revealed 11 clusters of items and 3 underlying dimensions - Teacher Affect, Teacher Expectations and Style, and Classroom Dynamics. Each dimension has two opposing ends, and each of the 94 items can be viewed on a three dimensional map showing their relationship to each of the other 93 items along these 3 underlying dimensions. The visual graphic makes these dimensions easy to interpret for those who are likely to be organising classroom environments. This research shows that when given a chance to talk about their experiences in classrooms, students can explain what they value in a classroom, what they will remember about school, and what influences them and their learning.
19

Några elevers syn på hälsa och skolans hälsoarbete : En kvalitativ intervjustudie

Carlberg, Ida January 2018 (has links)
Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate how some high school students experience their school's health work as well as their view on/understanding of health. Since the study is conducted in collaboration with the Swedish Institute FMS particular attention will be paid to a special intervention, named FMS. The research questions read: How is health presented in the students’ stories about the school’s health work? Where does the school's health work take place according to the students' stories? How do the students experience the subject Sport and Health? How do the students experience FMS:s health intervention? Method: A qualitative method has been used where nine students have been interviewed individually with the ambition to understand the phenomenon from the interviewees own perspective. A total of 18 interviews have been conducted since all participating students were interviewed on two different occasions. Results: Health for the students is primarily about feeling good and having the energy to perform. The pathogenic perspective appears the most when talking about physical health, while the salutogenic perspective becomes clearer when they argue about mental health and even more clear in social health. When the students talk about the opportunities and difficulties they experience about their own health, it mainly involves physical activity and diet. Here is a picture of how students seem to be about improving their health by being physically active and eating "good". Occasions when it is not possible to be physically active or to eat "good" therefore means that the students experience a difficulty for their own health. The school’s health work seems to, according to the student’s stories, mainly take place in the subject of Sport and Health, which is a subject the majority experiences provides good information and is fun. All students experience that the health intervention FMS has given them a deeper insight into what they can and can not do and what they need to improve with themselves. Overall, the interviewees describe how they think the FMS has been very good and fun. Conclusions: Regardless of whether a health work has a pathogenic or salutogenic perspective is it important for the school to think about how health is expressed in education and other health initiatives as it can ultimately affect students' approach to their health. / Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur några gymnasieelever upplever sin skolas hälsoarbete samt deras syn på/förståelse av hälsa. Då studien genomförs i samverkan med Svenska Institutet FMS kommer särskild uppmärksamhet att ägnas åt en speciell hälsoinsats, kallad FMS. Frågeställningarna lyder: Hur framställs hälsa i elevernas berättelser om skolans hälsoinsatser? Var sker skolans hälsoarbete enligt elevernas berättelser? Hur upplever eleverna ämnet Idrott och hälsa? Hur upplever eleverna FMS:s hälsoinsats? Metod: En kvalitativ metod har använts där nio elever har intervjuats individuellt med ambitionen att förstå fenomenet ur de intervjuades egna perspektiv. Totalt har 18 intervjuer genomförts då samtliga deltagande elever intervjuades vid två olika tillfällen. Resultat: Hälsa för eleverna handlar främst om att må bra och att ha ork till att prestera. Det patogena perspektivet framträder starkast när de talar om fysisk hälsa, medan det salutogena perspektivet blir tydligare när de resonerar om psykisk hälsa och än tydligare vid social hälsa. När eleverna talar om vilka möjligheter och svårigheter de upplever kring den egna hälsan rör det främst fysisk aktivitet och kost. Här framträds en bild av hur det för eleverna verkar handla om att man ska främja sin hälsa genom att vara fysiskt aktiv och att äta ”bra”. Tillfällen då det inte är möjligt att vara fysiskt aktiv eller att äta ”bra” ter sig därför för eleverna till att upplevas som en svårighet för den egna hälsan.   Skolans hälsoarbete verkar enligt elevernas berättelser främst ske i ämnet Idrott och hälsa, vilket är ett ämne som majoriteten upplever ger bra information och är roligt. Hälsoinsatsen FMS upplevs av samtliga elever ha givit dem endjupare insikt i vad de kan och inte kan göra samt vad de behöver förbättra med sig själva. Det beskrivs överlag i intervjuerna hur de tycker att FMS har varit väldigt bra och roligt. Slutsats: Oavsett om ett hälsoarbete har en patogen eller salutogen utgångspunkt är det viktigt för skolan att fundera över hur hälsa kommer till uttryck i såväl undervisning som övriga hälsoinsatser då det i slutändan kan påverka elevers förhållningssätt till sin hälsa.
20

Muntliga redovisningar på mellanstadiet : Elevers upplevelser och läraresundervisning och anpassningar. / Students' experiences about, teachers' teachings of and adjustments to oral presentations in grades 4-6.

Hagel Almér, Amanda January 2018 (has links)
In my study I will examine how students in grades 4-6 experience oral presentations, howteachers understand the students´ experiences and which factors they think affect these experiences.Finally I will look at how teachers teach about oral presentation and what adjustmentsthey make in relation to the studens´needs.I have used questionnaire forms that includes both multiple choice answers and open questions.These questionnaire forms have been given out to 36 students in grades 4, 5 and 6 attwo different schools. I have also had one on one interviews with three teachers who teachSwedish in grades 4-6.The results shows that the majority of the participating students experience negative feelingsconnected to oral presentations. The other participating students felt positive or neural aboutoral presentations. The factors that affects the experience of oral presentations for students´according to my study is: students´ earlier experiences, the class climate, how the audience actduring the presentation and how much time and teaching time is being directed towards thetools that students need to make a good presentation. The teachers teach in different ways buthave some elements in common. They all use examples to show good and bad presentations,then let the students practice different presentation skills and they try to give all the studentspractice in talking in front of the class as often as possible. The teachers make adjustments bytelling the students that many people find oral presentations challenging but with practice youcan feel better about this. They also make adjustments in how many and which people someof the students have to make the presentations in front of. The teachers worked with the wholeclass about how you are a good audience. / Min studie har som syfte att undersöka hur elever upplever muntliga redovisningar. Hur lärare uppfattar elevers upplevelser av muntliga redovisningar, vilka faktorer som påverkar deras upplevelser samt hur lärarna undervisar och anpassar sin undervisning till elevernas behov. Jag har använt mig av enkäter med flervalsfrågor där deltagarna hade möjlighet att ge egna kommentarer. Dessa enkäter har jag delat ut till 36 elever i årskurserna 4-6 på två olika skolor. Jag har också haft enskilda intervjuer med tre lärare. Resultaten från studien visar att majoriteten av eleverna upplever negativa känslor kopplade till muntliga redovisningar. Resterande upplever dem som positiva eller okej. Lärarna bekräf- tar detta genom sina iakttagelser. De faktorer som lärarna anser påverka eleverna upplevelser är elevernas tidigare erfarenheter, klassklimatet, hur åhörarna beter sig under redovisningarna samt hur mycket tid och undervisning som läggs på verktygen som behövs för att genomföra en bra redovisning. Lärarna arbetar olika, men några gemensamma nämnare är att visa visu- ella exempel på bra och mindre bra redovisningar, att träna olika delar och att stegvis bygga upp elevernas kunskaper. Anpassningarna som görs är bland annat att medvetandegöra elever om att många tycker att detta är jobbigt, anpassa gruppen som lyssnar eller låta eleven göra redovisningen för bara läraren. Vidare arbetar lärarna mycket med hela klassen om hur man är en bra och respektfull publik. Sammanfattningsvis görs vissa anpassningar för hela gruppen och andra görs på individnivå.

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