Excursions are an organizational form of teaching that is relatively often neglected in today's schools. Excursions are very important in education of pupils on grammer and secondary schools, because it allows to combine the knowledge of pupils gained during theoretical lessons in school with practical demonstrations of items, processes and relationships among objects in the terrain. Pupils are better acquainted with the required curriculum and more effectively fulfill the predetermined educational target. This diploma thesis introduces an example of such an excursion into the Krčský les area. In the theoretical part of this diploma thesis are summarized basic didactic aspects related to organizational forms of teaching, excursions, teaching methods and Framework Education Programmes. There are also chracteristics of the Krčský les area focused mainly on the natural conditions, specifically on geological, hydrological, botanical and zoological aspects. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to the protection of the nature the into Krčský les area. The practical part of the diploma thesis is focused on the preparation of specific excursion into Krčský les area and the creation of worksheets for the excursion. The excursion was realized and subsequently evaluated in the last chapter of...

The diploma thesis deals with the theme of the cooperation of selected secondary schools with memory institutions. In its theoretical part it defines memory institutions and sets them into legislative, historical and didactic context, as well as it concerns with organisational forms of teaching with the focus on the excursion, and teaching methods and methods used in programmes of memory institutions. The practical part familiarises with the research made by a questionnaire survey in selected secondary schools in Prague providing "maturita" graduation and with its results. The aim of this research was to realize if and how the cooperation with memory institutions is used at schools and how teachers and students perceive its benefit. The survey was accomplished in ten Prague schools. The sample was both in terms of quantity and course of study unrepresentative, but we can consider the research as beneficial. Almost half of participating teachers use the cooperation with memory institutions during lessons. Those, who not, often see the benefit of the cooperation for other courses than for their own courses. Students of all schools participating in the survey have the opportunity to take part in excursions to memory institutions during their lessons - the most often to museums and galleries. Two...

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om individer med bakgrund av upprepade fotledsstukningar har sämre balans och styrka jämfört med individer som har friska fotleder, samt om det skiljer sig i balans och styrka mellan dominant och icke-dominant fot. Författarnas hypotes är att kronisk instabilitet i fotleden är vanligt förekommande bland kvinnliga fotbolls- och basketspelare som lidit av upprepade fotledsstukningar under sin karriär. Följande tre frågeställningar undersöktes: (1) Har en individ med bakgrund av upprepade stukningar sämre resultat i balanstestet SEBT, jämfört med en individ utan tidigare fotledsproblem? (2) Har en individ med bakgrund av upprepade stukningar lägre styrka, jämfört med en individ utan tidigare fotledsproblem, i ett plantarflexionstest? (3) Skiljer sig resultaten i balans- och styrketestet mellan den dominanta- och den icke-dominanta foten? Metod: Balansförmågan testades genom att mäta räckvidden i en modifierad version av Star Excursion Balance Test. Styrkan uppskattades i ett kvalitativt plantarflexionstest där antal repetitioner räknades. Statistisk analys i STATISTICA genomfördes med ANOVA och students oberoende t-test. Testgruppen (n=10) bestod av individer som tidigare drabbats av upprepade stukningar och kontrollgruppen (n=5) bestod av individer med friska fotleder. Resultat: BI balanstestet visade ingefanns en signifikant skillnad mellan testgrupp och kontrollgrupp för dominant fot respektive icke dominant fot i riktningarna anterior,  och posteromedial och posterolateral (p<>0,05) samt för icke-dominant fot i riktningen posteromedial. Dock fanns ingen signifikant skillnad för den dominanta foten i riktningen posterolateral (p>0,5) samt för den icke-dominanta foten i riktningarna anterior och posterolateral. Resultatet för styrketestet visade inge på en signifikant skillnad mellan testgrupp och kontrollgrupp för både den dominanta och den icke-dominanta foten (p<>0,05). Det förekom ingen signifikant skillnad (p>0,5) i styrketestet eller i någon av riktningarna i balanstestet mellan den dominanta och den icke-dominanta foten för varken testgruppen eller kontrollgruppen. Resultatet visar på att SEBT i riktningen posteromedial, samt styrketestet på den dominanta foten är de mest relevanta testerna för framtida försök. Slutsats: (1) Fler testdeltagare i testgrupp och kontrollgrupp hade möjligtvis kunnat visa ettmer representativt resultat. En individ med bakgrund av upprepade stukningar har signifikant sämre resultat i balanstestet SEBT jämfört med en frisk fot i riktningarna anterior och posteromedial. (2) En individ med bakgrund av upprepade stukningar havisarrinte på ett signifikant sämre resultat i balanstestet SEBT ochett plantarflexionstest, jämfört med en individ med en frisk fot.i riktningarna anterior och posteromedial. En individ med bakgrund av upprepade stukningar har signifikant sämre resultat än en individ utan tidigare problem i ett plantarflexionstest. (3) Det är ingen signifikant skillnad mellan den dominanta foten och den icke-dominanta i resultaten för balans- eller styrketestet.

