Islands turismutveckling har genomgått stora förändringar under det senaste decenniet och turismen har ökat rekordartat, vilket har medfört att turismindustrin ligger steget efter utvecklingen på flera plan, däribland turisternas säkerhet. Det framgår att både trafikincidenter och olyckor i naturen ökar i takt med att turisterna blir fler. En av de mest olycksdrabbade natursevärdheterna är den populära lavastranden Reynisfjara. I studien undersöks hur organisationer och aktörer kopplade till turism på Island hanterar och planerar för risker på natursevärdheter. Undersökningen baseras på nio kvalitativa intervjuer med isländska organisationer och turismaktörer, däribland turistrådet, polisen, markägare och ett räddningsteam. Vidare undersöks Reynisfjara i en fallstudie där faktorer som påverkar turisters säkerhet definieras. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna inkluderar planering, riskhantering och kommunikation. Resultatet visar att trafikolyckor är de vanligaste incidenterna bland turister. Således utgör den fysiska planeringen inom infrastrukturen en påverkande faktor för säkerheten. En ytterligare på-verkande faktor är turisters riskbenägenhet och hänsynslöshet gentemot risker. Resultatet visar vidare att turisters säkerhet på natursevärdheter påverkas av i vilken utsträckning inblandade aktörer planerar för riskhantering. Ett systematiskt arbetssätt för planeringsprocessen saknas och säkerhets-åtgärder vidtas främst när en olycka redan inträffat. Samarbetet kring resursfördelning och lagstiftning mellan myndigheter och aktörer inom turismindustrin, visar sig vara avgörande för att öka säkerheten. Avslutningsvis visar studien att de inblandade aktörerna inte är en enhetlig grupp avseende planering, riskhantering och ansvarsområden. Riskhanteringen på Island utgörs idag av ett fleraktörssystem, vilket har lett till en splittrad ansvarsfördelning. Ansvaret för turisternas säkerhet ligger i deras egna händer. / Icelandic tourism development has undergone major changes over the past decade, tourism has increased rapidly, which has lead to the tourism industry being behind in developments on several levels, including tourist’s safety. It appears that both traffic incidents and accidents in the nature increases as the tourists increase. Reynisfjara a lava beach, is one of the most popular nature attractions and also were accidents occure among tourists. In this study organizations and operators connected to tourism in Iceland are examined on how they manage and plan regarding risks in natural attractions. The survey is based on interviews with nine organizations and tourism stakeholders, including the Icelandic Tourist Board, the police, landowner, rescue team and a case study on Reynisfjara where factors affecting tourists safety are defined. The theoretical approach includes planning, risk management and cooperation. The results show that the most common accidents among tourists are traffic accidents. Thus the planning of physical infrastructure is an influencing factor. Another influencing factor is the tourists' tendency and recklessness against the risks. It appears that the tourists' safety in natural attractions are influenced by the extent to which those involved are planning for risk management. A systematic approach to planning is lacking and safety measures are mainly done when an accident has already occurred. Cooperation on the allocation of resources and legislation between the authorities and operators in the tourism industry, proves to be crucial to increase safety. The study shows that the players involved are not a unified group regarding planning, risk management and responsibilities. Risk management in Iceland today consists of a multi-operator system, which has led to fragmented responsibilities. Responsibility for tourists' safety lies in their own hands.

This article explores who the people in the mountain world are and what makes them choose the activities they do through a questionnaire survey with information about gender, age, place of birth, education level, mountain habit and the sense of accessibility, self-esteem and factors that influence the choice of mountain activities. The results from the study show that most people who visit the mountains come from southern Sweden and from outside the Nordic countries. Many of these visit the mountains several times a year. A majority of respondents also feel included in the target groups that they think nature tourism is focusing on, which are those with good economics, high level of education, associated middle or upper classes, and already introduced in the mountain environment. Non-white persons were some who, according to the interviewees, were not prioritized by nature tourism, and among the interviewees were also non-white in extreme minority. Factors that affect the interviewees' choices about what they choose to do for activities in the mountains are above all the tour company, but also the economy and old habit. As to what makes the respondents choose not to do certain activities in the mountains, there is also a society that is the biggest factor, followed by ignorance, economy and uncertainty.

