Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-20T12:34:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 guilhermegorettirodrigues.pdf: 1376423 bytes, checksum: f0bf6e87d784cb9f96fffe401d62d713 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Favor corrigir educação minúsculo no título on 2017-06-29T12:37:29Z (GMT) / Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-29T13:12:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 guilhermegorettirodrigues.pdf: 1376423 bytes, checksum: f0bf6e87d784cb9f96fffe401d62d713 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-07T21:53:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 guilhermegorettirodrigues.pdf: 1376423 bytes, checksum: f0bf6e87d784cb9f96fffe401d62d713 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-07T21:53:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 guilhermegorettirodrigues.pdf: 1376423 bytes, checksum: f0bf6e87d784cb9f96fffe401d62d713 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T21:53:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 guilhermegorettirodrigues.pdf: 1376423 bytes, checksum: f0bf6e87d784cb9f96fffe401d62d713 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-05 / A pesquisa intitulada “A Educação Quilombola na Comunidade Colônia do Paiol – Bias Fortes (MG)” parte do interesse em compreender como vem sendo pensada e executada a educação na Escola Municipal Prefeito Joaquim Ribeiro de Paula, localizada na Colônia do Paiol, e sua relação com a comunidade entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. Atualmente, diversas são as políticas públicas voltadas para as comunidades quilombolas, muito embora os desafios se multipliquem na forma de acessá-las. Uma destas políticas volta-se exclusivamente para a educação escolar, através da Resolução n°8, de 20 de novembro de 2012 que estabelece as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Escolar Quilombola na escola básica. Entretanto, essa Diretriz ainda não é reconhecida e incorporada pelo município de Bias Fortes-MG, tanto na proposta pedagógica para a escola, quanto no Plano Decenal Municipal de Educação (PME). Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender como se estabelece a Educação Quilombola na Escola Municipal Prefeito Joaquim Ribeiro de Paula, as práticas escolares e não escolares desenvolvidas pelos sujeitos da escola e a forma pela qual o município executa suas políticas educacionais. Concomitantemente, abordar outros temas transversais e inerentes, como a questão da luta histórica pelo território da Colônia do Paiol e como a Educação Quilombola se estabelece como mecanismo de reivindicação e empoderamento para além da comunidade. Utilizou-se como metodologia a Pesquisa Participante, em que pesquisador e grupo social estudado adquirem uma posição mútua de estar educando e sendo educado a todo o momento, além de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, análise documental e oralidades dos sujeitos. Esta pesquisa permite concluir, ao longo do período analisado, a forma como a comunidade vem repensando a escola e problematizando a condução da política municipal, tornando-se protagonista nas decisões que envolvem os seus interesses. / The Research titled “The Quilombola Education in the Colônia do Paiol Community – Bias Fortes (MG)” goes from the interest in understand how the education in the Municipal School Prefeito Joaquim Ribeiro de Paula is being though and executed, in Colônia do Paiol, and its relationship with the community between the years of 2015 and 2016. Nowadays, many are the public policies towards quilombola’s communities, although the challenges multiply themselves in the way of evaluate them. One of those policies turns exclusively to schooling education, through the Resolution number 8, of November 20TH 2012, which establishes the National Curricular Guidelines to the Quilombola Schooling in basic education. However, this Guideline still isn’t recognized and incorporated by the city Bias Fortes – MG, neither in the pedagogic proposal nor in the Deccenial Municipal Education Plan (MEP). Therefore, the aim of this research is to understand how the The Quilombola Education in the Colônia do Paiol Community is established, the schooling and not schooling practices developed by subjects of the school and the manner by which the city executes its educational policies. Concomitantly, this research also aims to approach other transversal and inherent themes, like the matter of the historical fight for the territory of the Colônia do Paiol and how the Quilombola Education establishes itself as a way of claiming and empowering for beyond the community. It was used the Participant Search as methodology, in which the researcher and the studied social group acquire a mutual position of teaching and being taught all the time, as well as semi-structured interviews, documental analysis and subject’s orality. This research allows to conclude, during the period of time analyzed, how the community has been rethinking and problematizing the conduction of the municipal policy, becoming the protagonist in the decisions that involve its interests.

