Den här uppsatsen analyserar svensk medias rapportering om valet i Afghanistan 2010. Med hjälp av metoder framtagna av Van Dijk har en analys av artiklar som berör valet 2010 gjorts. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna är postkolonialism och orientalism. Med hjälp av de perspektiven och Van Dijks medieanalys analyseras materialet för att tydliggöra strukturer i media.

This thesis aims to examine and critically revise the language in two of Sweden ́s major newspapers Dagens Nyheter (DN) and Svenska Dagbladet (SvD), regarding the reporting of the police department of Skånes registration of the Swedish Romani minority. The research method used is qualitative text analysis based on Teun Van Dijks model for critical discourse analysis of news discourse. The material examined contains of four articles published the last week of September 2013. This thesis has a critical perspective based on the notion that the media influence the public’s opinion about certain themes, and strives to contribute to the field of research about how the Romani minority is being portrayed in the Swedish press. Previous research of the representation of ethnic minorities in the media has shown that ethnic minorities usually are represented in contexts of criminality or social problems. This thesis concludes that the existing reporting in DN and SvD convey the image of the Romani minority as a discriminated and week group. The newspapers share the value that it is wrong to discriminate due to someone’s ethnicity but to some extent they nevertheless contribute to the impression of the Romani people as a group differed from the majority, even being criminals.

The aim of this study was to examine how everyday heroes are constructed in “Swedish Heroes”, which is a series of articles from Aftonbladet. This thesis also aimed to investigate the similarities and differences based on gender in the construction of everyday heroes. We used a critical discourse analysis influenced by van Dijk to match the aims of this thesis. In this study 13 articles from Aftonbladet were analyzed. The results of our analysis showed that in the articles, the heroes were constructed as unique which separated them from other people. The heroes were represented as role models, and received different rewards for their achievements. Although the heroes faced obstacles throughout their heroic efforts, the hero did not surrender. Our study showed that although the construction of male and female heroes had many similarities, there were also differences to be found. In the analyzed articles the male heroes were represented as confident. The female heroes were represented as caring, and motherhood played a significant role in the construction of female everyday heroes.

Syfte: Att kartlägga eventuella skillnader i konstruktionen av klimatdebatten i DN och Expressen. Metod: Diskursanalys. Teori: Socialkonstruktionism och Diskursanalys. Resultat: Det förekommer skillnader mellan de två tidningarna i form av rubriksättning, ordval och innehåll.

