Syftet med vårt examensarbete är att få en inblick i hur lärare agerar och kommunicerar med förskolebarn i åldern ett till tre år om rumsuppfattning i utemiljön. Som metod använder vi oss av kvalitativa intervjuer och observationer för att besvara våra tre frågeställningar. Resultatet visar att lärarnas intresse och kunskap att tolka barnens både verbala och ickeverbala uttryck är en förutsättning för att inspirera till nya läranden om rumsuppfattning. Utemiljöns föränderliga möjligheter inspirerar både barn och lärare i deras kommunikation och utmanar till nya lärande om rumsuppfattning. / The aim of our study is to gain insight into how teachers act and interact with preschool children aged one to three years in space perception in the outdoor environment. The method we use qualitative interviews and observations to answer our three questions. The results show that teachers' interest and knowledge to interpret children both verbal and non-verbal expression is a prerequisite to inspire new learners of spatial awareness. Outdoor environment changing opportunities inspires both children and teachers in their communication and challenge to new learning about spatial awareness.

The purpose of this study is to look into how the teachers in preschool describe how they work with the children based on participation and influence in preschool activities. In order to understand this, qualitative unstructured interviews were used with five preschool teachers in different businesses. When the study was analysed, it was based on Malaguccia’s theory of the three children. The collected data showed that the view of the children depends on whether they view the child's perspective or from a child perspective. The fact that they use the proximal development zone appeared in several stories from the business. Based on previous research which showed different atmospheres in pre-schools, where it is clearly possible to root in the pre-school teacher's approach. / Syftet med studien är att studera hur förskollärarna beskriver att de arbetar med barnens delaktighet och inflytande i förskolans verksamhet. För att förstå detta så användes kvalitativa ostrukturerade intervjuer med fem förskollärare i olika verksamheter. När studien analyserades så gjordes det utifrån Malaguccis teori om de tre barnen. Den insamlade datan visade på att synen på barnen beror på om de ser barns perspektiv eller utifrån ett barnperspektiv. Att de använder sig av den proximala utvecklingszonen framkom vid flera berättelser från verksamheten. Utifrån den tidigare forskningen som visade på olika atmosfärer i förskolans verksamheter, där det tydligt går att förankra i förskollärarens förhållningssätt.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioPNV_DISSERT.pdf: 2399110 bytes, checksum: d295ed8b7f605b82f08ad6ca2c812b8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-04 / Quand on se plonge sur l‟oeuvre de Caio Fernando Abreu, on est forcement men? ? faire une profonde analyse social qui r?sulte dans une grande bataille entre l‟amour, la soci?t? et la politique. Cette Memoire de Master, Politique, chanson et th??tre : Le conte ? Ces deux-l? ? de Caio Fernando Abreu r?percute au quotidien br?silien, montre que la plong? faite ici cherche ? analyser, ? partir d‟une perspective comparative, les angles observ?s par l‟auteur dans son oeuvre ?crite pendant les ann?es de la Dictature Militaire br?silienne, l‟influence des Beatles et du musicien/po?te Caetano Veloso avec le mouvement du Tropicalismo. Dans ce travail, on observe le r?le du narrateur au sein du d?veloppement du conte comme repr?sentation de la soci?t? irr?m?diable et comme cette narrative s‟ajuste en mode th??tral. La lecture de cette memoire est bas?e sur l‟analyse du conte ? Ces deux-l? ?, du livre Fraises Moisies, et l‟influence de la musique Strawberry Fields Forever, des Beatles chez l‟?criture de l‟auteur, ainsi que les discussions sur les images pr?sentent dans la narrative comme la structure essentielle pour le processus du montage du spectacle homonyme par la Cia. Luna Lunera, Minas Gerais, ? partir du m?canisme de la traduction, du litt?raire au sc?nique, appuy?e sur les id?es de Patrice Pavis / Os mergulhos na obra de Caio Fernando Abreu est?o predestinados a ter uma profunda an?lise social e resultar numa luta ag?nica entre amor, sociedade e pol?tica. Esta disserta??o, Pol?tica, Can??o e Teatro: o conto Aqueles Dois de Caio Fernando Abreu reverberando no cotidiano brasileiro, mostra que o mergulho dado aqui busca analisar, a partir de uma perspectiva comparativista, os ?ngulos observados pelo autor ao escrever durante os anos de chumbo no Brasil, a ?poca da Ditadura Militar, a influ?ncia dos Beatles e a do m?sico/poeta Caetano Veloso com o movimento Tropicalismo. Neste trabalho, analisa-se o papel do narrador no desenvolvimento do conto como uma representa??o de uma sociedade irremedi?vel e de como essa narrativa se acomoda em um fazer teatral. A leitura deste trabalho dissertativo se ap?ia na an?lise do conto Aqueles Dois , do livro Morangos Mofados, e a influ?ncia da m?sica Strawberry Fields Forever, dos Beatles, e as discuss?es acerca das imagens que se fazem presentes na narrativa como estrutura essencial para o processo da montagem do espet?culo hom?nimo pela Cia. Luna Lunera, MG, atrav?s do mecanismo de tradu??o, do liter?rio ao c?nico, apoiado nas ideias de Patrice Pavis

