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Vår studie belyser hur hotellverksamheter arbetar med social hållbarhet kopplat till sextrafficking. Studien undersöker hur hotellen arbetar förebyggande mot sextrafficking, vilka utmaningar personalen upplever i verksamheten sett till förebyggandet av sextrafficking samt hur Corporate social responsibility (CSR) används i verksamheten kopplat till sextrafficking. Vårt syfte är att undersöka hur svenska hotellföretag arbetar med ärenden kring sextrafficking i sin verksamhet. För att möjliggöra detta genomförde vi intervjuer med åtta informanter anställda på tre olika hotell. Kriterierna för hotellen var följande: medelstora hotell (100–250 rum), belägna i en stad i mellansverige och att en ansvarig chef kunde ställa upp på expertintervju. Expertinformanten valde en eller flera i personalen från receptionen, restaurangen eller housekeeping som informanter till kvalitativa intervjuer. Huvudbegreppen som lyfts fram är sextrafficking och CSR. Det finns mycket forskning kring sextrafficking och CSR, men dessa fenomen satt i samma kontext alltså hur förebyggande av sextrafficking är en del av CSR visar att en teoretisk lucka finns. Utöver att använda sig av CSR finns olika certifieringar och checklistor som kan underlätta ett förebyggande arbete. Dock är det upp till ledningen eller chefer att implementera dessa arbetssätt för att arbeta mot sextrafficking. Studien visar att hotellen vidtar åtgärder för att förebygga sextrafficking, men det sker på olika nivåer och olika aktivt. Resultatet av studien visar att hotellen letar efter spår i bokningar från externa kanaler när de får en misstanke. Informanterna konstaterar även att personalen agerar på misstänkta fall utifrån den svenska lagen mot sexköp som är en skyddsaspekt för att vidta åtgärder mot sextrafficking. Utmaningar för personalen är olika typer av profilering av gäster, bristen på utbildning, tyst kunskap, och digitalisering som tar bort mötet med gäster. Informanterna belyser att polisen är en viktig resurs samt andra hotellaktörer på platsen. Resultatet visar att hotellen arbetar med CSR och har lokala samarbeten för att förebygga sextrafficking. / Our study highlights how hotels work with social sustainability linked to sex-trafficking. The study examines how the hotels work preventatively against sex-trafficking, what challenges they experience in the business and how corporate social responsibility (CSR) is used in the businesses linked to sextrafficking. The aim of the study is to investigate how Swedish companies in the hotel industry take measures to prevent sex-trafficking of people. To enable this, we conducted interviews with eight respondents employed at three different hotels. The criteria for the selected hotels were as follows: Medium size hotels (100 – 250 rooms), located in a city in central Sweden and that a responsible manager could provide an expert interview. The managers from the expert interviews chose one or more staff from reception, restaurant or housekeeping as respondents to the qualitative interviews. The main concepts highlighted are sex-trafficking and CSR. There is a lot of research on sex-trafficking and CSR as two separate terms, but these phenomena set in the same context show that there is a theoretical gap on how sex trafficking can be prevented as part of CSR. In addition to using CSR, there are different certifications and checklists that can facilitate preventative work. However, it is up to the management or managers to implement these working methods to work against sex trafficking. The study shows that the hotels take measures to prevent sex-trafficking, but it is done at different levels and the work is done differently. The results of the study show that the hotels look for different traces in the bookings coming from external channels. These traces help staff identify suspicions even before the guest arrives. The respondents also note that the Swedish law against sex purchases is a protection aspect to act on suspicious cases. Challenges identified by the companies are different types of profiling of guests, lack of education, tacit knowledge, and digitization that takes away the meeting with guests. The hotels highlight that the police and other hotels on the site are an important resource. The results also show that the hotels work with CSR and have local collaborations to prevent sextrafficking.