Sammanfattning Titel: En kvantitativ studie om balans mellan arbete och privatliv i relation till självmedkänsla, utbrändhet, arbetstillfredsställelse och uppsägningsintention Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Sara Tosterud Lundin och Cornelia Widmark Handledare: Dr Jonas Kågström Datum: 2023 - juni Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur balansen mellan arbete och privatliv ser ut för anställda inom finanssektorn i kontrast till mer traditionella vårdyrken, samt vilken betydelse balansen har på organisatorisk nivå. Därtill ämnar studien undersöka hur faktorerna självmedkänsla, utbrändhet, arbetstillfredsställelse och uppsägningsintention förhåller sig tillbalans mellan arbete och privatliv. Metod: Kvantitativ metod av deduktiv art där det empiriska materialet samlats in med hjälpav två digitala enkäter som skickades ut till 7 104 bankanställda respektive publicerades somett inlägg i en Facebook-grupp för 22 600 socionomer. Totalt resulterade enkäterna i 531 svar som kunde användas. Den empiriskt insamlade datan har analyserats i statistikprogrammet JASP genom deskriptiva-, korrelations- och nätverksanalyser samt ett t-test. Resultat & slutsats: Studien visar att bankanställdas balans mellan arbete och privatliv är god, dock bör organisationerna ha en medvetenhet om att frågan om balans är komplex då det finns många faktorer som kan påverka nivån av balans. Samtliga av studiens hypoteser bekräftades, vilket var i enlighet med tidigare forskning. Bland annat visade studiens resultat att balans mellan arbete och privatliv har ett positivt samband med självmedkänsla och arbetstillfredsställelse, samt ett negativt samband med utbrändhet och uppsägningsintention. Utöver studiens hypoteser framkom två nya korrelationer. Dessa korrelationer visar att en högre självmedkänsla härleder en högre arbetstillfredsställelse och en lägre uppsägningsintention. Examensarbetets bidrag: Bidraget är ökad kunskap kring hur dessa fem ämnesområden påverkar varandra i en svensk kontext avseende finansbranschen. Detta då tidigare studier inom dessa ämnesområden framförallt är riktade till populationer inom sjuk- och hälsovården. Studien har även påvisat ytterligare två direkta samband mellan två ämnesområden: självmedkänsla och arbetstillfredsställelse samt självmedkänsla och uppsägningsintention. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: 1. Genomföra en liknande generaliserbar studie avseende finansbranschen; 2. Undersöka hur det ser ut för dem som varit utbrända men sedan kommer tillbaka till jobbet; 3. Undersöka om svaren skiljer sig mellan olika roller inom yrket; 4. Kombinera enkätundersökningen med intervjuer för att undersöka ämnet mer på djupet genom direkta interaktioner. Nyckelord: Balans mellan arbete och privatliv, självmedkänsla, utbrändhet, arbetstillfredsställelse, uppsägningsintention, finanssektorn, vårdyrken, bankanställda, socionomer / Abstract Title: A quantitative study of work-life balance in relation to self-compassion, burnout, jobsatisfaction, and turnover intention Level: Bachelor’s thesis in business administration Authors: Sara Tosterud Lundin and Cornelia Widmark Supervisor: Dr Jonas KågströmDate: 2023 - juni Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the work-life balance of employees in the finance sector compared to more traditional healthcare professions, and the balance impact at organizational level. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the relationships between self-compassion, burnout, job satisfaction and turnover intention with work-life balance. Method: A deductive quantitative approach was employed, and the empirical data was collected through two digital surveys distributed to 7 104 bank employees and posted in a Facebook group comprising 22 600 social workers. A total of 531 usable responses were obtained. The empirically collected data was analyzed in the statistics program JASP, employing descriptive, correlational, network, and t-test analyses. Results & conclusions: The study demonstrates that the work-life balance of bank employees is satisfactory; however, organizations should be aware that the issue of balance is complex, as there are numerous factors that can influence the level of balance. All of the study'shypotheses were confirmed, which aligns with previous research. Among other factors, the study's findings indicate that work-life balance is positively related to self-compassion and job satisfaction, while being negatively associated with burnout and turnover intention. In addition to the study's hypotheses, two new correlations emerged. These correlations reveal that higher levels of self-compassion are linked to increased job satisfaction and reduced turnover intention. Contribution of the thesis: This thesis contributes to increased understanding of how these five research areas interrelate within the Swedish context, specifically in the finance industry. Previous studies have primarily focused on populations within the healthcare sector. Furthermore, the study identified two direct relationships between two research areas: self-compassion and job satisfaction as well as self-compassion and turnover intention. Suggestions for future research: 1. Conduct a similar generalizable study regarding the financial industry; 2. Examine the experiences of individuals who have experienced burnout but returned to work; 3. Explore potential differences in responses among different job roles within the profession; 4. Combine the survey method with interviews to delve deeper into thetopic through direct interactions. Key words: Work-life balance, self-compassion, burnout, job satisfaction, turnover intention, finance sector, healthcare professions, bank employees, social workers.