When Sweden first implemented Natura 2000 in 1995, it was done in a hurry and not all the information from the European Commission was interpreted as it was intended. The fact is that it took a long time for the authorities in Sweden to really understand Natura 2000 and its potential. The big break came in 2000 when the Swedish environmental Code was changed to match the regulations of Natura 2000. This created problems for already planned projects in Sweden that now had to follow the new rules. The implementation also provided the environmentalist management to advance at the expense of the spatial planning in a struggle about the governance over the landscape. In this thesis the Natura 2000 network is described as an instrument and compared to other nature protections in Sweden. The thesis also gives a description on how Natura 2000 is built up and how it was and is implemented in Sweden. The Environmentalist paradigm and planning paradigm are described and presented in the case studies Tre Toppar and Botniabanan. The development of the two cases is also described to get a picture of how differently they were managed and how different they turned out in the end. / Examination name of the thesis: Natura 2000- The implementation and the Use in Sweden, Case study of Botniabanan and Tre Toppar. Johan Johansson Gomér: +46703089306 Erika Wärneryd: +46735070737

The thesis aim is to get an understanding of how Uppsala University Library teaches about information searching and with this gain an insight on positive and working aspects in the teaching and how it can be developed for the better. To achieve these aims, three didactic questions were used as an overall theme and as a base for the research questions. These questions consisted of what (content), how (methods) and why? (goals and purposes). The methods consisted of observations and semi-structured group interviews that were conducted from December 2017 to April 2018.  Another method that was used is a directed content analysis of legal texts and guidance documents that the informants deemed important for their work. In regard of what, the result showed that lectures were more basic on earlier semesters, and more advanced later into the education. The content was also adapted to students by subject-specific databases, search examples and exercises that reflected students’ subject, future profession and everyday life. However, I could also see signs of less adaption in some search examples and because certain content was more frequent and used on several occasions. For example, many lectures focused on going through databases, source evaluation, reference management, various types of material and the meaning of scientificity. Also, many informants meant that they were generalists and did not have time to familiarize themselves with students' subject in a greater extent. In the question how, it became apparent that active actions were frequent as well as adaptation in teaching. This was shown in the form of exercises, own search time, regular use of questions and that an active dialogue occurred with students and was deemed important. Various rhetorical aspects of the teaching were that the frequent use and need of computers made the informants’ eye contact and body language less apparent and limited. The informants often seemed well prepared on the content. Some exceptions from this occurred a few times where some signs of uncertainty in body language and speech were shown. In regard of this, most informants indicated that they had sufficient planning time; however, they could also have other tasks that took priority. Regarding the question why, many goals and purposes could be identified. The most common ones focused on information sources. Many informants, law texts and guidance documents emphasized the importance of getting knowledge about different types of materials, their advantages and disadvantages, using appropriate databases and to being able to search, evaluate and find information. The conclusions of the thesis are that the informants recognize and use many positive and working aspects that pedagogical literature and research says is important. Some examples are that they adapt the content in various ways to the students, let the students be active under the lessons, ask many questions, use evaluations and integrate guidelines. Regarding how the teaching could be developed, a conclusion is that it could be more adapted, advanced and more subject-specific if there was more time for librarians to teach and plan lectures. This could also contribute to a better relationship with the students, more time for collaboration with their teachers, being able to develop pedagogical methods and become familiar with the student’s subject. To achieve this, it could be appropriate that some librarians have a more dedicated role as well as prioritized tasks as library educators. This is a two years master's thesis in Library and information science.