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Khalil Salem Sugui.pdf: 611234 bytes, checksum: acb33e915ebd130a4a5b247dfae3aafc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-12 / This research investigates the value of tacit knowledge in education, especially as regards the teaching practice of portuguese language. For both elucidates the dimensions of both explicit knowledge as implicit knowledge, which is resize when one takes into account empirical and contextual aspects, whose structure builds new epistemological values, sometimes associated with the experience, sometimes articulated with prior knowledge. Indeed, the relevance of this research is due to the current overvaluation of explicit knowledge, which minimizes the importance of other potential gnosiological, such as intuition, and leads to the idea that many lessons are either totally right or totally wrong, deconstructing the principle of relativity and ponderability inherent epistemological act. It is intended, in this thesis, overcome this dualistic view, valuing, coherently, the tacit dimension of knowledge, as well as all other potential presents in this gnosiological plan. Indeed, in relation specifically to the linguistic study, this study is the assumption that every speaker has tacit knowledge of language and cognitive considers that such acquisitions can be used to advantage in the teaching and learning language process. Through a pedagogical look that enhances the personal aspects, and subsidiary tacit knowledge, we explore the importance of timely insight, intuition and discovery in the construction process of human knowledge, strengthening, thus, an organizational structure and articulated in terms the consolidation of skills and competencies consistent with the needs of today's knowledge society. The thesis draws upon theory in studies of Michael Polanyi, which mostly show the importance of tacit knowledge in human epistemological conformation. Other philosophers of science, such as Aristotle, Plato and Progogine are also used, in order to clarify, a dialogical way, the horizons of human knowledge as well as their internal dynamics and gradations. The research within the linguistic study bolsters on studies and concepts developed by Kleiman, Bechara, Chomsky and Van Dijk, seeking, according to these surveys, the values of key scoring tacit knowledge in the construction of linguistic knowledge / Esta pesquisa investiga o valor do conhecimento tácito no ensino, sobretudo no que se refere à prática docente de língua portuguesa. Para tanto, elucida as dimensões tanto dos saberes explícitos quanto dos saberes implícitos, os quais se redimensionam quando se leva em consideração aspectos empíricos e contextuais, cujas tessituras erigem novos valores epistemológicos, ora associados à vivência, ora articulados aos saberes prévios. Com efeito, a relevância dessa pesquisa deve-se à atual supervalorização do conhecimento explícito, que minimiza a importância de outros potenciais gnosiológicos, como a intuição, e conduz à ideia de que numerosas ilações são ou totalmente certas ou totalmente erradas, descaracterizando, desse modo, o princípio de relativização e ponderabilidade inerente ao ato epistemológico. Pretende-se, nessa tese, superar tal visão dualística, valorizando, de maneira coerente, a dimensão tácita do conhecimento, bem como todos os demais potenciais gnosiológicos aliançados a esse plano. Deveras, no que tange especificamente ao estudo linguístico, este estudo parte da suposição de que todo falante detém conhecimentos tácitos da língua e considera que tais aquisições cognitivas podem ser utilizadas com vantagem no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de língua. Mediante um olhar pedagógico que valorize os aspectos pessoais, tácitos e subsidiários do conhecimento, explora-se pontualmente a importância da percepção, da intuição e da descoberta no processo de construção do conhecimento humano, fortalecendo, dessa forma, uma estrutura orgânica e articulada no tocante à consolidação de habilidades e competências coerentes com as necessidades da atual sociedade do conhecimento. A tese respalda-se teoricamente nos estudos de Michael Polanyi, os quais majoritariamente evidenciam a importância do conhecimento tácito na conformação epistemológica humana. Outros filósofos da ciência, como Aristóteles, Platão e Progogine são também utilizados, objetivando clarificar, de modo dialógico, os horizontes do conhecimento, bem como suas gradações e dinâmicas internas. A pesquisa, no âmbito do estudo linguístico, ampara-se nos estudos e conceitos desenvolvidos por Kleiman, Bechara, Chomsky e Van Dijk, procurando, à luz dos princípios investigados em tais pesquisas, pontuar os valores do conhecimento tácito fundamentais na construção do conhecimento linguístico

Lam Hoi-sze Libby. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [108-111]). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; questionnaire in Chinese. / Chapter ´ةŒ --- Introduction / Chapter ´ةŒ --- Study --- p.1 / Chapter - --- Methodology / Chapter - --- Results / Chapter - --- Discussion / Chapter ´ةŒ --- Study --- p.2 / Chapter - --- Methodology / Chapter - --- Results / Chapter - --- Discussion / Chapter ´ةŒ --- General Discussion / Chapter ´ةŒ --- Appendices