The integration of ICT in our daily life reaches levels that have leaded us to regard them as indispensable to the daily chores. The virtual media contributes to the internalization of a mental model that emphasizes connectivity. This context justifies the academic interest in developing research projects that focus on the field of virtual media. To achieve the purpose to observe power relations that underlie the microblogs, we took the opening pages of Twitter, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and Universidade de São Paulo ( USP). We set the following objectives: i. highlight features of the virtual domain through the characterization of specific notions of the field, ii. situate microblog as a genre, considering its compositional structure and the support that is played, iii. evaluate the emergence of hypertext as a basis for digital textual genres; comment on the language in this context, iv. Identify discursive structures that contribute to the naturalization of power and control procedures; v. understand how social structures and discursive structures automate a discourse that dictates the urgent need for visibility and simulate notions of unrestricted freedom of expression. In the first chapter, we conceptualize some terms of cyberculture. We took Castells (2010) to deal with concept of internet; with Vaz (2008) we talk about networking and with Santaella (2003) and Primo (2008b) we brought the concept of media; texts of Levy (1998) comment about virtual to finalize making a few statements about globalization, backed up by Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2002), Sodré (2010), Moraes (2010), Britto (2009) and Chauí (2006). In the second chapter, we followed Marcuschi (2005) and Bakhtin (2003) to define the notion of gender adopted, we use the constructs of Komesu (2005), Recuero (2003) and France (2008) among others authors to characterize blog and we followed Zago (2008), Java et al. (2007) and Huberman et al. (2008) in characterizing the microblog. Also in this section, we briefly consider language in the digital media (Marcuschi, 2005 and Soares, 2002) and then we got into the question of support (mainly Marcuschi, 2009, Chartier, 1998). The third chapter dealt with the Critical Discourse Analysis from the sociocognitive view advocated by van Dijk (1985, 2008 and others). In the last chapter, we describe the methodological procedures used in data collection. Simple observation coupled with concepts of CDA based the interpretation of the corpus made of 36 posts. Then we proceed to the description of the methodology and composition of the corpus, we draw the profile of the institutions surveyed and we began to analyze data. The results confirmed the hypothesis that discursive structures related to social structures are responsible for the automation of a discourse that preaches the undeniable visibility and unrestricted freedom of expression in computer-mediated communication and thus contribute to the naturalization of control procedures that feed vertical power relations. / A inserção das TIC em nosso cotidiano chega a níveis que já nos induzem a considerá-las como indispensáveis aos afazeres diários. A mídia virtual colabora para a introjeção de um modelo mental valorativo da conectividade. Esse contexto justifica o interesse acadêmico no desenvolvimento de pesquisas que se debrucem sobre o domínio da mídia virtual. Para atender à proposta de observar relações de poder que perpassam os microblogs a partir da constituição de discursos de instituições de ensino superior, tomamos como objeto de trabalho as páginas iniciais do Twitter da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Estabelecemos como objetivos específicos: i. destacar particularidades do domínio virtual por meio da caracterização de noções específicas desse campo; ii. situar o microblog como gênero textual, considerando sua estrutura composicional e o suporte em que é reproduzido; iii. avaliar a emergência do hipertexto como base para os gêneros textuais digitais; tecer considerações sobre a linguagem nesse âmbito; iv. Identificar estruturas discursivas que contribuem para a naturalização de procedimentos de controle e poder; v. compreender como estruturas sociais e estruturas discursivas se relacionam de modo a automatizar um discurso que dita a premência por visibilidade e ilude quando simula liberdade de expressão irrestrita. Para fundamentar a pesquisa, conceituamos alguns termos próprios da cibercultura. Partimos de estudo de Castells (2010) para tratar de internet; com Vaz (2008), discorremos sobre rede; com Santaella (2003) e Primo (2008b), trouxemos o conceito de mídia; fizemos observações sobre o virtual com Lévy (1998), além de algumas colocações sobre globalização, embasadas em Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2002), Sodré (2010), Moraes (2010), Britto (2009) e Chauí (2006). Para delimitar a noção de gênero adotada, tomamos Marcuschi (2005) e Bakhtin (2003); usamos os construtos de Komesu (2005), Recuero (2003) e França (2008) entre outros para caracterizar blog e Zago (2008), Java et al. (2007) e Huberman et al. (2008) na caracterização do microblog. Fizemos breves considerações sobre linguagem no ambiente digital (MARCUSCHI, 2005 e SOARES, 2002) para depois entrarmos na questão do suporte (principalmente MARCUSCHI, 2009, CHARTIER, 1998). Estes conceitos foram articulados aos da Análise Crítica do Discurso a partir da visão sociocognitiva defendida por van Dijk (1985, 2008 entre outros). Os procedimentos metodológicos empregados na coleta de dados partiram da observação simples para interpretação, pelo viés da ACD, de corpus composto por 36 posts. Os resultados confirmaram a hipótese de que estruturas discursivas relacionadas a estruturas sociais são responsáveis pela automatização de um discurso que prega a visibilidade inconteste e a liberdade de expressão irrestrita na comunicação mediada por computador e assim contribuem para a naturalização de procedimentos de controle que alimentam relações de poder verticalizadas.

This paper carries out a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the article "¿Chinofobia?” published by the Spanish newspaper El País. It applies the theory of racist discourse in the media as formulated by Teun A. van Dijk. Its hypothesis is that the article, which supposedly analyses discrimination against the Chinese minority in Spain, covertly blames the Chinese minority itself for the discrimination. Applying CDA methodology as exemplified in previous studies by van Dijk, the paper analyses the article on global and local levels, and delineates its mental model. The global level analysis describes the article in terms of macropropositions and proposes a macrostructure: the self-alienation of the Chinese minority. The paper then analyses how the macrostructure is reinforced on the local level through micropropositions by examining 1) how vocabulary serves the negative presentation and othering of the Chinese minority, 2) how strategies of mitigation minimise discrimination by employing imprecise and vague language, 3) how quotes are used to give coherence and force to the macrostructure, 4) how implications associate the Chinese minority with criminality, and 5) how stereotyped beliefs about the Chinese minority are presented as common sense (presuppositions) and fallaciously argued. Finally, the paper delineates the mental model: the presuppositions about integration, and the implicit warning that minorities should integrate or they will be discriminated against.