In this thesis I examine three cities that have been nominated as world heritage sites by UNESCO, and how these cities are understood and mediated by visitors. One of the research questions was also to see how these places has been affected by the nomination. I have visited Visby, Dubrovnik and Toruń to do this research. I wanted to find out why so many people choose to visit these places and how much the world heritage nomination was part of the decision to visit. This is done by examining how these cities are mediated by travel literature, tourist information in the form of brochures and other information, as well as interviews. These interviews were conducted both with tourists at these sites, but also with people that work with tourism or cultural heritage in some form. The method used besides interviews has been thick description as it is formulated by Clifford Geertz to describe and make sense of these places and to see how you would experience these places as a tourist. The researchers that has figured as a theoretical background include John Urry and Andrew Walsh. Urry describes how the tourist uses different gazes to see the world in different ways, and Walsh describes how a place that seems to be irreplaceable might in fact not be so irreplaceable, which applies on the examined places in this thesis. Josefina Syssner and Karim van Knippenberg together with Linde Egberts lays a groundwork for the understanding of different sorts of tourists, and what tools can be used is place marketing of these cities. In agreement with previous research I conclude that the primary attraction of these sites for the tourists is not their status as world heritage sites, and the reason that these sites are troubled with mass tourism lies elsewhere. The place itself is replaceable for the majority of the tourists, but not for the material heritage. A better dialogue is needed between the tourism and heritage sector, as well as local residents and politicians, to be able to counteract the negative effects of mass tourism, that is shown to wear on the material culture. The mediation needs to include a more widespread picture of the complex issues that concerns these heritage sites. In todays globalized and mobile world, the idea of world heritage sites becomes problematic, as this work has shown. This thesis is a two years master’s thesis in Museum and cultural heritage.

År 2021 fyller Göteborg 400 år som stad. På initiativ av Göteborgs kommun och Göteborg & Co firas detta med en stor jubileumssatsning som involverar ett stort antal projekt. Hela jubileumssatsningen startade år 2010 och sträcker sig fram till självaste jubileumsåret 2021. Under denna tidsperiod har flera projekt genomförts som en del av Göteborgs 400-årsjubileum, och fler projekt kommer att genomföras. Inför Göteborgs 300-årsjubileum, år 1921, grundades flera besöksmål som än idag har stor betydelse för Göteborg och Göteborgs besöksnäring. Denna studie syftar till att att undersöka hur fem projekt inom Göteborgs jubileumssatsning eventuellt kan bidra till att Göteborg blir en mer attraktiv destination för besökare med hjälp av destinationsutveckling och marknadsföring. De fem projekten som har studerats är; “Lisebergs jubileumssatsning”, “Göteborgsvarvet Marathon”, “Göteborg berättar”, “Artscape” samt “Tillgänglig skärgård”.  För att besvara studiens syfte har en kvalitativ metod med intervjuer och dokument-och textanalys använts, med utgångspunkt i kritisk realism och en abduktiv ansats. Den tidigare forskningen har utgått ifrån två huvudteman, vilket är; “Destinationsutveckling och “Destinationsmarknadsföring”. Resultatet och analysen presenteras efter samma huvudteman. Från intervjuerna och dokument- och textanalysen kan det konstateras att projekten på olika sätt bidrar till att Göteborg blir en mer attraktiv stad, detta genom att erbjuda unika egenskaper som särskiljer Göteborg från andra destinationer. Det går även att fastställa att marknadsföringen är en viktig del för att sprida information till besökare, där innehållsmarknadsföring, spridning av information via hemsidor, sociala medier, radio och tidningar är betydelsefullt. Dessutom är samarbetet mellan aktörer oerhört viktigt för att destinationen ska utvecklas och attrahera besökare. / In 2021 Gothenburg is turning 400 years as a city. On the initiative of the Gothenburg municipality and Göteborg & Co, this is celebrated with a large anniversary that involves a large number of projects. The entire anniversary initiative started in 2010 and extends until the anniversary year 2021. During this period of time, several projects have been implemented as part of the Gothenburg 400th anniversary, and more projects will be implemented. Prior to the Gothenburg 300th anniversary in 1921, several visitor attractions were founded, which today are of great importance for Gothenburg and Gothenburg’s tourism industry. This study aims to investigate how five projects as a part of Gothenburg’s 400th anniversary possibly can contribute to Gothenburg becoming a more attractive destination for visitors using destination development and marketing. The five projects that have been studied are; “Liseberg anniversary project”, “Gothenburg marathon”, “Gothenburg tells”, “Artscape” and “Accessible archipelago”.  