A l’heure où l’innovation est ouverte et en réseau, fondée sur l’interconnexion entre différents acteurs, lespetites et moyennes entreprises (PME) ont un rôle de plus en plus important à jouer. Les clusters français,formels (systèmes productifs locaux, pôles de compétitivité etc.) ou informels, ont largement contribué à lacapacité d’innovation des PME en leur permettant de partager des connaissances et compétencesspécifiques dont elles n’auraient pas disposé en restant isolées. La problématique de cette thèse se placedans cette perspective et cherche à apporter un éclairage nouveau sur les maillages interentreprises enmatière d’innovation. Il s’agit plus précisément d’étudier les facteurs déterminant l’innovation des PMEfrançaises, en prenant en compte leurs coopérations au niveau local, régional ou national. Dans cetteperspective, nous développons tout d’abord une grille théorique à partir d’une analyse des approchesthéoriques de l’innovation, enrichie avec des éléments de la géographie proximiste de l’innovation. Celle-ciest ensuite confrontée à des données empiriques, d’abord par une étude menée au niveau régional, qui apermis de caractériser les différents clusters à dominante PME de la région Centre, et ensuite au niveaunational par une analyse économétrique réalisée sur les données de l’enquête Innovation (CIS4) concernantles PME innovantes. Au terme de ce travail de recherche, les résultats montrent que la capacité à innoverdes petites et moyennes entreprises découle d’un processus interne et externe complexe qui, compte tenudes ressources limitées dont les PME disposent, doit s’appuyer sur des systèmes d’innovation efficaces àdifférents niveaux. Les coopérations pour l’innovation des PME, qu’on les observe dans les clustersrégionaux ou au niveau national peuvent participer ainsi à la création d’un écosystème propice àl’innovation. / While innovation is open and based on the networking of different actors, small and medium enterprises(SME) have a rising role to play in this field. French clusters, formal (as local productive systems,competitiveness clusters etc.) and informal, have significantly contributed to the SME innovation capacity byoffering them specific knowledge and skills that they couldn’t acquire if they remained isolated. The mainbody of this thesis is constructed within this perspective and seeks to shed a new light on the inter-enterpriseinnovation linkages. More precisely, the aim is to analyze the determinants of innovation of SMEs taking intoaccount their cooperation for innovation at a local, regional or national level. Within this scope, we develop atheoretical framework based on an analysis of different approaches of innovation, enhanced with elements ofthe geography of innovation proximity. This framework is then verified on empirical data firstly, at a regionallevel by studding different SME clusters of the Center Region and then, at a national level in an econometricstudy based on the survey data of Innovation (CIS4) on innovative SMEs. To conclude, the results show thatSMEs’ capacity to innovate arises from an internal and external complex process that, given the limitedresources of SMEs, should be based on effective innovation systems at different levels. SMEs’ cooperationfor innovation both in regional clusters and in national innovation systems can thus contribute to the creationof an ecosystem that is suitable for innovation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Beatrice M Carola Gropp.pdf: 487473 bytes, checksum: 589849e1e5cb32783ccc44387c2c9de2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-21 / The starting point of this research is a lifelong personal question: how does spontaneous learning occurs in workplaces? To this question follows: Is it possible to assimilate the tacit knowledge sphere in workplaces practices? Aiming to answer those initial questions, the ethnographical approach is presented as a possibility to capture the embedded and non-articulated knowledge among multiple people acting together in workplaces settings. The ethnographical research done on a 11 months field research at a chemical plant located in the area of Campinas, in Brazil, became of historical reference, both as a pioneer ethnographical research done on entrepreneurial context and as a first approach to the nature and presence of communities of practice in workplaces. Theoretical background of this research is based on a literature that emphasizes the situational and experiential nature of learning as proposed by Dewey and other learning in practice authors. The community of practice perspective is based on the early 90´s work of Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger developed at the Institute of Research on Learning in Palo Alto, California. The social