This study critically examine what discourses are found on five websites of Swedish volunteer travel agencies and whether they reflect postcolonial and racialized structures between the global north and the global south. Thus, the study aims to focus on the relationship between whites and non-whites to shed light on potential unequal racial power relations. Furthermore, the portrayal of the volunteers and recipients has been analyzed in accordance with van Dijk's critical discourse analysis, inspired by intragroup discourse about others. The study identified three overarching discourses, discourses about the representation of the recipients, discourses about the representation of the volunteers and discourses about the representation of the countries. The result identified an unequal power relationship characterized by colonial and racial logics. A postcolonial distinction between “us and them” was demonstrated through the ways the volunteer was presented as superior to the inferior recipient. Furthermore, this study shows through analysis of the With Savior Industrial Complex, that the recipients' needs where emphasized to recruit inexperienced volunteers. Thusly, showing that the travel agencies benefit from the notion that the recipients in the global south needs “the white savior”.

Uppsatsen avser undersöka om bakomliggande politiska ideologier syns i två svenskar dagstidningars framställning av Sveriges medverkan i de NATO-ledda operationerna under konflikten i Libyen 2011. En kritisk diskursanalys har använts enligt Van Dijks modell. Studien visade att tidningarnas bakomliggande politiska hållning syntes till viss del i rapporteringen. DN:s liberala hållning kunde urskiljas i att de lät många parter komma till tals, medan SvD lutade mycket av sin rapportering på det moderata partiets företrädare. De tycktes också ha lagt olika mycket allvar och dramatik i händelserna i Libyen 2011.

Motivation: The aim of this study has been to conduct a comparative study concerning how race, ethnicity and class is represented in American contrary to Swedish daily press and from there on to explore and explain similarities and differences that have been found in the material. Problem statement: • How is race, ethnicity and class represented in American contrary Swedish daily press? • What are the similarities and differences between the countries’ daily news flow? • What causes the similiarities and differences to achieve their current form? Material: The material which has been the subject of this study consists of eight articles – four American articles (USA Today) and four Swedish articles (Dagens Nyheter). The material has been elected to meet certain criterias and mainly discusses the effects the health care reform will have on the American population. Approach: The material has been approached by using theories concerned with race, ethnicity, class and framing. The method used to analyze the material was Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Results: The results shows significant similarities, although mainly differences, between the countries’ daily news flow. The working class is offered limited space in American as well as Swedish newspaper reporting. Class is used as a tool to categorize the figurants in the material and to give them certain authority. The authority given is demonstrated by the allowance of drawing conclusions, something which is restriced to the capitalist class and upper middle class. The occurence of race and ethnicity differs and is only perceivable in Swedish media. The American articles appear more detailed in describing pros and cons with the health care reform while the Swedish articles mainly describe the negative effects of the current health care system. Conclusion: Swedish press invokes the ethnicity concept in correlation with non-whites. The race concept is invoked in correlation with the white race’s raceless power. The reason could be that ethnicity is not rated as rasism and has retrieved a positive affirmative, although it does reinforce the concept of portraying only non-whites as poor. It has been found unlikely that American press does not correlate with neither race nor ethnicity because they simply have not interviewed non-white people. The similarities are thought to be a result of Western similarities and differences are results of political and cultural national differences.

Syfte: Det generella syftet med denna studie har varit att nå en kvalitativ reflektion angående skillnader i framställning av en konflikt i två mycket skilda publikationer med mycket olika ekonomiska förutsättningar under två tidsperioder. Material från dagstidningen Göteborgs-Posten och tidskriften Sydasien är analyserade för att undersöka dessa skrifters behandling av konflikten på Sri Lanka under 1983 och 1998/1999. Teori: Diskursteori utifrån Norman Fairclough och Teun van Dijk. Sociologisk teori utifrån Pierre Bourdieu, genom begreppen angående produktionen av tro, kapital och fält som han arbetat fram. Metod: Kvalitativ kritisk diskursanalys (CDA) utifrån Faircloughs tredimensionella modell: text-diskursiv praktik-social praktik. Resultat: Genom den kritiska diskursanalysen nåddes en djupare bild av olika dimensioner i den problematik som framställning av ett komplicerat skeende som konflikten på Sri Lanka tillhör. Det korta svaret är att - ja – tidskriften Sydasien ger totalt sett en djupare, mer mångfacetterad och bredare bild av konflikten än Göteborgs-Posten. Detta kan man se under båda tidsperioderna som analyserats. Men – detta resultat kan man problematisera: för att få denna mångdimensionella bild så krävs det att man läser alla texter som Sydasien publicerar angående konflikten, om endast en artikel här och en där väljs ut, så riskerar man att få en begränsad bild likt den i Göteborgs-Posten. Stora krav ställs med andra ord på publiken.