To answer the aim of this study, a qualitative method has been used, based on critical realism. Previous research from which the study is based upon, are divided into two main themes, which is; “Destination development” and “Destination marketing”. The result and analysis are presented through the same main themes. Furthermore, the study show the projects in various ways contribute to Gothenburg becoming a more attractive city, this by offering unique characteristics that differentiates Gothenburg from other destinations. It is also possible to state that marketing is an important part of spreading information to visitors, where content marketing and information via websites, social media, radio and newspapers are important. In addition, the cooperation between actors is extremely important for the destination to be developed and attract visitors.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:36:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia de Brito Rabelo.pdf: 8668447 bytes, checksum: 4132e490a8ea0b715da8cfcb9570cb92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-14 / The project re invented the tourism in the city of Goiaz seaches to promote the revitalization of the use of the House of Cora Coralina in way to contribute with the sustaining social cultural and economic of the local turism. In the first moment it established one description of the patrimonial politics along the history which made possible a critical analysis of the same ones how much to the intervention in the city The verification of the local tourism phenomenon gave a oportunity for the elaboration of a diagnosis of the tourist system, searching to identify the available cultural and natural resources or potential for the tourist consumption, the tourist infrastructure of support, equipment and services and the profile of the visitors who frequent the City of Goiás. In this procedure they Identified management problems evidencing the necessity of (re) evaluating the tourist system, giving potential offers from the existing tourism - the traditional one, in the previous organization and integration of the tourist experiences. Finally a revitalization plan was elaborated that contemplated initially the analysis of the use of the House of Cora Coralina in the indentification of programs, projects and activities relating them with the tourist questions. In this exercise it perceived that two programs of the house museum were on directly with the strategies of this project: Rescue and Promotion of the Incorporeal Patrimony and Diffusion and Patrimonial Education, the incorporeal category as motivador element of the envolvement and participation of the community in the management of the local tourism, and potential of the attractiveness, as well as the strenght of the image of the tourist destination in its promotion and spreading. In the incentive to the formatting of products and tourist services, it created the program Poetical Tourism, in the promotion to the creative tourism, literary, gastronomic tourism and of nature. / O projeto (Re) Inventando o Turismo na Cidade de Goiás busca promover a revitalização do uso da Casa de Cora Coralina de modo a contribuir com a sustentabilidade sociocultural e econômica da atividade naquela localidade. Em um primeiro momento estabeleceu uma descrição das políticas patrimoniais ao longo da história a qual possibilitou uma análise crítica das mesmas quanto à intervenção na cidade. A verificação do fenômeno turístico local oportunizou a elaboração de um diagnóstico do sistema, buscando identificar os recursos culturais e naturais disponíveis ou potenciais para o consumo, a infra-estrutura de apoio, os equipamentos e serviços e o perfil dos visitantes que freqüentam a Cidade de Goiás. Nesse procedimento foram identificados problemas de gestão evidenciando a necessidade de (re) avaliar o sistema, potencializando a oferta turística existente a tradicional, na prévia organização e integração das experiências turísticas. Finalmente foi elaborado um plano de revitalização que contemplou, inicialmente, análise do uso da Casa de Cora Coralina na identificação de programas, projetos e atividades, relacionando-os com as questões turísticas. Nesse exercício percebeu-se que dois programas da casa museu estavam diretamente ligados com as estratégias desse projeto: Resgate e Promoção do Patrimônio Imaterial e Difusão e Educação Patrimonial. A categoria imaterial como elemento motivador do envolvimento e participação da comunidade na gestão do turismo local, e potencializador da atratividade, da promoção e da divulgação da imagem do destino turístico. No incentivo à formatação de produtos e serviços, criou-se o programa Turismo Poético, no fomento ao turismo criativo, literário, gastronômico e de natureza.

