With an influx of refugess to Sweden the scene on the work market has changed for the last six decades. During the 1960's Italians came to work as handicraft labor, in the 1970's lots of Chileans entered Sweden fleeing dictatorship, in the 1990's the war on Balkan drove many refugess north and during the Syrian collapse in 2015 the word integration has rung repeatedly in newspapers and policy documents.  17% of Swedish population is born in another country which equivalent to 1.7 million inhabitants from other cultures (Dec 2021). This puts Sweden on the map as a multicultural country trying to understand integration processes and the political scene is dictating questions on how Sweden shall be run.  This study wants to highlight a specific area where many refugees often end up working entering the Swedish work market for the first time, in Swedish communal elderly care service. Since no prior education is needed it is an easy way in to get a job and earn a living.  Elderly care in Sweden has unit managers navigating through cultural and local regulations on how the work market shall progress. In the meetings with refugees wanting to work obstacles are at place making employment situation more strained.  In this study we find unit managers and refugee workers giving their opinions and possible solutions to a bureaucratic landscape of laws, attitudes and values. But what happens in meetings between a unit manager and its refugee worker? How do they work and what does not work? And how does this affect integration processes in Swedish elderly care? The answers to this involve unit managers pre-knowledge in multiculturalism and attitudes towards refugee workers and in what way the refugee worker is a stranger to the unit manager or not. My conclusion is the need to educate unit managers to be representative and having knowledge in multiculturalism to develop better integration processes and secure future employment in elderly care in Sweden.

Kommunal äldreomsorg står inför utmaningar kommande år. Prognoser pekar på att det kommer råda personalbrist med ett ökat behov av undersköterskor och vårdbiträden inom äldreomsorgen till följd av fler äldre i behov av stöd och omsorg. För att behålla kompetent personal och skapa en hälsosam arbetsplats där medarbetare upplever god arbetstillfredsställelse kan ledarskapet spela en viktig roll. Syftet med vår studie är att kartlägga vilka egenskaper som anses fördelaktiga för en ledare att besitta utifrån ett medarbetarperspektiv. Datamaterialet grundas på enkätsvar från totalt 128 respondenter (106 medarbetare, 22 chefer). Resultatet analyseras utifrån arbetstillfredsställelse och ledarstilar som teoretiskt ramverk samt tidigare forskning. Resultatet visar att ledarstilen som tenderar att verka övervägande positivt ur medarbetarnas perspektiv var den transaktionella ledarstilen. Däremot visar resultatet att cheferna övervägande skattar sig som transformativa med en tro om hög arbetstillfredsställelse hos medarbetarna. Resultatet från cheferna visar dessutom att den transaktionella ledarstilen har ett positivt samband med skattad arbetstillfredsställelse. Utöver det visade resultatet att fler medarbetare hade en större vilja att avsluta sin anställning om chefen var kvinna. Studiens slutsats är att det transaktionella ledarskapet är att föredra ur ett medarbetarperspektiv där fokus är på straff och belöning. Utöver det indikerar resultatet att en framgångsfaktor inom äldreomsorgen är att rekrytera manliga chefer för att behålla medarbetare. Till sist har en tydlig invändning mot ledarstilen laissez-faire i relation till arbetstillfredsställelse kunnat presenteras utifrån såväl medarbetare som chefer inom den kommunala äldreomsorgen. / Elderly care in Sweden faces challenges in the coming years. Forecasts indicate that there will be a shortage of staff in elderly care as a result of more older people in need of support. In order to retain competent staff and create a healthy workplace, where employees experience good job satisfaction, leadership can act as an important part. The purpose of this study is to map qualities considered advantageous for a leader to possess from an employee perspective. The data material is based on survey responses from a total of 128 respondents (106 employees, 22 managers). The results are analyzed based on job satisfaction and leadership styles as a theoretical framework as well as previous research. The results show that the leadership style, which tends to seem predominantly positive from the perspective of the employees, was the transactional leadership style. However, the results show that managers predominantly rate themselves as transformative with a belief in high job satisfaction among employees. The results from the managers also show that the transactional leadership style has a positive correlation with estimated job satisfaction. In addition, the results regarding employees' willingness to resign (turnover) and whether their manager was a woman or a man was distinctive. The results showed that more employees had a greater willingness to terminate their employment if the manager was a woman. The study's conclusion is that transactional leadership is preferable from an employee perspective where the focus is on punishment and reward. In addition to that, the result indicates that a success factor in elderly care is to recruit male managers to retain employees. Finally, a clear objection to the leadership style of Laissez-Faire in relation to job satisfaction could be presented from the perspective of both employees and managers in municipal elderly care.