This master thesis highlights employees’ perceptions and experiences of working remotely in the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of the thesis is to understand how remote work during pandemic times impacts employees’ perception of their overall working life. In addition to that, it highlights employees’ experience of their social interaction, impression exchange, feedback sharing, trust-building, and performance at work. It strives to illuminate employees’ impression of their work-life balance and the specific company’s organizational culture when working remotely in pandemic times. The research problem is built upon possible reductions of informal interaction between employees when working remotely, which further on can cause separation of teams and a decreased employee identification with the organization. The research problem also has its foundation in the possible blurring of boundaries between two components, personal- and professional life, when working from home. The thesis was formed by a qualitative research approach where the empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews with employees at a specific company. The analysis illuminates insightful findings with support from previous research, theories, and concepts. The empirical results show that employees have a variety of opinions about their work situation. Some argued for positive work-life balance, workflow, and collaboration, whereas other interviewees pointed out that informal interaction, trust-building, and feedback-sharing suffer when working remotely. Empirical data claim that remote work influences employees’ identification and sense of belonging within organizations, especially for new employees. Additionally, work-life balance became more balanced for some but challenging for others. Another finding shows that the perception and experience about the overall work life and organizational culture might not only be impacted by Covid-19 but also by the fast-growing company size.

Introduktion Arbetsrelaterad känsla av sammanhang (eng. WSOC) kan användas som en indikator för arbetstrivsel och bygger på hur anställda ser på sitt arbete utifrån hanterbarhet, begriplighet och meningsfullhet. Kunskapsläget gällande hur WSOC påverkar anställdas vilja att stanna hos sin arbetsgivare är begränsat. Syfte Syftet var att undersöka hur WSOC relaterar till anställdas intention att stanna kvar hos sin arbetsgivare. Metod Syfte och frågeställningar besvarades genom en kvantitativ analys baserad på en enkätundersökning bland 450 personer i den svenska Marinen. De statistiska test som genomförts är oberoende t-test och envägs-ANOVA. Resultat De som ser sig stanna kvar hos sin arbetsgivare om tre år eller inte har funderat på att lämna det senaste året har signifikant högre WSOC än de som inte ser sig stanna kvar eller har övervägt att sluta. Starkare WSOC tyder på en högre intention för värnpliktiga att ta anställning och för GSS/K att söka officersutbildning. Resultatet tyder även på ett samband mellan WSOC och balansen mellan arbete och privatliv. Slutsats Resultatet tyder på ett samband mellan ett högre WSOC och en vilja att stanna hos sin arbetsgivare. Med vetskapen om hur personalen uppfattar sin känsla av sammanhang på arbetet kan en arbetsgivare vidta åtgärder för att öka behållandegraden och även som i Försvarsmaktens fall, öka rekryteringsgraden till myndigheten. Nyckelord Arbetsrelaterad känsla av sammanhang, behålla personal, rekrytering, Försvarsmakten, balans mellan arbete och privatliv. / Introduction Work related sense of coherence (WSOC) can be used as an indicator of well-being at work and is based on how employees view their work in terms of manageability, comprehensibility and meaningfulness. Research on how WSOC affects employees’ willingness to stay with their employer is as of now limited. Aim The aim of the study was to investigate how WSOC relates to employees' intention to remain with their employer. Method The aim and sub-questions were answered through a quantitative analysis based on a survey among 450 employees in the Swedish Navy. The statistical tests carried out are independent t- test and one-way ANOVA. Results People who see themselves staying with their employer for the next three years or those who have not considered leaving in the past year have a significantly stronger WSOC than those who do not see themselves staying or have considered leaving. Stronger WSOC furthermore indicated a higher intention for conscripts to take up employment and for employed sailors to enroll for officer training. The results also indicate a relationship between WSOC and work- life balance. Conclusion The results indicated a relationship between a stronger WSOC and a willingness to stay with one's employer. With the knowledge of how the employees perceives their sense of coherence at work, an employer can take measures to increase the retention rate and also, as in the case of the Armed Forces, increase the recruitment rate. Key words Work related sense of coherence (WSOC), retention, recruitment, Armed forces, work-life balance.