Orientador: Samuel Frederico / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T23:58:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_RodrigoCavalcanti_M.pdf: 4712267 bytes, checksum: aa2f8160acb00fa229ac7c2e42b2632c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a regulação do circuito espacial produtivo dos pequenos produtores do município de Patrocínio (MG). Parte-se da hipótese que a produção do café do Comércio Justo pode atenuar a vulnerabilidade a que os produtores de café commodity estão fortemente submetidos. Porém, à medida que as grandes empresas de torrefação e moagem têm se apropriado do mercado do Comércio Justo, principalmente, a partir da última década, esse tem se comportado novamente como uma commodity. Originalmente, a produção do Comércio Justo assumiu características de uma espécie de anticommodity, devido à diferenciação qualitativa do produto e ao acesso privilegiado a determinados nichos de mercado. No entanto, a padronização estabelecida pelas empresas certificadoras tem promovido uma recommoditização da produção, ao permitir que as grandes empresas do comércio e de torrefação substituam os fornecedores, acabando com a identidade dos produtores. A presente pesquisa propõe analisar, no caso dos pequenos produtores do município de Patrocínio (MG), vinculados a Associação dos Pequenos Produtores do Cerrado (APPCER), como a produção do café do Comércio Justo, conjuntamente com a certificação FLO-Cert, promove ou não uma descommoditização da produção cafeeira, permitindo formas alternativas de inserção dos pequenos produtores nos mercados nacional e internacional / Abstract: This study aims to analyze the productive spatial circuit of the small producers in the municipality of Patrocínio/MG. It is assumed that the production of fair trade coffee can mitigate the vulnerability that coffee commodity producers are heavily subjected. However, as large companies of roasting and grinding have appropriate fair trade market, mainly, from the last decade, this has behaved again as a commodity. Originally, production of fair trade took on characteristics of a species of anticommodity, due to the qualitative differentiation of product and the privileged access to certain market niches. However, the standardization established by the certification companies have promoted a recommoditization of production, by allowing large companies trading and roasting replace suppliers, ending with the identity of the producers. This research proposes to examine, in the case of small producers of the municipality of Patrocinio (MG), linked to the Associação dos Pequenos Produtores do Cerrado (APPCER), as the production of fair trade coffee, together with FLO-Cert, promotes or is not a de-commoditization of coffee production, allowing alternative forms of integration of small producers in the national and international markets / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

Orientador: Adriana Maria Bernardes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T13:37:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pasti_AndreBuonani_M.pdf: 9971086 bytes, checksum: b34a0724e3163eba2127df705c65fe00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: As agências transnacionais de notícias surgiram no século XIX e, desde então, operam como "atacadistas" globais de notícias e comandam os fluxos de informações noticiosas pelo mundo. Com a reorganização da divisão do trabalho informacional no atual período, houve uma adaptação das agências transnacionais e um aumento do uso de suas informações nos círculos de notícias no território brasileiro. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho pretende contribuir na análise, a partir do território usado, das hierarquias dessas redes informacionais e das transformações e permanências na histórica centralização do comando dos círculos de informação. Para tanto, analisamos o status da variável informação e os usos atuais do território, realizamos uma investigação da gênese e expansão das redes dessas agências, uma análise mais detida dessa dinâmica no período da globalização e uma problematização das repercussões do comando dos círculos informacionais por essas agências para a reorganização do território brasileiro, sobretudo a partir dos eventos, da psicosfera e da noção de alienação do território / Abstract: The transnational news agencies were created in the nineteenth century and, since then, they operate as global news "wholesalers" and perform a command on global news flows. The reorganization of the informational labor division, in the present period, caused an adaptation of transnational news agencies and an increase in the use of their information in news circles in Brazil. In such sense, the present work aims to contribute to the analysis, from the used territory, of the hierarchies of these information networks, and of the transformations and continuities in historical centralization of command of these information flows. Therefore, we analyzed the status of information and the current uses of the territory; we conducted an investigation of the genesis and expansion of the networks of these agencies; we studied its dynamic in the period of globalization and we problematized the implications of the command of the information circles for the reorganization of the Brazilian territory, especially since the events, the psychosphere and the notion of alienation of the territory / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