Psykisk ohälsa är det vanligaste hälsoproblemet i Sverige och framför allt bland unga. Det är alarmerande siffror som ses öka. Brist på regelbunden återhämtning kan vara en orsak och leda till psykisk ohälsa och utmattning.Vårt ursprung nära naturen påverkar oss även idag och i skogen finns många hälsofördelar att hämta. Där får hjärnan vila från alla intryck vi dagligen utsätts för och vi kan få känna lugn och ro.Denna studie undersökte om och hur korta skogsvistelser påverkar välmående. 10 deltagare fick göra korta skogsvistelser och besvara enkäter före och efter skogsvistelsen för att skatta olika aspekter på välmående. Studien visade att korta skogsvistelser hade en momentan positiv effekt på alla efterfrågade aspekter. Efter 15 min i skogen kände deltagarna sig mer avspända, glada, harmoniska lugna och klartänkta än innan. Långtidseffekter sågs främst på koncentrationsförmåga. Samtliga deltagare uppger att de har fått ett förbättrat välmående efter sina skogsvistelser och åtta av tio uppger ett förbättrat välmående efter studien.

This diploma thesis deals with the topic of phylum cnidaria as it is being taught in biology classes at primary schools and grammar schools. This work is divided into three parts. The first part deals the position of the topic of phylum cnidaria among curricular documents. It states its classification in the Czech Framework education programme (for Elementary Education) and some chosen School Education Programme. Furthermore, this part analyses the topic as it is written in biology class books, with the clause by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. Representatives of phylum cnidaria that are mentioned in biology class books are characterised more thoroughly within the scope of the analysis. The second part of the thesis deals with the teaching methods and forms that are used in teaching biology the most frequently and the questionnaire research that tells us which forms and methods are being used the most by teachers to teach about phylum cnidaria and what specific activities they employ in class. The last part of the thesis consists of suggestions for practical activities for teaching the topic of phylum cnidarian inspired by the results of the survey and a description of educational excursion to the World of Jellyfish aquarium with 6th grade pupils. KEYWORDS phylum...

The approach to teaching zoology in Framework of the education programme for lower secondary schools is analysed in this master's thesis. In the thesis, the particularities of active teaching methods, which are currently preferred in modern education, are described. In the theoretical part, the activities which might be used in the lessons of zoology were suggested. The activities are in accordance with the Framework of the education programme for primary and lower secondary schools. The objective is to develop pupil's key competences such as cooperation in groups, formation of student's attitudes and opinions, consolidation of working processes and development of fantasy. The outlines of lessons are focused on recognition of animals living in the Czech Republic. It is emphasized that pupils should be in contacts with animals in the wild nature which they learn theoretically at school about. Suggestions for organising excursions are aimed at certain type of animals. The goal is to motivate pupils to explore the nature. We suppose the more knowledge about nature we have, the more protection to the nature we are able to provide. I would like to mention that teaching goal of zoology at lower secondary school is to be familiar with specific animal species. This definite goal is often underestimated and...

The diploma thesis is focused on the didactic use of the educational trail through the Elbe Valley for students of the 2nd grade of elementary school. The main goal of the thesis was to create a topic for the practical use of the existing educational trail through the Elbe Valley and at the same time to prove that excursion as an organizational form of teaching is thanks to its versatility an effective tool in the process of education and despite many difficulties to implement it it is worth the effort. The theoretical part includes the characteristics of the educational trail and its surroundings, the purpose, function and organization of the excursion and the inclusion of the science excursion in the Framework Educational Programmes of Basic Education. The second part of the thesis is a research - it contains a description of the author's worksheet and testing methods, i.e. pretest/posttest and attitude questionnaire. These were used on a pilot group of elementary school students participating in the excursion. The results of the survey show that the excursion can be perceived as an effective and at the same time popular form of teaching, through which it is possible to increase the effectiveness of teaching science at elementary school. Their validity is affected by a small number of...

