The group of pleurocarpous mosses comprises approximately 5000 species, which corresponds to about half of all mosses. The pleurocarpous mosses (i.e. “the Core Pleurocarps”) form a monophylum, which consists typically of perennial mosses with creeping stems and abundant lateral branches. In pleurocarpous mosses the archegonium and thus also sporophyte development is restricted to the apices of short, specialized lateral branches, in contrast to most other mosses, where archegonia and sporophytes develop terminally on the main axis (acrocarpous) or on major branches (cladocarpous). Traditionally, pleurocarpous mosses have been divided into three orders based mainly on their sporophytic characters. Brotherus described the Neckeraceae in 1925 and placed it into the Leucodontales, later the family has alternatively been divided into two or three separate families: the Thamnobryaceae, the Neckeraceae and the Leptodontaceae. These families have been placed even in different orders (Neckeraceae and Leptodontaceae among the leucodontalean mosses and Thamnobryaceae among hypnalean mosses) according to their peristome structure and the grade of peristome reduction. A growing amount of evidence indicates that a grouping based on sporophytic characters is artificial and based on convergent evolution. According to the latest phylogenetic studies of pleurocarpous mosses, based on molecular data, the Neckeraceae belong to the order Hypnales and share a sister group relationship with the Lembophyllaceae. In the most recent comprehensive classification 28 genera were included in the Neckeraceae family. This classification was based on both morphological and molecular data, but done with limited taxon sampling that did not cover all species of the family. Some previous studies based on molecular data have challenged the family concept of the Neckeraceae, indicating the need for a revision of the family. Here the family concept of the Neckeraceae is revisited, the closest relatives of the family are resolved and its position within pleurocarpous mosses is shown. In addition, new insights into the morphological evolution of the family are provided. Previous phylogenetic studies indicated that branch lengths among pleurocarpous mosses are usually extremely short. Therefore we chose to use mainly non-coding DNA sequences from rapidly evolving DNA regions. The phylogenetic reconstructions are based on extensive sequence data from all genomes: plastid trnS-trnF and rpl16, nuclear ITS1 & 2 and mitochondrial nad5. Both parsimony (PAUP and PRAP2) and Bayesian statistics (MrBayes) were employed for phylogenetic reconstructions. In order to use the information provided by length mutations indels were included in the analyses as binary data using a simple indel coding approach. No severe conflicts appeared between the different methods used, but the indel coding affected the support values of the inferred topologies. Therefore, all support values resulting from different methods are shown along the phylogenetic trees. The morphological features are studied and synapomorphies for each clade formed in the phylogenetic analyses are interpreted. A new delimitation of the family makes it necessary to reconsider the relevance of the morphological description and the morphological features characteristic of the family need to be reconsidered. Due to new groupings, some changes in the morphological circumscriptions of the genera are necessary, resulting in two new genera and several new combinations. Chapter 1 gives a broad overview of the relationships of the pleurocarpous mosses and shows the need for changes in the definition of genera, families and the corresponding nomenclature in this group. Chapter 2 is a population genetic study on the genus Thamnobryum. The main aim of this chapter is to test the species concept in Thamnobryum that are endemic to strictly restricted regions showing only minor differences in the morphological features in comparison to some more common species. In Chapter 3 the monophyly of the Neckeraceae is tested. In addition, in this chapter the ancestral character states of some morphological characters within the Neckeraceae are reconstructed. Chapters 4 and 5 resolve the genus composition and the relationships within the family in more detail. The results of this thesis show that the Neckeraceae need re-circumscription; this includes changes in the genus composition. The Lembophyllaceae is confirmed to be the sister group of the Neckeraceae. In addition to the new phylogeny, the potential evolution of several characters as a result of environmental selection pressures is analyzed. From the ancestral state reconstructions made (using BayesTraits) for both the habitat and a selection of morphological characters, character state distributions and habitat shift appear congruent, peristome reduction being a good example. However, some character states do not correlate with the habitat, suggesting very complex evolutionary patterns underlying these morphological characters. Many widely distributed genera that are composed of several species and seem to be morphologically coherent (Echinodium, Homalia, Thamnobryum, partly Neckera), are shown in this thesis to be polyphyletic. They are replaced by smaller, geographically more restricted genera that at least in some cases (e.g. Thamnomalia, Homalia s.str., Neckera s.str.) seem to form morphologically heterogeneous genera. In other words, morphology can be misleading in the family Neckeraceae even at the genus level and convergent evolution in both morphological and sequence level characters are common within the family. Special habitat conditions have been shown to result in similar morphological structures also in several other moss groups. This kind of convergent evolution occurs in aquatic mosses, and seems to have occurred among the neckeraceous species Thamnobryum alopecurum and its allies. However, similar morphological structure in similar aquatic habitats can also be due to true phylogenetic relationships as is the case within the Neckeraceae for Handeliobryum sikkimense and Hydrocryphae wardii, or the members of Touwia. The geographical grouping seems to be more strongly correlated with the phylogenetic grouping than thought before.