and negotiated character of tacit and implicit knowledge of spontaneous learning in action is explored through two problem-situations related to the productive processes occurred during the ethnographical research. The situated character of learning is presented through the participation on a one-month in company course structured to prepare a group of 20 recently hired chemical operators which we attended as regular student. By placing the anthropologist as a research subject and apprentice of a dated and situated productive activity, the ethnographical approach identifies the social organization and the access structure of apprenticeship on the production process, aiming to reach a relational point of view of social determinants that improve or inhibits learning processes in workplaces. Key words: Ethnography, communities of practice, social learning, tacit knowledge / O ponto de partida desta dissertação esta na pergunta que me persegue de longa data: como ocorre a aprendizagem espontânea em ambientes de trabalho? Como corolário indagamos: É possível captar a esfera do conhecimento tácito e implícito atuando na prática do trabalho? Com o objetivo de responder a estas duas perguntas iniciais, a abordagem etnográfica é apresentada como possibilidade de conhecer este conhecimento submerso e não articulado que se constrói entre atores múltiplos desenvolvendo atividades produtivas conjuntas, situações encontradas no contexto empresarial em que a pesquisa se insere. A pesquisa etnográfica de referência histórica efetuada ao longo de 11 meses numa unidade de produção da indústria química localizada nas proximidades de Campinas inclui 62 horas de registros em vídeo, 74 fotos e 35 fitas em áudio, e veio a se constituir em duplo marco: no âmbito da antropologia, esta imersão etnográfica é pioneira no contexto empresarial brasileiro. No universo da aprendizagem organizacional, é datada como a primeira abordagem de comunidades de prática em locais de trabalho. O horizonte teórico está na perspectiva de comunidades de prática tal como desenvolvida nos trabalhos iniciais de Jean Lave e Etienne Wenger junto ao Institute for Research on Learning de Palo Alto, tendo como pano de fundo a noção de experiência e interação propostas por Dewey e outros teóricos que tratam da aprendizagem na prática. O caráter social e negociado entre o tácito e o implícito no processo de aprendizagem espontânea e em ação, é explorado através da análise de duas situações-problema ocorridas no processo de fabricação de uma matéria prima para indústria química, vivenciadas no decorrer da pesquisa etnográfica. O tema da aprendizagem organizacional, onde a prática é considerada fenômeno gerador, tendo como característica a aprendizagem, é abordado através do Curso de Formação de Operadores da Indústria Química do qual participamos como parte integrante da etnografia. Desta situação de aprendizagem formal, extraímos proposições quanto a um modelo de aprendizagem socialmente situada. A pesquisa se insere na corrente dos teóricos da ação que enfatizam a natureza situacional e coletiva da aprendizagem. Ao inserir o sujeito pesquisador e antropólogo atuando como aprendiz de uma atividade produtiva, a abordagem etnográfica identifica a organização social do espaço e a estrutura de acesso do aprendiz no fluxo das atividades de fabricação, procurando extrair um ponto de vista relacional sobre os determinantes sociais que facilitam ou impedem a aprendizagem em locais de trabalho.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A partir da metade do século 20 o recurso meramente material deixou de ser considerado como a maior fonte de riqueza de uma instituição ou sociedade para ceder lugar à superestimação do ativo intelectual. Essa alternância de paradigma provocou no seio corporativo a preocupação de desenvolver estratégias e ferramentas gerenciais que fossem capazes de propiciar um meio oportuno para a geração e socialização do conhecimento organizacional. Na sociedade da nova economia, ancorada na valorização dos recursos intangíveis, o gerenciamento do conhecimento tácito, altamente pessoal e subjetivo, é concebido como importante tática para prover vantagem competitiva à empresa, inclusive àquelas que prestam serviços educacionais, concedendo lhe status de inovação apontada para o futuro. Uma das estratégias sugeridas pela literatura especializada reside na criação de redes de relacionamentos sociais que visem ampliar e potencializar a interação entre os partícipes no processo de compartilhamento de conhecimentos e troca de experiências para a apreensão da aprendizagem social colaborativa. Portanto, buscou-se examinar, nesta pesquisa, por intermédio de um estudo de caso particular, se uma importante e renomada instituição de ensino superior (IES) atuante no segmento de educação a distância online