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью изучения региональной культуры, позволяющей повысить эффективность преподавания русского языка как иностранного, увеличить мотивацию обучающихся; используемый креативный подход с учетом принципов речевой деятельности помогает при решении коммуникативных задач, с которыми студент встречается в повседневной жизни. Предлагаемый проект учебно-методического пособия отвечает требованиям эффективности образовательных программ в преподавании РКИ. Цель научного исследования заключается в создании учебно-методической разработки по РКИ для иностранных студентов, имеющих уровень русского языка А2-В1(базовый и первый сертификационные уровни). Объектом исследования является методический аспект изучения региональной культуры. Предметом исследования является система методических заданий и упражнений, способствующих развитию видов речевой деятельности. Для достижения поставленной цели были сформулированы следующие задачи исследования: изучить теоретико-методологические основы обучения разных видов речевой деятельности; выявить наиболее информативные культурно-просветительские места Екатеринбурга для создания учебно-методической разработки на их основе; разработать систему поэтапной работы по изучению региональной культуры в иностранной аудитории на основе изученного теоретического материала при внеаудиторных занятиях; создать учебно-методическую разработку, направленную на формирование лингворегионоведческих компетенций у студентов, изучающих русский язык как иностранный уровня А2-B1 (базовый и первый сертификационные уровни) на основе площадок Свердловского областного краеведческого музея им. О.Е. Клера, ЕМИИ, дома-музея П.П. Бажова. В процессе решения поставленных задач были сделаны следующие основные выводы: максимального эффекта в обучении иностранному языку можно добиться лишь при совокупном использовании видов речевой деятельности на уроке с учетом языкового уровня студентов; установлены основные функциональные особенности лингвострановедения и лингворегионоведения: повышение мотивации у обучающихся, развитие и совершенствование коммуникативной, лингвокультурологической и социокультурной компетенции; выявлено значение этих дисциплин в процессе преподавания и обучения РКИ — через изучение лингвострановедения и лингворегионоведения происходит снятие культурных и языковых трудностей, с которыми может встретиться студент в процессе обучения; создание учебно-методических разработок, основанных на материале музейных институций Екатеринбурга, расширяет культурный кругозор студента; формат проведения внеаудиторных занятий в виде уроков-экскурсий повышает мотивацию обучения студента, помогает в полной мере представить языковую картину мира, облегчает процесс адаптации обучающегося в новой языковой среде. / The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the regional culture, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of teaching Russian as a foreign language, to increase the motivation of students; the creative approach used, taking into account the principles of speech activity, helps in solving communicative problems that the student encounters in everyday life. The proposed draft teaching aid meets the requirements for the effectiveness of educational programs in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The purpose of the scientific research is to create an educational and methodological development on Russian as a foreign language for foreign students with the level of the Russian language A2-B1 (basic and first certification levels). The object of the study is the methodological aspect of the study of regional culture. The subject of the study is a system of methodological tasks and exercises that contribute to the development of types of speech activity. To achieve this goal, the following research objectives were formulated: to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of teaching different types of speech activity; identify the most informative cultural and educational places in Yekaterinburg to create an educational and methodological development based on them; develop a system of phased work on the study of regional culture in a foreign audience based on the studied theoretical material in extracurricular activities; to create an educational and methodological development aimed at the formation of linguistic and regional competences of students studying Russian as a foreign language at the A2-B1 level (basic and first certification levels) on the basis of the sites of the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. O.E. Clair, EMII, house-museum of P.P. Bazhov. In the process of solving the tasks set, the following main conclusions were drawn: the maximum effect in teaching a foreign language can be achieved only with the combined use of types of speech activity in the lesson, taking into account the language level of students; the main functional features of linguo-cultural and linguo-regional studies have been established: increasing the motivation of students, developing and improving communicative, linguo-culturological and socio-cultural competence; the significance of these disciplines in the process of teaching and learning Russian as a foreign language is revealed - through the study of linguistic and regional studies and linguistic and regional studies, the removal of cultural and linguistic difficulties that a student may encounter in the learning process takes place; the creation of educational and methodological developments based on the material of the museum institutions of Yekaterinburg, expands the cultural horizons of the student; the format of extracurricular activities in the form of excursion lessons increases the student's learning motivation, helps to fully present the linguistic picture of the world, and facilitates the student's adaptation process in a new language environment.