Über Sacherschließung in der UB Dortmund berichtete der zuständige Fachreferent Christian Andersen. Die Universitätsbibliothek klassifizierte nach der DK, die Bibliothek der Pädagogischen Hochschule klassifizierte nach eigenem System. 1980 erfolgte die Fusion der beiden Bibliotheken mit der Begleiterscheinung, daß die beiden Systematischen Kataloge einerseits nach DK und andererseits nach eigener PHB-Systematik weitergeführt wurden. Für die Sachkataloge produzierte das System DOBIS Katalogzettel bis zur Abschaltung von DOBIS Ende 1991. Damit brachen die Zettelkataloge ab. In einem Testlauf im Sommer 1990 hatten sich die Fachreferenten für die Nutzung der Fremddaten des HBZ entschieden. Außerdem stand die Möglichkeit der freien Schlagwortvergabe zur Verfügung. Eine Umstellung der DK-Notationen auf EDV-Recherche hätte großen manuellen Verbalisierungsaufwand benötigt, da die DK-Notation für sich genommen nicht aussagekräftig genug erschienen. Der DK-Teil des Zettelkatalogs wurde Anfang 2002 „entsorgt“; der PH-Teil steht heute in einem Magazin noch zur Verfügung, wird aber - sofern entdeckt - kaum genutzt. Heute sind alle Bestände der UB im OPAC erreichbar. Sachlich suchen kann man gezielt nach Schlagwörtern oder Stichwörtern. Auch die „Suche über alle Felder“ ist möglich. Nachteil: Fallweise gibt es große bis sehr große Treffermengen. Problem: Die durch die Retrokatalogisierung erfassten Altbestände sind fast gar nicht sachlich erschlossen; die Titel seit 1983 nur teilweise. Mit 1986 setzte die Übernahme der Schlagwortdaten der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie (DNB) durch den HBZ-Verbund ein. Wünschenswert wäre es, die Altbestände durch automatische Indexierung zu erschließen. (Hermes)

Einleitend zur Archivierung in MONARCH entstand ein Text zur bibliothekarischen Veranstaltung in Hamburg, Juli 2008. Wichtig für die Bibliothekare in der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation ist: Ihr gemeinsames Thema ist die Inhaltserschliessung; dabei soll der Rote Faden immer dorthin laufen, wo Neues oder Trends zu entdecken sind.

This thesis comprises studies of the phylogenetic relationships in the flowering plant clade Potentilleae in Rosaceae. The relationships were elucidated by using DNA sequence data from the nuclear genome as well as from the plastid genome. In particular, the focus of the studies was the investigation of allopolyploidy, i.e. speciation as a result of hybridization and subsequent chromosome doubling. A phylogenetic method was used for identifying allopolyploidy through comparison of trees resulting from the analyses of different DNA sequences. Five sub-clades were investigated. First, both the sister clades that together contain all of Potentilleae: Fragariinae and Potentilla. Secondly, three subclades of Fragariinae, namely Alchemilla in wide sense, Sibbaldia and relatives, and Fragaria. The aim was to unravel the phylogenetic relationships, including instances of allopolyploidy. Classification issues were discussed in relation to the phylogenetic results. The split between Potentilla (=Potentillinae) and Fragariinae received better support than in previous studies. The phylogeny of Fragariinae was found to be consistent with classifying ten genera: Alchemilla in wide sense (incl. Aphanes and Lachemilla), Comarum, Sibbaldia, Sibbaldianthe, Sibbaldiopsis, Chamaerhodos, Drymocallis, Dasiphora, Potaninia, Fragaria, and also including a few orphan Potentilla species. The segregated genera Ivesia, Horkelia, Horkeliella and Duchesnea were found to be nested within Potentilla, corroborating earlier studies, while the segregated genus Argentina (P. anserina and close relatives) showed an ambiguous position. Plastid and nuclear (ribosomal) phylogenies were compared and incongruences were detected as potential instances of allopolyploid speciation. Five strongly supported incongruences were detected in Fragariinae and four of them were considered to be potentially caused by allopolyploidy. In addition, five supported incongruences were found in Potentilla. Alchemilla in the wide sense was found to contain four major clades, African Alchemilla, Eurasian Alchemilla, Lachemilla and Aphanes. Both Lachemilla and Aphanes were nested within Alchemilla and it was suggested that the name Alchemilla should be used in the wide sense, i.e. including both the genera Lachemilla and Aphanes. The genus Sibbaldia as commonly classified was shown to be polyphyletic in five different places in Potentilleae. Three Sibbaldia clades ended up in Fragariinae and two in Potentilla. A phylogeny of Fragaria, based on a nuclear low/single copy DNA region was estimated. The gene copy phylogeny was used to construct a reticulate tree hypothesizing allopolyploid speciation events. The evolution of Fragaria was shown to have been shaped by polyploidy. / At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.