Orientador: Marcio Antonio Cataia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T02:18:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gallo_Fabricio_D.pdf: 3321850 bytes, checksum: cacf4aa52c17882d6c3e172fb77ef96f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A evolução do federalismo brasileiro (fruto da influência e do poder das elites oligárquicas, dos diferentes textos constitucionais elaborados e das políticas de arrecadação de impostos) aponta uma das formas de como o Estado brasileiro usa o território para efetivar o exercício do poder. No país, este uso se realiza por meio da imposição de normas que regulam e geram tensões entre os entes, sendo que os mecanismos de distribuição e de redistribuição de recursos entre os entes federados adquirem grande importância por permitirem uma maior ou menor autonomia na administração pública. Sendo os entes federados portadores de poder legiferante desde a Constituição de 1988, estão sempre em tensão e novos arranjos políticos entre eles sempre ocorre tendo em vista que os orçamentos municipais (principalmente nas pequenas e médias municipalidades) são limitados, tornando-os dependentes das transferências dos estados-membros e, principalmente, da União. A análise das transferências através de Convênios federais aponta que parcelas do território recebem mais recursos do que outras proporcionando, assim, uma difusão seletiva do meio técnico-científico-informacional no território / Abstract: The evolution of Brazilian federalism (result of the influence and power of oligarchic elites, the different constitutional texts made and policies designed to collect taxes) shows one of the forms of how the Brazilian government uses the territory to effect the exercise of power. In the country, this use takes place by the imposition of rules that regulate and create tension among the entities, and mechanisms of distribution and redistribution of resources among federal agencies acquire great importance because they allow a bigger or lesser autonomy in public administration. Being the federal agencies holders of legislating power since the Constitution of 1988, they are always in tension and new political arrangements among them are always given, regarding that municipal budgets (especially in small and medium municipalities) are limited making them dependent on transfers from member states and, particularly, the Union. The analysis of transfers through federal Covenants indicates that portions of land receive more resources than others, therefore providing a selective diffusion of the technicalscientific- informational territory / Doutorado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Doutor em Geografia

Esta tese buscou a composição de um modelo regional de ocupação Guarani no litoral de Jaguaruna, sul de Santa Catarina, em vias de entender os processos histórico-culturais que compõem o sistema de assentamento. Através de uma abordagem intra/intersítio articulamos questões que envolvem os espaços habitacionais e problemas regionais que engloba diferentes estratégias de assentamento dos grupos Guarani na paisagem e a articulação entre as diferentes áreas de assentamento. Com isto, é possível abordar discussões sobre a organização social, economia regional, função de sítio, território e estratégias de assentamento. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a pesquisa envolve a articulação de dados arqueológicos, etnohistóricos e etnográficos sobre as ocupações Guarani no período pré e pós colonial, assim como trabalhos exaustivos de caracterização tipológica dos vestígios materiais. Neste sentido, buscamos uma arqueologia Guarani que articula diferentes fontes para compor uma narrativa sobre a história e a organização social em diferentes escalas culturais. Inferimos também sobre os aspectos de abandono do território de domínio Guarani, fator causado, em parte, pelas ações de violência, escravização e etnocídio indígena, fatos estes comumente descritos na literatura histórica do Brasil colonial. Por fim, apresentamos uma discussão sobre processos de expansão territorial da cultura Guarani em diferentes vias de acesso da serra ao litoral sul do Brasil. / This Thesis seeks the composition of a Guarani regional occupation model at the Jaguaruna boarder, southern of Santa Catarina, for comprehend the historic-cultural process that compound the settlement system. Through an intra/inter site approach, we articulated questions that involve the household spaces and regional problems that encompass different strategies of the Guarani occupation on the landscape and the articulation among the different settlement areas. On this way, it\'s possible to approach discussions about the social organization, regional economy, site function, territory and settlement strategies. From a methodological point of view, the research involves the archaeological, ethnohistorical and ethnographical articulation about the Guarani occupation during the pre and post colonial period, as an exhausting work for the typological characterization of the archaeological remains. Considering this, we seek a Guarani archaeology that joint different sources to compound a narrative about the history and regional occupation in different cultural scales. We also inferred about the abandonment aspects of the Guarani territory dominium, which would have be caused, in part, due to the violence actions, slavery and indigenous ethnocide, facts that are commonly described in the historical colonial Brazilian literature. Finally, we aim to think about the territorial expansion processes of the Guarani culture in different ways, especially from the mountain range side to the southern coast side of Brazil.