cumpre os fatores idiossincráticos e organizacionais relevantes para a transferência do conhecimento tácito, bem como se propicia aos docentes inseridos na comunidade virtual de professores (CVP) uma ambientação favorável para tal. O presente estudo sustenta-se em farto e consistente aparato bibliográfico sobre (i) conhecimento; (ii) gestão do conhecimento e (iii) redes, comunidades virtuais e novo social learning e objetiva confrontar as inflexões teóricas apresentadas com as análises realizadas quantitativa e qualitativamente dos dados coletados da unidade de amostra selecionada, na tentativa de prover elucidações capazes de satisfazer as hipóteses formuladas na pesquisa. / From the mid 20th century the merely material resource has been no longer considered as the richest source of an institution or society to give way to the overestimation of the intellectual assets. This paradigm alternation caused the corporate within the concern of developing strategies and management tools that were able to provide an appropriate means for the generation and socialization of organizational knowledge. In the "society of the new economy," based on the valuation of intangible assets, the management of tacit knowledge, highly personal and subjective, is designed as an important tactic to provide competitive advantage to the company, including those that provide educational services, giving you innovation status headed to the future. One of the strategies suggested by the literature is to create social networking sites aimed at expanding and increasing the interaction between the participants in the knowledge sharing process and exchange of experiences for the arrest of collaborative social learning. Therefore, we sought to examine in this research through a particular case study, is an important and renowned higher education institution (HEI) active in online distance education segment meets the idiosyncratic and organizational factors relevant to the transfer of tacit knowledge, as well as provides the entered teaching in the virtual community of teachers (VCT) a favorable setting for such. This study is based on plentiful and consistent bibliographic apparatus on (i) knowledge; (ii) knowledge management and (iii) networks, virtual and new social learning and objective communities confront the theoretical inflections presented with analyzes quantitative and qualitative data collected from the selected sample unit in an attempt to provide clarifications able to meet the assumptions made in the research.

<p>Background: Etiquette has become vital in business relationships. In today’s competitive business climate signs indicate that social competence affect whether a business deal is settled or not. This type of competence could be of crucial importance at a first business meeting and it also plays an important role for future business relationships. Business etiquette is therefore, within the world of business, an interesting area to study.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to clarify what knowledge and understanding companies, listed on the Swedish stock exchange, possess towards business etiquette, their viewpoint on etiquette education and finally to ascertain whether or not those companies perceive business etiquette to be pivotal to success.</p><p>Methodology: In order to attain our purpose of this essay we found it most suitable to utilize both a quantitative and qualitative research method. To obtain a deeper understanding, two personal interviews, with professionals within the field of business etiquette, were carried out. A questionnaire was sent out to 100 companies and four personal interviews, with representatives from two different banks, were also conducted.</p><p>Conclusions: We have come to the conclusion that many business deals fail due to lack of appropriate etiquette. According to the respondents, business etiquette could be a suitable tool to achieve success in business. Our analysis shows that business etiquette is a collection of rules where common sense, judgment, humility and respect are important aspects that should pervade conduct toward colleagues and customers. According to our survey, the customer is imperative in business relations and the employees should therefore perform situational in accordance to the customer’s expectations. A conclusion could be drawn that if a company succeeds in offering the customer greater value, in comparison with its competitors, it will give the company a competitive advantage and result in profitability.</p> / <p>Bakgrund: Vett och etikett blir alltmer betydande i affärer. I dagens konkurrenskraftiga företagsklimat tyder allt fler tecken på att social kompetens kan påverka om ett affärsavtal sluts eller inte. Denna typ av kompetens kan vara helt avgörande vid ett första affärsmöte och även återspegla framtida affärsrelationer. Affärsetikett är alltså ett viktigt område i näringslivet, och därför intressant att studera.