Este trabalho investiga como qualidades urbanísticas do espaço público relacionadas à diversidade, à permeabilidade, à legibilidade e ao conforto, entendidas como atributos espaciais de hospitalidade urbana, são capazes de evidenciar a condição de cidade hospitaleira, contribuindo para o prolongamento da estadia do visitante e para a qualidade de vida dos moradores. Tem como foco as grandes cidades que, apesar de se constituírem como os locais mais atraentes do planeta, não são necessariamente lugares hospitaleiros e acolhedores. Para tanto, este estudo aplica os atributos espaciais de hospitalidade urbana em três ruas paulistanas que simbolizam momentos distintos de apropriação do espaço público na cidade de São Paulo: Rua São Bento, Avenida Paulista e Avenida Engenheiro Luis Carlos Berrini. Neste percurso discute-se a aproximação entre o conceito da dádiva e da hospitalidade urbana representadas em ações de civilidade e cidadania por parte do anfitrião (o gestor público) e do hóspede (morador e turista), que culminem no reforço do vínculo com o lugar. As contribuições deste trabalho objetivam subsidiar políticas públicas no tocante à qualidade do espaço público e à inclusão da hospitalidade urbana como elemento fundamental da gestão urbana colaborando para transformar as grandes cidades em locais atraentes e acolhedores. / This research investigates how urbanistic qualities of the public space related to diversity, permeability, imageability and comfort, understood as an spatial attributes of urban hospitality, are able to show the condition of hospitable city, contributing to the prolongation of the visitor\'s stay and the residents\' quality of life. It focuses on big cities, although they are the most attractive places in the world, they are not necessarily hospitable and welcoming places. Therefore, this study applies the spatial attributes of urban hospitality in three streets that symbolize different moments of public space\'s appropriation in the city of São Paulo: Rua São Bento, Avenida Paulista and Avenida Engenheiro Luis Carlos Berrini. It also discusses the connection between the concept of the gift and the urban hospitality represented in actions of civility and citizenship from the host (the public administrator) and guest (resident and tourist), culminating in strengthening the bond with the place. The contributions of this work aim to support public policies related to the quality of the public space and the inclusion of urban hospitality as a key element of urban management, collaborating to turn cities into attractive and welcoming places.

Denna uppsats handlar om vilken status det ryska språket har i dagens finska samhälle och hur den har förändrats. Undersökningen består av en förklaring av situationen i historien och idag, analys av en intervju med den finsk-ryska skådespelaren Alina Tomnikov och en analys av finska medias bild av ryskspråkiga i Finland. Resultat av undersökningen är att det ryska språkets status i det finska samhället och finländares omdöme om ryssar och ryska språket har förbättrats. Mina frågeställningar är om ryska språkets möjligheter och kunskaper i Finland och vad det innebär att vara ryskspråkig i det finska samhället. I arbetet fokuserar jag på Finlands huvudstadsområde och dess ryskhet.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:04:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 3 / Nenhuma / O turismo de eventos é um mercado próspero, que caminha celeremente para sua consolidação dentro da economia. Contudo, o segmento apresenta características competitivas devido à diversidade de oferta de destinos que desejam sediar eventos. Com o advento da globalização que transpõe as fronteiras e direciona as atividades produtivas a novas dinâmicas espaciais, surgem diferentes oportunidades de competição. Neste sentido, os Convention & Visitors Bureaux são alternativas para aumentar o fluxo turístico em determinada região visando o seu desenvolvimento sustentável. A lógica da formação de rede pode ser percebida, através da união dos esforços das empresas e associações do trade turístico, entidades dos setores produtivos da indústria, do comércio e serviços, entidades governamentais, etc. para a captação de eventos. A atuação dos Convention &Visitors Bureaux em determinada região está refletida na eficiência das estratégias competitivas que ele adota ao perceber as ações da concorrência e pela estabilidade do / The tourism of events is a high-increasing market that is making