Clinical learning experiences form an integral part of the student nurse's training, for it is in the clinical setting that students acquire the knowledge, skills and values necessary for professional practice. The purpose of this research was to explore student nurses experiences during clinical practice. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was utilised, employing the phenomenological method. Unstructured interviews were conducted with student nurses in their final year of the four year nursing programme at a nursing college campus in the Limpopo Province. Tesch's method of data analysis was used. The findings indicate that there are aspects which impact negatively on student nurses' clinical learning experiences, such as lack of teaching and learning support, lack of opportunities for learning, poor theory-practice integration, and poor interpersonal relationships between the students, college tutors and ward staff. Recommendations to enhance the clinical learning experiences of student nurses were made. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

The aim of this study was to understand how unit managers in public sector of social work handles crisis connected to medial examination and how to avoid crisis. We examined how unit managers handles and support their employees through crisis. The crisis we investigated have emerged in units in public sector that have been a subject to a medial examination. Qualitative interviews were performed with six managers in public sector. We combined the interview-study with an analysis of documents from the authorities. Theories that were used to analyse the result where system-theory and crisis-communication. The result showed that the authorities had good knowledge and tools at their disposal to manage the crisis that come up by the media examination. Several of the informers agreed to that the pre-work with crisis should be a priority in the organization. We found the managers experienced that media presented the authorities in a negative way but agreed to that media is important for examining the government authorities. The conclusion of the study showed the importance of communication before, during and after a crisis.

Studies show that 10-15 percent of Sweden's population, 65 years or older are estimated to have depression or depression symptoms. The symptoms of depression among elderly people are less than symptoms of young people. This could cause that elderly people with depression are not always discovered. Studies show that elderly people who live in residential homes show more signs of depression than elderly people living at home. If elderly people live in a supporting environment, can it prevent that a depression developed. The prevention of depression among elderly people is a topic that is not discussed among previously research. The purpose of this study is to examine how the unit managers of the residential homes for elderly people look at the prevention of depression. This study is qualitative where six unit managers in charge of residential homes have been interviewed. The interviews were based on different themes; how the unit managers approach the prevention of depression among elderly people and how they describe the discretion to take preventive treatment for depression among elderly people, also the unit manager views on elderly peoples depression. The study is made in a small number of municipalities which means that it can not be generalized. The result may not be the same if the study had been made on a larger scale. The results of the study show that the unit managers of the residential homes for elderly people work to prevent depression in different ways. An explanation of why the unit managers works different are based on the unit manager ideas and interpretations of depression among elderly people. Also the unit manager priorities, past experience, number of years as a professional and their views about elderly people’s depression are factors that affect the unit manager work. The unit manager views on its way to approach the prevention of depression, the political guidelines and decisions have impact on the way the unit manager work to prevent depression among elderly people in the residential home.