Med 1,4 miljoner elever är skolan Sveriges största arbetsplats. Varje år behöver uppskattningsvis 38 000 barn och ungdomar uppsöka en akutmottagning efter att ha skadat sig under barnomsorgs- och skoltid (Socialstyrelsen, 2011). Ur ett barnsäkerhetsperspektiv är det skadeförebyggande arbetet i skolan av största betydelse. Barnsäkerhetsrådet, en samverkansorganisation bestående av 11 myndigheter har tillsammans med Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap, MSB, bedömt att man inte har en fullständig bild av i vilken omfattning och på vilket sätt skolorna arbetar skadeförebyggande. MSB har uppdragit åt Karlstads universitet att genomföra en studie, vilken har sammanställts till en rapport: Systematiskt skadeförebyggande arbete inom grundskolan. Kartläggning av arbetssätt, utvecklingsbehov och behov av stöd (Olsson, Gustavsson & Andersson, 2012, bilaga 1). Rapporten utgör detta examensarbetes resultatdel. Undersökningen har genomförts som en webb-enkät vilken besvarades av drygt 900 lärare, som är medlemmar i Lärarförbundet. Resultaten visar att kvalitén på det skadeförebyggande arbetet varierar stort och att det finns behov av att stärka detta arbete på många sätt och nivåer inom skolorganisationen. Lärarna visar engagemang i att arbeta med skadeprevention och efterlyser stöd i arbetet med att hålla frågan och förmågan levande i ett långsiktigt perspektiv. Vidare bör eleverna inkluderas i större utsträckning och fler aktörer bör  involveras i skolornas skadeförbyggande arbete. Det finns behov av att inventera och eventuellt utveckla nya metoder/verktyg/utbildningar som ger skolans aktörer stöd i att hålla systematiskt skadeförebyggande arbete vid liv i ett långsiktigt perspektiv samt undersöka på vilket sätt resurser skulle kunna frigöras/tillskapas för att skolväsendet ska kunna få ta del av specifik kunskap om riskhantering och systematiskt barnsäkerhetsarbete.

Einen Klassenvergleich liefert Katharina Boll (17.07.11:00), indem sie die Klasse 200 der DDC (Theologie bzw. Religion) vergleicht mit der Fachsystematik „B“ der Regensburger Verbundklassifikation (RVK).

Ein neuer Begriff in der Katalogisierung ist das „Tagging“. Hier (im Referat von Claudia Gratz, 16.07.15:00) geht es um das Hinzufügen von Katalogelementen durch Nutzer oder Autoren, darunter auch die Lieferanten von Doktorarbeiten. Beispielsweise das Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-Württemberg stellt hierfür die Online Schlagwortnormdatei OSWD zur Verfügung. Das Verfahren ist im Ansatz eine Ausnutzung von Dienstleistung wie wir sie (in der Nutzerrolle) täglich kostenfrei erbringen in der Rolle des Tankwarts, Verkäufers oder Bankangestellten. Hierbei dürfen wir übrigens auch einmal anmerken, dass unser Rollenhandeln durchweg gute Ergebnisse bringt! Das Tagging dagegen bringt leider einiges an Inkonsequenz in die Ergebnisse.

Relativ neu im bibliothekarischen Geschäft ist auch die Kataloganreicherung (16.07.14:00). Der OPAC (online-public-access-catalogue) heißt jetzt, nachdem alle ihn haben, wieder schlicht „Katalog“. Aber dieser elektronisch erreichbare Katalog kann unversehens weit mehr anbieten als Titeldaten und Signaturen. Das 'Catalogue Enrichment'/die 'Kataloganreicherung' durch Inhaltsverzeichnisse, so wie sie derzeit in NRW praktiziert wird, bringt sogar mehr als lediglich weiterführende Links: Dadurch, dass mit Hilfe einer OCR-Erkennung die Inhaltsverzeichnisse indexiert werden, entstehen neue Suchwörter. Diese ergeben eine deutliche Erweiterung der Suchinhalte abgesehen davon, dass der Recherchekomfort steigt.

Details zum gegenwärtigen Stand der DDC-Anwendung in der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek liefert Monika Lösse (17.07. nach 10:00); und sozusagen den französischen Spiegel hält Anne-Célin Lambotte aus Paris dagegen (17.07.12:00).

Innovation inom offentlig sektor har de senaste åren blivit mer och mer uppmärksammad. I den föränderliga värld vi lever i idag behövs insatser som främjar innovation för att kommuner även i framtiden ska kunna erbjuda efterfrågad standard av välfärdstjänster, samt för att kunna hantera ekonomiska och samhälleliga utmaningar. Denna studie görs på Gävle kommun, där bland annat organisationens innovationsprocess och innovationsförmåga studeras. Syftet med studien är att undersöka utmaningar och hinder i Gävle kommuns innovationsarbete. Studien har en kvalitativ metodansats med en induktiv tematisk analys som la grunden för studiens resultat. Undersökningen indikerar att det finns stora visioner av att integrera ett tydligare innovationsarbete i kommunens olika sektorer och verksamheter, dock visar resultatet i studien att utifrån empiriska och teoretiska data finns det ett antal olika hinder som påverkar Gävle kommuns innovationsförmåga och integration av innovation som helhet i kommunens olika verksamheter. Resultatet visar bland annat att det finns hinder och utmaningar i form av kunskap, tid och struktur.