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2014-12-03T21:31:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 População em situação de rua - território como lugar de trabalho em saúde.pdf: 2124427 bytes, checksum: 72c1c739f5597976047f8cfef87b61cb (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T21:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 População em situação de rua - território como lugar de trabalho em saúde.pdf: 2124427 bytes, checksum: 72c1c739f5597976047f8cfef87b61cb (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-28 / Sem bolsa / O presente estudo teve por objetivo conhecer a percepção das pessoas que vivem/viveram o processo de situação de rua sobre o cuidado oferecido pelos profissionais de saúde que trabalham/trabalharam nos seus territórios da rua. Foi utilizado como Referencial Teórico a produção teórica de Schuch, Gaboriau, Kasper e Magni, entre outros sobre população de rua. Em relação a território e saúde os autores que auxiliaram foram Guattari, Raffestin, Lancetti, Monken; Barcellos e Haesbaert. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, parte do Trabalho “Perfil dos usuários de crack e padrões de uso” aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Pelotas sob o n°301/2011. Foram entrevistados quatro participantes, em outubro de 2013, que estavam/estiveram em situação de rua. Foi realizada análise temática dos dados, apresentada em dois temas:“Vidas nos territórios da rua” e “Encontros e desencontros com o cuidado à saúde da população que vive nos territórios da rua”. Os participantes foram dois homens, duas mulheres, com idade de 30 a 55 anos, uma aposentada e os outros tinham trabalhos informais. Uns faziam uso de álcool, tabaco, crack e outras drogas, alguns foram viver na rua por causa de elos familiares rompidos por uso abusivo de drogas, e outros por dificuldades na relação familiar. No tema 1 falaram das dificuldades diárias, como frio, fome, maus tratos de alguns policiais, preconceito da sociedade e também sobre a rede de apoio que receberam de “padrinhos” (moradores ou donos de comércio, grupos religiosos e profissionais de saúde). Falaram das amizades e das pessoas que conheceram na rua, que presenciaram algumas discussões pontuais entre as pessoas em situação de rua, mas assistiam com maior frequência ações de solidariedade entre as pessoas que vivem na rua. No Tema 2 observou-se que alguns deles tinham e têm sérios problemas de saúde e que foram acompanhados em alguns momentos pelas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município, pelo Pronto Socorro municipal e pelo Serviço Municipal de Redução de Danos. Observou-se ainda, que o cuidado estava centrado no apoio e na disponibilidade de alguns agentes redutores de danos, ou de profissionais de saúde que atendiam as suas necessidades. Não parece haver uma rede efetiva e contínua de organização de política pública de saúde e de trabalho para atender as necessidades de saúde das pessoas em situação de rua. É preciso que sejam retomadas discussões acerca das reais necessidades das pessoas que se encontram em situação de rua no município, que as políticas possam contemplar uma atenção de qualidade, de modo contínuo e não pontual, de prevenção de agravos, de tratamento de saúde quando necessário, com profissionais que tenham perfil para o trabalho no território da rua, que saibam reconhecer as suas vulnerabilidades e que sejam comprometidos com a vida e com a cidadania, independente dos territórios onde ela esteja presente. / This study aimed to know the perception of people who live/lived the process of homelessness on the care provided by health professionals who work/worked in their territories. Was used as a Theoretical reference the theoretical production Schuch, Gaboriau, Kasper and Magni, among others on the street population. Regarding the concept of territory and health, the authors who helped were Guattari, Raffestin, Lancetti, Monken; Barcellos and Haesbaert. This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which is part of the research “Profile of crack users and usage patterns” approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas under No.301/2011. Were interviewed four participants who were on the streets during the month of October of the year 2013. Was made a thematic analysis of the data, exposed by two subjects: 1 Theme “Lives in the territories of the street” and Theme 2 “Encouter and mismatchs with the health care of the population living in the