Föreliggande uppsats handlar om enhetschefers förtroende för omsorgspersonalen inom hemtjänsten ur enhetschefsperspektiv. Eftersom förtroende är ett begrepp som kan se olika ut beroende på vilket område som undersöks, avgränsas uppsatsens undersökning till att gälla enhetschefers förtroende i samband med förekomsten av omsorgspersonal som stjäl hemma hos brukare. Omsorgspersonals stölder hos brukare av hemtjänst är ett outforskat område, det enda som med säkerhet kan sägas är att det förekommer. Därför har uppsatsen som syfte att undersöka hur enhetschefers förtroendebild och kontrollåtgärder ser ut för att kunna ha förtroende avseende förekomsten av stölder. Teorierna som används för analysen är Uslaner´s teori om moralisk och strategisk tillit och Luhmann´s teoretiska funktionsanalys av förtroende samt Cohen´s och Felson´s rutinaktivitetsteori. Resultatet visar att enhetscheferna anser att deras förtroende för omsorgspersonalen är avgörande för att hemtjänstverksamheten ska fungera. Samtidigt visar resultatet att de kontrollåtgärder enhetscheferna använder inte är tillräckliga för att skydda brukaren från stöld, varför fortsatt forskning kring hur detta skydd kan se ut rekommenderas. / The present paper deals with unit managers trust for care staff in home care from a unit manager's perspective. Since trust is a concept that may vary depending on the area under study, defined the essay examination to cover the unit managers' confidence in the existence of social care staff who steal in the homes of patients. Care Personals thefts of users of home care is an unexplored area, the only thing that can certainly be said is that it exists. Therefore, the paper aims to examine how the unit managers' confidence image and control measures appear to have confidence in the existence of theft. The theories used for the analysis is Uslaner´s theory of moral and strategic trust and Luhmann´s theoretical functional analysis of trust as well as Cohen’s and Felson´s routine activity theory. The results show that the unit managers believe that their confidence in social care staff are essential to home care business to work. While the results show that the control unit managers are using is not adequate to protect the user from theft, so continued research on how this protection could look like is recommended.

Clinical learning experiences form an integral part of the student nurse's training, for it is in the clinical setting that students acquire the knowledge, skills and values necessary for professional practice. The purpose of this research was to explore student nurses experiences during clinical practice. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was utilised, employing the phenomenological method. Unstructured interviews were conducted with student nurses in their final year of the four year nursing programme at a nursing college campus in the Limpopo Province. Tesch's method of data analysis was used. The findings indicate that there are aspects which impact negatively on student nurses' clinical learning experiences, such as lack of teaching and learning support, lack of opportunities for learning, poor theory-practice integration, and poor interpersonal relationships between the students, college tutors and ward staff. Recommendations to enhance the clinical learning experiences of student nurses were made. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Samhället står inför utmaningar gällande den ökade mängden sjukskrivningar till följd av högre arbetsbelastning och nedskärningar inom olika yrkesområden. Detta innebär i sin tur prövningar för den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Denna studie har för avsikt att undersöka före detta enhetschefers psykosociala arbetsmiljö och dess eventuella samband till egen uppsägning. En kvalitativ ansats med målinriktat samt snöbollsurval ligger till grund för undersökningen. Sex intervjuer med före detta enhetschefer i en kommun har genomförts och en bearbetning av det empiriska materialet har skett genom en tematisk analys med hjälp av valda teorier såsom IMGD-modellen samt krav-, kontroll och stödmodellen. Resultatet visar att chefstjänsten har förändrats och att det finns bristande möjligheter att påverka uppdraget. I studien dras slutsatsen att konsekvenser av organisatoriska beslut gett upphov till brister i den sociala och organisatoriska arbetsmiljön vilket i sin tur resulterade i enhetschefernas uppsägning. / The society is facing major challenges regarding sickness absence due to psychosocial work-related causes and increased workload as a result of austerity measures in different professions. This study intends to investigate the psychosocial work environment of the former unit managers and possible links with their own termination. The survey is based on a qualitative approach with a targeted selection. In addition, a snowball surgeon has been used to make contact with significant persons for the purpose of the study. Six individual interviews with former unit managers in a municipality have been carried out and a processing of the empirical material has been done through a thematic analysis using selected theories like the IMGD model as well "high demand - low control model". The results show that unit manager's duties has changed and that the ability to influence the assignment was inadequate. The study indicates that there is a connection between the psychosocial work environment and the unit manager's own termination.