</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att studera svenska börsbolags kunskap om affärsetikett och deras ställningstagande till utbildning i ämnet. Slutligen vill vi ta reda på om företagen ser affärsetikett som en framgångsfaktor i affärer.</p><p>Metod: För att uppnå vårt syfte valde vi att kombinera en kvantitativ med en kvalitativ ansats. För att öka vår förförståelse utfördes först två djupintervjuer med kunniga i ämnet. En enkät skickades sedan ut till 100 stycken börsbolag och ytterligare fyra personliga intervjuer genomfördes med två svenska banker.</p><p>Slutsatser: Vi har kunnat konstatera att alltför många affärer misslyckas på grund av dålig etikettkunskap. Enligt respondenterna kommer affärsetiketten in som ett lämpligt verktyg för framgång i affärer. Undersökningen visar på att affärsetikett utgör ett regelverk där sunt förnuft, omdöme, ödmjukhet och respekt är viktiga aspekter, som ska genomsyra uppförandet gentemot kollega och kund. Vidare har det framkommit att kunden är det centrala i affärsrelationer och personalens agerande bör därför situationsanpassas efter kundens förväntningar. Slutsatsen som kan dras är att om en organisation lyckas erbjuda kunden ett större värde, jämfört med konkurrenterna, kommer detta ge företaget konkurrensfördel som i längden utmynnar i lönsamhet.</p>

AbstractOur life-experiences and our background form the way we act and the activities we are involved in. The overall purpose in this thesis has been to study what habits are to be found in different activities related to the outdoors and how these habits have been developed. Hopefully this work can contribute to a better understanding of the meaning of habits in our lives and thereby play a part in a further differentiated talk about habits and knowledge in society. The background and my theoretical approach has been three views of habits:In practice these patterns of habits are not separable so this approach should be seen as a way of making the development of habits clearer. Another purpose is to study how the following concepts can be related to habits: Reflection, master-apprentice, epistéme, techne, phronesis, interest and tacit knowledge. These habits and concepts constitute a background against which the results will be analyzed. The result originates from seven interviews with very experienced professionals. From the results of these interviews I have created short stories. This is a narrative method, a qualitative attempt that is built on life histories. In this case intention is to formulate an idea of how the way to different habits and knowledge are formed.The stories, i.e. the result, illustrates that all respondents, in one way or another, are affected by the social habit. The culture and the traditions that exist where you were born and where you live will influence habits, the way people think and what values they have creates circumstances for further development. The habit of action is also clearly described in the stories where experiences are an essential part of creating habits. To this habit of action, reflection must be added, a reflection related to the experienced actions. These reflections can help to develop and refine so new actions and challenges can be made. The stories also demonstrate that the relation master-apprentice develops habits. The apprentice learns from the master but the master also has the opportunity to learn by reflecting over why he or she acts in the way he or she does. The habit of knowledge by epistéme, techne and phronesis is also shown in the results. The dominating knowledge-form in these stories is techne, which can be described as know how. Phronesis, practical wisdom, can also be seen in some stories. The concept of phronesis is a question of doing the right thing at the right time considering3the unique situation thus the concept of phronesis involves an ethic dimension. Within the frames of phronesis signs of tacit knowledge can be seen, where the stories describe a kind of intuitive action. The result also indicates that interest is a major factor for creating habits and therefore interest is important for the development of knowledge.Finally I hope that this thesis can contribute to a deeper knowledge about habits and different kind of knowledge. My work can hopefully lead to a discussion or contribute to differentiation in the discussion about knowledge that is presented in today’s society. This is especially important to discuss in the university world where more and new knowledge is the foundation for development.Word for seeking: Habits, epistemology, forms of knowledge, reflection, master-apprentice, episteme, techne, phronesis, interest, and tacit knowledge.