territories of the street”. The participants were two men and two women, aged 30-55 years, one was retired and the others had informal jobs. Some used alcohol, tobacco, crack and other drugs, some were living on the streets as a result of family ties broken because of drug abuse, and other, difficulties in family relationships. In theme 1 they talked about the daily difficulties, as cold, hunger, mistreatment of some police officers, social prejudice and also on the network of support they received from “sponsors” (residents or owners of trade, religious groups and health professionals). Spoke of the friendships and the people who knew while living on the street, who witnessed some specific discussions among people living on the streets, but most frequently watched actions of solidarity between the people living on the street. In Topic 2 we observed that some of them had and have serious health problems and were accompanied at times by the Basic Health Units of the municipality, the Municipal Emergency Municipal Services and the Harm Reduction. It was also noted that care was centered on the support and the availability of some harm reduction agents or other health professionals who that met their needs when was necessary. Seems not to exist an effective and continuous network of organization of public health policies and working to meet the health needs of people living on the streets It must be resumed discussions on the real needs of people who are on the streets in the city, that policies can include highquality care, continuously and non-point, of disease prevention, health treatment when needed with professionals who have the profile to work in the territory of the street, who knows how to recognize their vulnerabilities and are committed with the life and with the citizenship, regardless of the territories where it is present.

Ce travail cherche à interroger la place occupée par les systèmes de drainage dans le développement urbain au Brésil. Négligées dans l’aménagement de la région métropolitaine de Recife, les eaux pluviales ont longtemps été traitées exclusivement dans le champ sectoriel de l’eau et envisagées comme des contraintes à surmonter. Dans le bassin du fleuve Beberibe, ces postures sont à l’origine d’un cadre territorial où le mauvais drainage se conjugue à la pauvreté, à la précarité de l’habitat et aux risques. La faillite des approches sectorielles a conduit à une révision des principes guidant le drainage urbain. Celle-ci prend en compte l’intégration intersectorielle, la complexité des territoires et la participation des citadins à la planification et à la gestion urbaines. Cette analyse renvoie à une tendance globale de rapprochement des interventions d’aménagement et d’assainissement, d’où émergent les notions d’assainissement environnemental et de développement durable du drainage urbain. L’étude suit une approche diachronique, montrant l’évolution des pensées et des actions, et synchronique, mettant en lumière l’interconnexion entre les initiatives de gestion de l’eau. Ainsi, l’observation de trois expériences métropolitaines dévoile des particularités du cas brésilien. L'expression « eau-urbanisation » est utilisée dans cette thèse pour décrire l'interaction entre les aspects sectoriels de l’eau et la perspective d’aménagement territorial. Dans un cadre normatif inachevé et vu du double défi national d’améliorer les aspects quantitatifs et qualitatifs de la gestion de l’eau, cette idée demeure encore à l’état d’utopie. / This dissertation questions the underplaying of drainage systems in the urban development in Brazil. Neglected by the territorial planning system of the Recife Metropolitan Region, the stormwater was for a long time considered only by the hydrical and sanitation point of view and seen only as obstacle to be surmounted. In the Beberibe River Basin, such attitudes created a condition in which inadequate drainage is associated to poor living conditions, leading communities to live in a risk situation. The failures of biased urban policies are provoking a reassessment of the principles which guided urban drainage. Such reassessment is creating a view which recognizes the inter-sectorial integration, the complexity of the territories and the community participation in the decision-making process of planning and urban management. This analysis points to a process which follows a world trend of bringing together urban planning and sanitation programs, from which the notion of environmental sanitation and sustainable development of urban drainage emerges. This study follows two approaches: one diachronic, which demonstrate the history of thoughts and actions, and another synchronic, which reveals the interconnection between the water management initiatives. Therefore, the study of three experiences in the metropolitan Region of Recife reveals the particularities of the Brazilian case. The term "water-urbanization" is used in this dissertation to describe the interaction between the stormwater management and the spatial planning perspective. In an incomplete regulatory framework and considering the national challenge to improve the extent and the quality of the water management, such idea reveals itself as a utopia.