In 2020, a global pandemic spread resulting in restrictions limiting working conditions in many workplaces resulting in the escalation of remote work. The purpose of this study is to investigate how remote work affect management accounting to strengthen existing knowledge and identify possible areas for improvement of this research area. From a leadership perspective, the study draws on rule-based and normative pillar of institutional theory to theorize how formal and informal control systems are affected by remote work. Providing relevant insight to control systems and remote work the empirical evidence is derived from interviews with managers in both the public and private sector. The findings illustrate frictions that have occurred between advocates of formal and informal management because of escalating remote work. The long distance between managers and employees in turn forces management to adapt a more informal governance amongst themselves yet increases the use of formal control systems towards the employees. In conclusion, internal documents stipulating how to work remotely are needed to optimize the balance between formal and informal control systems to reduce uncertainty in the management group.

<div>The widespread and growing usage of machine learning models, especially in highly critical areas such as law, predicate the need for interpretable models. Models that cannot be audited are vulnerable to inheriting biases from the dataset. Even locally interpretable models are vulnerable to adversarial attack. To address this issue a new methodology is proposed to translate any existing machine learning model into a globally interpretable one.</div><div>This methodology, MTRE-PAN, is designed as a hybrid SVM-decision tree model and leverages the interpretability of linear hyperplanes. MTRE-PAN uses this hybrid model to create polygons that act as intermediates for the decision boundary. MTRE-PAN is compared to a previously proposed model, TRE-PAN, on three non-synthetic datasets: Abalone, Census and Diabetes data. TRE-PAN translates a machine learning model to a 2-3 decision tree in</div><div>order to provide global interpretability for the target model. The datasets are each used to train a Neural Network that represents the non-interpretable model. For all target models, the results show that MTRE-PAN generates interpretable decision trees that have a lower</div><div>number of leaves and higher parity compared to TRE-PAN.</div>

För att hålla företag relevanta och lukrativa under många år är det viktigt att ha strategier för att ständigt utvecklas och vara uppmärksam på marknadsförändringar och sin omgivning. Ett sätt att arbeta aktivt med att förbli relevant som företag är att driva innovation av produkter, men ännu viktigare, innovationav företagets affärsmodell. Det finns mycket forskning som berör innovation av affärsmodeller, men vilka faktorer som främjar innovation av affärsmodeller är mer outforskat. Det visar sig i tidigare forskning att företagsstruktur kan vara av vikt, och mer specifikt en företagsstruktur som främjar många snabba test, direkt kommunikation med kunder och en bra kommunikation inom företaget. Dessa tankesätt kännetecknar också agilt arbetssätt. Agilt arbetssätt har blivit allt vanligare, speciellt inom teknikbranschen. Det är också tydligt att det agila arbetssättet främjar snabba tester och kunskapssökning vid företagets gränser. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om, och i så fall hur agilt arbetssätt möjliggör innovation av affärsmodeller. Undersökningen grundar sig i empiriskt material från ett fallföretag; Graphmatech. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av teori som satts ihop till en analytisk modell. Teorierna som utgjorde störst del av analysen var de tre lagarna om agilt och fyra regler om agilt agerande för innovation av affärsmodeller. En slutsats som dras efter analysen är att fallföretaget som undersökts i detta fall har främjat innovation av deras affärsmodell tack vare det agila arbetssätt de haft. Slutsatsen visar också på att det krävs vidare forskning för att få en djupare förståelse för hur agilt arbetssätt är kopplat till innovation av affärsmodeller.