Syftet med avhandlingen är att granska hur lärarkunskap formuleras och bedöms i verksamhetsförlagd utbildning (VFU) inom svensk lärarutbildning. Utgångspunkten tas i det faktum att lärares yrkeskunskaper under lång tid varit uppdelade och beskrivna som teoretiska och praktiska, till exempel uttryckta som lärares tänkande respektive lärares handlande, eller vad lärare vet och vad lärare kan utföra. Det senaste policydokumentet för svensk lärarutbildning speglar denna uppdelning och poängterar vikten av en integrering av det teoretiska och praktiska under såväl högskoleförlagd utbildning (HFU) som VFU. Därmed finns det policyintentioner kring en mer forskningsgrundad VFU samtidigt som HFU anmodas ta sin utgångspunkt i erfarenhetsgrundad kunskap. Som analysverktyg används ett kunskapsteoretiskt ramverk där lärarkunskap förstås som påståendekunskap eller procedurkunskap och kunskap-för-praktiken (forskningsgrundad) eller kunskap-i-praktiken (erfarenhetsgrundad). I Studie I granskas kunskapsmål, riktade mot VFU, vid sjutton lärarprogram i Sverige. I Studie II och Studie III granskas bedömningssamtal i två olika VFU-kurser vid ett (1) lärarprogram i Sverige. Resultaten från Studie I visar att kunskapsmålen kan förstås som ett mischmasch av lärares påstående- och procedurkunskaper, där procedurkunskaperna dominerar, och kunskapsmålens kunskapsgrunder kan svårligen spåras. I Studie II och Studie III arrangerar lärarutbildarna sina skolbesök och bedömningssamtal på olika sätt vilket påverkar vilka av, och hur, lärarstudenternas kunskaper bedöms. I Studie II besöker lärarutbildarna lärarstudenterna vid deras skolplaceringar men gör inga lektionsobservationer innan bedömningssamtalen. I Studie III görs lektionsobservationer. Resultaten från de båda studierna visar att bedömningssamtalen explicit kännetecknas av en formativ bedömning där lärarstudenternas procedurkunskaper och kunskap-i-praktiken fokuseras. En bedömning av påståendekunskaper och kunskaper-för-praktiken kan svårligen spåras. I Studie III analyseras bedömningen av lärarstudenternas procedurala kunskaper-i-praktiken även med hjälp av ett ramverk av modeller för bedömning av yrkeskunskap. Resultatet visar att bedömningen av lärarstudenternas procedurkunskaper karaktäriseras av en holistisk modell där lärarutbildarna refererar till flera olika omständigheter som påverkar lärarstudenternas handlingar, med koppling till deras egna erfarenhetsgrundade och tysta yrkeskunskaper, snarare än till kursernas formella kunskapsmål. En diskussion förs om frånvaron av kunskap-för-praktiken i VFU i relation till teorier om yrkeskunskap och yrkeslärande. Vidare diskuteras den tydliga närvaron av kunskap-i-praktiken i VFU i relation till teorier om de tysta dimensionerna av yrkeskunskap. / The purpose of the dissertation is to examine how teacher knowledge is formulated and assessed in the school-based education (SBE) in Swedish teacher education. The basis is that teachers’ vocational knowledge has been divided and described as theoretical and practical, i.e., expressed as teachers’ thinking versus their actions, or what teachers know in relation to what they can do. The recent policy document for Swedish teacher education reflects this division and stresses the importance of integrating practice and theory within both university-based education as well as SBE. Thus, the intention of the policy is directed towards a more research-based SBE at the same time the university-based education is proposed to take its starting point in experience-based knowledge. An epistemological analytical tool is used where teacher knowledge is understood as being propositional or procedural, and knowledge-for-practice (research-based) or knowledge-in-practice (experience-based). In Study I the learning objectives directed to SBE in seventeen Swedish teacher education programs are analyzed. In Study II and Study III student-teaching conferences in two different school-based courses at one (1) Swedish teacher education program are studied. The results from Study I show that the learning objectives can be understood as a mishmash of propositional and procedural teacher knowledge, though procedural knowledge dominates, and the learning objectives’ basis of knowledge can hardly be traced. In Study II and Study III the teacher educators’ school visits and the studentteaching conferences are arranged in different ways, and affect what and how student teachers’ knowledge is assessed. In Study II teacher educators visit the student teachers at their school placements without having done any lesson observations prior the student-teaching conferences. In Study III observations are done. The results from these two studies show that the student-teaching conferences are explicitly characterized by formative assessments where student teachers’ procedural knowledge and knowledge-in-practice is emphasized. An assessment of propositional knowledge and knowledge-for-practice can hardly be traced. In Study III the assessment of student teachers’ procedural knowledge-in-practice is also analyzed within a framework of models for assessment of vocational knowledge. The results show that a holistic model characterizes the assessment of student teachers’ procedural knowledge where teacher educators refer to several circumstances that affect student teachers’ vocational actions, according to their experience-based and tacit teacher knowledge, rather than the course’s formal learning objectives. A discussion is held about the absence of knowledge-for-practice in SBE, in relation to theories of vocational knowledge and vocational learning. Furthermore, the clear presence of knowledge-in-practice in SBE is discussed in accordance with theories of the tacit dimensions of vocational knowledge.