Développée dès la fin des années 1960 en France à partir de l’application des principes de la prospective, issus des travaux du philosophe Gaston Berger, à l’aménagement du territoire, la prospective territoriale fait aujourd’hui l’objet de nombreuses démarches tant au niveau étatique qu’au niveau des collectivités territoriales. Cette recherche propose d’interroger le sens des pratiques hétérogènes auxquelles elle a donné lieu, et entreprend pour ce faire de dénaturaliser la prospective devenue, au gré de ses différentes traductions dans les mécanismes de la décision publique, un « objet » aux contours imprécis. Nous proposons d’appréhender la prospective, d’abord présentée par Berger comme une « technique rationnelle » œuvrant à rendre l’action efficace pour l’homme, comme un « instrument de gouvernementalité » ou encore un « instrument d’action publique » producteur de normes (et en particulier de normes territoriales), ainsi que de mettre en exergue les conséquences des métamorphoses de la régulation politique sur l’état de cet « instrument prospective » et ses effets. En tant que rationalité cognitive (mode de connaissance du territoire), la prospective territoriale semble d’une part opérer un retour à la question anthropologique : elle se fait sociétale, toujours plus attentive aux pratiques spatiales. En tant que rationalité politique (mode d’administration de l’institution et du territoire), ses démarches deviennent d’autre part le lieu d’une mise à l’épreuve des catégories démocratiques encore liées à l’idéal moderne du territoire. Il appert ainsi que l’examen des dispositifs de prospective territoriale présente un intérêt pour l’analyse de la dimension spatiale de l’action politique, comme pour celle des modalités évolutives de l’action publique. / Territorial Foresight Studies, developed in France at the end of the 1960s based on the application of philosopher Gaston Berger’s work to territorial management, has today become an area for numerous approaches at the state level as well as at the level of regional and local authorities. This thesis proposes to question the meaning of the heterogeneous practices to which it has given rise, and undertake, to that end, to denaturalize Foresight Studies which have become, in their various translations into the mechanisms of public decision, an “object” of imprecise outline. We propose to understand Foresight Studies, first presented by Berger as a “rational technique” working to render action effective for Man, as an “instrument of governmentality”, or again, an “instrument of public action” productive of norms (and in particular territorial norms), as well as to underline the consequences of the metamorphoses in political regulation on the state of this “foresight tool” and its effects. As a cognitive rationality (a mode of knowledge about territory), territorial foresight appears, on the one hand, to prepare for a return to the anthropological question: it becomes societal, ever more attentive to spatial practices; yet as political rationality (a mode of institutional and territorial administration), its approaches become, on the other hand, the site at which are tested democratic categories still tied to the modern ideal of territory. Evidently, the examination of apparatuses of territorial foresight are of interest for the analysis of the spatial dimension of political action, as well as for the evolutionary modalities of public action.