a fast consolidation in economics. However, this segment presents competitive characteristics due to the diversity of destinations that want to held an event. Since the advent of globalization, which goes beyond frontiers and direct productive activities to new spacial dynamics, there comes different opportunities for competition. This way, the Convention & Visitors Bureau are alternative in order to raise the tourism flow in specific regions looking at its sustainable development. The logic of the net creation can be seen through the union of efforts of companies and associations of the touristic trade, entities from the productive segment of industry, commerce and services, government entities, etc in order to capture more events. The acting of the Convention & Visitors Bureau in a specific region is reflected on the efficiency of competitive strategies it adopts when realizing the moves made by the competition and the socio-economical evironm

Este trabalho investiga como qualidades urbanísticas do espaço público relacionadas à diversidade, à permeabilidade, à legibilidade e ao conforto, entendidas como atributos espaciais de hospitalidade urbana, são capazes de evidenciar a condição de cidade hospitaleira, contribuindo para o prolongamento da estadia do visitante e para a qualidade de vida dos moradores. Tem como foco as grandes cidades que, apesar de se constituírem como os locais mais atraentes do planeta, não são necessariamente lugares hospitaleiros e acolhedores. Para tanto, este estudo aplica os atributos espaciais de hospitalidade urbana em três ruas paulistanas que simbolizam momentos distintos de apropriação do espaço público na cidade de São Paulo: Rua São Bento, Avenida Paulista e Avenida Engenheiro Luis Carlos Berrini. Neste percurso discute-se a aproximação entre o conceito da dádiva e da hospitalidade urbana representadas em ações de civilidade e cidadania por parte do anfitrião (o gestor público) e do hóspede (morador e turista), que culminem no reforço do vínculo com o lugar. As contribuições deste trabalho objetivam subsidiar políticas públicas no tocante à qualidade do espaço público e à inclusão da hospitalidade urbana como elemento fundamental da gestão urbana colaborando para transformar as grandes cidades em locais atraentes e acolhedores. / This research investigates how urbanistic qualities of the public space related to diversity, permeability, imageability and comfort, understood as an spatial attributes of urban hospitality, are able to show the condition of hospitable city, contributing to the prolongation of the visitor\'s stay and the residents\' quality of life. It focuses on big cities, although they are the most attractive places in the world, they are not necessarily hospitable and welcoming places. Therefore, this study applies the spatial attributes of urban hospitality in three streets that symbolize different moments of public space\'s appropriation in the city of São Paulo: Rua São Bento, Avenida Paulista and Avenida Engenheiro Luis Carlos Berrini. It also discusses the connection between the concept of the gift and the urban hospitality represented in actions of civility and citizenship from the host (the public administrator) and guest (resident and tourist), culminating in strengthening the bond with the place. The contributions of this work aim to support public policies related to the quality of the public space and the inclusion of urban hospitality as a key element of urban management, collaborating to turn cities into attractive and welcoming places.

The tourist streams have increased more and more over the years. Thanks to the technology and globalization, it has contributed to an increased tourism and impact on destinations. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether social sustainability is affected by tourism on Paxos and Boracay from a visitor perspective. The method used for the survey was questionnaires and a selection that focused on those who visited the two islands. It was also a comparison of Paxos and Boracay related to social sustainability. The result was presented in three categories, society, culture and crime and security. The result showed that the social sustainability of Boracay was most affected by tourism. The conclusion of the study showed that the social sustainability of Paxos and Boracay is affected by tourism in both negative and positive ways. It turned out that the most affected island by tourism within social sustainability was Boracay