Befattningen enhetschef innefattar mängder av krav från brukare, anhöriga, politiker och även krav som följer med uppdraget. De arbetssituationer som chefer hanterar kan kräva resurser och stöd som underlättar och gör arbetet hanterbart. Lagförändringar inom funktionshinderomsorgen som skett de senaste åren och har gjort att förutsättningarna för enhetscheferna har ändrats (Socialstyrelsen, 2018). Syftet med denna studie är att belysa enhetschefers arbetssituation inom funktionshinderområdet och uppmärksamma det stöd som underlättar arbetet samt de strategier som enhetscheferna använder sig av. Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom öppna intervjuer med åtta respondenter. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att intervjuade enhetschefer upplever en hög grad av administrativt stöd från IT- och HR-avdelningarna. Brister i enhetschefernas arbetsmiljö uppstår också när möjligheten till ersättare är begränsad. Fysisk närhet och personligt förhållande till chefskollegor är en viktig aspekt av enhetschefernas stödsystem, men detta kan även vara en börda. Belastningen är stor i proportion till arbetets tids- och resursaspekt. Det finns en oförståelse från politikerna och ledningen när det gäller verksamhetsområdet och utformandet av insatserna för att tillgodose brukares behov. Aktuell studie bidrar med en förståelse av brister i enhetschefers arbetsmiljö vilket är en utgångspunkt för att skapa hållbara arbetsförhållanden och verksamheter med god kvalité. / The position as unit manager includes a number of demands from users, relatives and political decision makers as well as the demands of the assignment itself. The work situations that managers deal with may require resources and support in order to make the work manageable. The change in legislation of disability care during recent year has changed the conditions for unit manager (The national board of health and welfare, 2018). The aim of this study is to highlight the support the unit managers need and the strategies that they may use in order to function in a changeable and stressful work situation. The data collection of the study was conducted through open-ended interviews with eight respondents. The interviews were then transcribed and analyzed by a qualitative content analysis. The result shows that the interviewed unit managers experience a high level of administrative support from the IT and HR departments. Deficiencies in the unit managers' work environment arise when no substitute managers are engaged. Our interviews indicate that the burden of the unit manager’s assignment is too large in proportion to the time and resource that are allocated for the work. There is also a lack of understanding from politicians and management to design efforts that is needed to meet the needs of the end users and the unit manager. Physical closeness and personal relationships to senior colleagues are an important aspect of unit managers’ support system, but this can also be a burden. Current study contributes to an understanding of shortcomings in the unit manager's work environment, which is a starting point for creating sustainable work conditions and activities with good quality.

Studien syftar till att undersöka uppfattningen kring implementeringen av digitala hjälpmedel i det sociala arbetet med äldre personer i offentlig sektor sett ur två perspektiv. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka om de faktorer som forskningen lyfter fram för en lyckad implementering appliceras i den undersökta kommunens arbete med att införa digitala hjälpmedel inom äldreomsorgen. Detta för att bidra med en större förståelse och ökad kunskap kring processen samt uppmärksamma organisationer om effekterna med att involvera alla berörda parter i implementeringsprocessen. Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsansats, ett abduktivt förhållningssätt och semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod. Urvalet bestod av sex intervjupersoner och utifrån dessa intervjuer har det empiriska materialet bearbetats och analyserats. I resultatet framkommer en samstämmighet hos samtliga intervjupersoner gällande faktorer som spelar in för en lyckad implementering i det sociala arbetet med äldre personer där utbildning och utvärdering är de mest framträdande. Ur resultatet framkommer, trots denna vetskap både på förvaltningsnivå och utförarnivå, en skillnad mellan professionerna gällande uppfattning i vilken grad utbildning och utvärdering sker vid implementering av digitala hjälpmedel. / The thesis aims to examine two perspectives regarding the implementation of digital aids in the social care administration in the public sector. Furthermore, the thesis aims to exam whether the factors, that research highlights for a successful implementation are applied in the examined municipality's work on introducing digital aids in the elderly care. This is to contribute to a greater understanding and increased knowledge of the process and to raise awareness of the effects of involving all stakeholders in the implementation process. The study uses a qualitative and abductive approach. The sample consisted of six semi-structured interviewees as empirical material that was processed and analyzed. In the result, there is a consensus among all interviewees on factors that play a role in successful implementation, where education and evaluation are the most prominent. The result shows, despite this knowledge both at the management level and at the executive level, a difference between the professionals regarding the degree to which education and evaluation takes place when implementing digital tools.