La frontière est aujourd’hui l’objet de toutes les attentions. Aussi bien en Europe où la question de l’ouverture et de l’intégration semblait complètement réglée avec les accords SCHENGEN, qu’en Afrique de l’Ouest où l’intégration se construit, la crise des migrations vient rappeler combien ces objets géographiques et institutionnels divisent ou connectent des espaces. La problématique de cette thèse a été d’étudier les dynamiques qui transcendent la frontière et qui participent à une création territoriale transfrontalière. La ville et la frontière sont des objets d’étude de la géographie et de l’aménagement territorial qui se révèlent d’une grande pertinence dans la compréhension des systèmes territoriaux transfrontaliers ouest africains actuels. Les liens socioculturels, les coopérations informelles ou clientélistes entre les acteurs locaux d’une part, le commerce transfrontalier, les mobilités transfrontalières quotidiennes d’autre part, sont, entre autres, les fondamentaux du fonctionnement de ce système transfrontalier. Les villes, notamment frontalières sont porteuses de cette dynamique. Elles émettent, reçoivent et font transiter les flux. Ce sont les lieux où se nouent et s’interconnectent les réseaux. Ces éléments s’intègrent de plus en plus dans les projets de coopération transfrontalière constituant ainsi une forme de territorialisation par le bas. Les politiques institutionnelles (intégration régionale, décentralisation, politiques frontalières) influent de façon mitigée sur le renforcement de ces processus locaux. Mais les enjeux de sécurité renforcent la situation de certaines zones frontières devenant ainsi pleinement des espaces de refuge. / The borders are becoming the subject of recent attentions in the world. In Europe the issue of openness and integration seemed completely solved with Schengen agreement. But, migrant crisis recalled the need of borders controls. In West Africa, integration is building. The problem of migration reminds how border, a geographic, political and institutional subject, can divide or connect spaces. This thesis studied the dynamics that transcend the borders and that participate in cross-border territorial creation. It has proven that towns and borders become more relevant in geography and spatial planning to understand cross-border territorial systems. The socio-cultural relationship, informal cooperation between local actors, the cross-border trade and the daily cross-border migration are the fundamentals of this transboundary system. Border towns are carriers of this dynamic by creating nodes of networks and by interconnecting spaces. They emit, receive and make transit cross-border flows. Local cross-border cooperation’s initiatives observed in West Africa are based on these elements. So, these cross-borders cooperations constitute a form of bottom up territorialisation. The thesis also shows that institutional policies (regional integration, decentralization, national border policies) have mixed responses on strengthening borders processes. However, security issues reinforce the situation in some border areas becoming fully refuge spaces.

Cette recherche que nous proposons de conduire s’interroge sur la manière dont les Grecs organisaient la défense de leur territoire en prenant le cas de deux régions : la Messénie et la Laconie. Il s’agit de comparer deux régions voisines dont l’histoire est intimement liée, dont les peuples sont proches culturellement, mais aussi presque constamment en conflit. Nous montrons comment était organisée la défense de ces deux régions durant la période de domination de la Laconie sur la Messénie aux époques archaïque et classique. Puis nous étudions leur évolution séparée après que la Messénie ait été libérée. Cette recherche pose la question de la manière dont on s’approprie un territoire par la guerre, dont on assure sa défense à la fois contre l’agression venant de l’extérieur, mais aussi de l’intérieur. On s’interroge sur le sentiment d’appartenance à un territoire, sur la manière dont il est perçu ; mais aussi l’identité d’un peuple, ici les Messéniens qui, après une longue période de domination, réinvente son passé pour revendiquer la possession de son territoire. Pour cette recherche, nous utilisons les sources littéraires et les sources archéologiques que sont les fortifications. Celles-ci n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’étude historique pour la Messénie et la Laconie. Les fortifications sont devenues indispensables pour l’étude historique d’une région en Grèce antique, car elles portent en elles les traces de l’existence d’un site de sa naissance à son abandon, et elles nous offrent des informations qui souvent ne trouvent pas leur traduction dans les sources littéraires. / This study aims to provide an inventory of knowledge about fortifications and and the development of defensive policies in the southern Peloponnese, from the mid-6th to the mid-2nd century BC. It is composed of a catalog of Fortifications known in this region (volume II) and a synthesis (volume I) of the development of fortifications and the defense of the cities.