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Coronapandemin bröt ut våren 2020 och universiteten tvingades till undervisning på distans. Inom ingenjörsprogrammen tränar studenter sina praktiska färdigheter genom praktiska moment. I samband med distansundervisningen har även praktiska moment utförts på distans. I uppdrag från ITM-skolan syftar detta examensarbete till att undersöka studentupplevelsen av undervisningen under pandemin, när det gäller de praktiska momenten. För att undersöka detta, syftar arbetet vidare till att undersöka mängden praktiska moment som ingick i ingenjörsprogrammen Civilingenjör och Lärare, inom Energi och Miljö, (CLGYM TEMI) samt Civilingenjör i Energi och Miljö (CENMI). Vidare syftar arbetet till att undersöka hur de praktiska momenten har genomförts under COVID-19 pandemin. Bland annat studerades kommunikationen, samarbetet och återkopplingen. Utvecklingsdelen i detta examensarbete innefattas av att skapa ett stödmaterial till ITM-skolan med förbättringsförslag, baserat på studenternas upplevelse av praktiska moment samt forskning. Kursanalyser genomfördes av programmen CLGYM TEMI och CENMI för att kartlägga mängden praktiska moment som ingick. Studentupplevelsen och data om hur de praktiska momenten utfördes under pandemin, samlades in med hjälp av en enkät, som delades ut till studenter på KTH och besvarades av totalt 69 studenter. Enkäten var uppdelad i praktiska moment under pandemin, kommunikation, återkoppling, samarbete och praktisk träning på KTH. Genom enkätresultaten samt tidigare forskning om distansundervisning, sammanställdes ett stödmaterial med förslag som kan vara av användning vid en övergång från traditionell klassrumsundervisning till distansundervisning. Resultatet visade att CENMI hade fler planerade praktiska moment i utbildningen än vad CLGYM TEMI hade. Det bekräftades av enkätsvaren, där CLGYM TEMI studenter upplevde att det inte alls gavs tillräckligt med praktiska moment inom deras utbildning. Enkäten visade även att uppdelning i mindre grupper var den vanligaste åtgärden vid praktiska moment som utfördes fysiskt. Den vanligaste ersättningen för praktiska moment som utfördes på distans, var en digital omställning. Studenterna visade sig vara mer nöjda med samarbetsfaktorn av undervisningen, i jämförelse med återkopplingsfaktorn som de var minst nöjda med, under pandemin. Slutligen upplevde studenterna i stort sett att de praktiska momenten på distans inte har varit givande, då de saknat handlaget som tränas vid utförandet av praktiska moment. KTH behöver utveckla verktyg för att möjliggöra bättre ersättningar till praktiska moment på distans. Förslag är direktsända laborationer, fjärrstyrda laborationer (i mån om underhållskostnader), exkursioner och fältövningar med VR eller 360o-teknik samt elektroniska fältövningar och exkursioner. / The corona pandemic broke out in spring 2020 and universities were forced to turn to remote education. The engineering programs are characterized, among other things, by practical classes that develop the students' practical skills. The transition to distance education has led to practical exercises being carried out remotely. Commissioned by the ITM School, this thesis is aimed at examining the student experience of education during the pandemic, in terms of the practical exercises. To investigate this, the work is further aimed at examining the amount of practical training that is included in the engineering programs Master of Science and education in Energy and Environment and Master of Science in Energy and Environment (CLGYM TEMI). Further, the work aims at examining how the practical exercises have been carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among other things, factors such as communication, collaboration and feedback were studied. The development part of this thesis involved the creation of a support material for the ITM School. The support material included improvement proposals, based on the students' experience of taking practical classes, during the pandemic, and also based on research. The course analyses were carried out on the programs CLGYM TEMI and CENMI to map the number of practical classes that were included. The student experience and data on how the practical exercises were carried out during the pandemic were collected with the help of a survey, which was distributed to students at KTH and was answered by a total of 69 students. The survey was divided into practical parts during the pandemic, communication, feedback, cooperation and practical training at KTH. Through the survey results and previous research on distance learning, a supporting material was compiled with suggestions that could be used in a transition from traditional classroom teaching to distance learning. The result showed that CENMI had more planned practical exercises in the program than CLGYM TEMI had. This was confirmed by the survey responses, where CLGYM TEMI students felt that there was not enough practical experience in their education at all. The survey also showed that division into smaller groups was the most common measure in practical operations performed physically during the pandemic. The most common replacement for practical exercises performed remotely, was the digital version. Students were more satisfied with the collaborative factor of the teaching, in comparison to the feedback factor that they were least satisfied with, during the pandemic. Finally, the students largely experienced that practical exercises at a distance has not been rewarding, as they lacked the practical touch that is trained in the performance of practical exercises. KTH needs to develop tools to enable better compensation for practical moments performed remotely. Proposals include live laboratory work, remote-controlled laboratory work, excursions and field exercises using VR or 360o technology, as well as electronic field exercises and excursions.