This paper presents a comparative evaluation of four 3D locomotion interfaces in virtual reality: Slider, Teleport, Point &amp; Tug, and Arm-Cycle. The study employed a mixed methods approach to assess their performance using a token-collecting task in a virtual environment with obstacles, focusing on efficiency, spatial awareness, usability, task load, presence, and cybersickness. The results indicate that Slider and Teleport interfaces demonstrated higher efficiency and usability, excelling in collision avoidance and token collection. On the other hand, Point &amp; Tug and Arm-Cycle interfaces offered enhanced engagement, presence, spatial awareness, and physical interactions but at the cost of decreased efficiency and an increase in cybersickness symptoms. However, it is important to note that the results from presence and spatial awareness are multifaceted, necessitating further investigation and the inclusion of additional measurements for a comprehensive understanding. The study acknowledges limitations such as simplified obstacle scenarios, limited sample size, and specific interface implementations, potentially limiting the generalizability and validity of the findings. To advance future research, the study suggests exploring diverse obstacle configurations, standardizing interface implementations, and expanding participant samples for more robust and conclusive results. / Den här artikeln presenterar en jämförande utvärdering av fyra 3D-förflyttningsgränssnitt i virtuell verklighet: Slider, Teleport, Point &amp; Tug och Arm-Cycle. Studien använde en mixad metod för att bedöma deras prestanda i insamling av "tokens" i en virtuell miljö med hinder som fokuserade på effektivitet, spatial medvetenhet, användbarhet, arbetsbelastning, närvaro och cybersjuka. Resultaten indikerar att gränssnitten Slider och Teleport visade högre effektivitet och användbarhet, vilket gjorde dem effektiva inom kollisionsundvikande och att samla tokens. Emmellertid erbjöd gränssnitten Point &amp; Tug och Arm-Cycle förbättrad engagemang, närvaro, rumslig medvetenhet och fysisk interaktion, men till priset av minskad effektivitet och ökade symptom på cybersjuka. Det är dock viktigt att notera att resultaten av närvaro och rumslig medvetenhet är mångfacetterade och kräver ytterligare undersökning samt inkludering av fler mätningar för en heltäckande förståelse. Resultaten understryker vikten av att beakta flera faktorer vid utformningen av förflyttningsgränssnitt för virtuell verklighet. Studien hade emellertid begränsningar såsom förenklade positioner av hinder, begränsad urvalsstorlek och specifika gränssnittsimplementeringar, vilket kan begränsa generaliserbarheten och validiteten hos resultaten. För att främja framtida forskning föreslår studien att utforska olika konfigurationer av hinder, standardisera gränssnittsimplementeringar och utvidga urvalsstorleken för mer robusta och slutsatsgivande resultat.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva och analysera svenska myndigheters internrevision för att kunna dra slutsatser om i vilken ansvarslinje de befinner sig i dagsläget samt att föra en diskussion kring internrevisionens oberoende. I denna uppsats har en kvalitativ studie genomförts. Med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer på sex olika myndigheter med krav på internrevision har empiri insamlats som tillsammans med teoretisk referensram ligger till grund för analys och slutsatser. Studien visar att svenska myndigheters internrevision befinner sig i den tredje ansvarslinjen. Vissa variationer inom den tredje ansvarslinjen kan urskiljas på grund av dels otydliga riktlinjer för internrevisorerna för att kunna bibehålla ett oberoende i samband med råd och stöd och dels på grund av bristfälliga kunskaper i den andra ansvarslinjen avseende hur ansvaret ska fördelas. / The purpose of this essay is to describe and analyze internal audit of the Swedish authorities internal audit in order to draw conclusions about which of The Three Lines of Defense they are positioned in at the present time, and to include a discussion about internal audit’s independence. In this essay, a qualitative study has been conducted. Using data from semi-structured interviews conducted at six different authorities with requirements for internal audit, empirical evidence has been collected. This empirical evidence, together with a theoretical framework constitutes the basis for analysis and conclusions. The study showed that the internal audit of the Swedish authorities is positioned in the third line of defense. Some variations in the third line of defense could be distinguished due to unclear guidelines for internal auditors to maintain independence in connection with advice and support, and also due to insufficient knowledge in the second line of defense regarding how responsibility should be allocated.