RÉSUMÉ Les joueuses de hockey professionnelles au Canada ne sont pas intégrées dans un circuit professionnel conférant les statuts, privilèges et protections similaires à leurs homologues masculins évoluant dans la Ligue nationale de hockey. Malgré que ces joueuses dédient une quantité énorme de temps et de ressources à leur emploi de hockeyeuse, il demeure un emploi d’appoint faiblement rémunéré, sans possibilité de filet social et comptant une multitude de facteurs propices à l’émergence d’atteintes à la santé physique et mentale. Ceci pose des enjeux importants pour ces femmes en termes d’interface entre leur emploi principal, leur emploi de hockeyeuse et leur vie personnelle. En adoptant une approche écologique dans l’analyse de ce phénomène, ce mémoire vise à comprendre comment les joueuses professionnelles de hockey se représentent leur interface travail-vie personnelle (ITVP) en marge des atteintes potentielles à la santé mentale et physique connues dans le sport professionnel. Partant de l’analyse de contenu de dix entrevues semi-dirigées menées en 2022, nos résultats montrent que l’ITVP des joueuses s’avère essentiellement conflictuelle puisqu’elles ne sont pas munies des ressources nécessaires pour répondre aux demandes environnementales (p. ex. : nécessité d’avoir un emploi principal, manque de financement, etc.), sont soumises à plusieurs facteurs de risque organisationnels (p. ex. : salaires insuffisants, installations sportives inadéquates, etc.) et qu’elles n’évoluent pas nécessairement dans un environnement qui les protège de ces risques. Cependant, des facteurs de protection importants atténuent aussi cette relation conflictuelle pour les joueuses (p. ex. : « l’effet de la chambre de hockey », motivation accrue, etc.). L’approche qualitative mise de l’avant permet de brosser un portrait encore inédit de la réalité de ces joueuses à l’égard de leur interface travail-vie personnelle. Cette recherche contribue à l’avancement des connaissances chez ces travailleuses au statut particulier notamment par l’identification des antécédents à leur ITVP, tant dans son expression conflictuelle que d’enrichissement, le tout en précisant leurs fonctions respectives (stresseurs ou ressources). / ABSTRACT Professional women hockey players are not integrated into a professional circuit that provides similar status, privileges and protections as their male counterparts in the National Hockey League. Although these players dedicate an enormous amount of time and resources to their job as professional hockey players, it remains an underpaid side job with no social safety net and they encounter a multitude of risk factors that contribute to the emergence of physical and mental health issues. This poses a significant challenge for these women in terms of the interface between their main job, their professional hockey career and their personal life. Using the ecological approach in the analysis of this phenomenon, this thesis aims to understand how professional women hockey players experience their work-life interface (WLI) with regards to the potential mental and physical health problems known in professional sport. Based on the content analysis from ten semi-structured interviews conducted in 2022, our study shows that women hockey players' interface is mostly conflictual. This primarily due to the lack of resources they possess to meet environmental demands (e.g., need to have a primary job, lack of funding, etc.), multiple organizational risk factors (e.g., insufficient salaries, inadequate sports facilities, etc.), and they do not operate in an environment that protects them from these risks. However, we note that there are protective factors that mitigate the conflictual dyad for the players (e.g., the "the locker room effect", increased motivation, etc.). The qualitative approach used in this study provides an unprecedented picture of the reality of these players with respect to their work-life interface. This research contributes to the advancement of knowledge about these workers with a special status, in particular by identifying the antecedents of the players' WLI and by the fact that we were able to specify the function (stressors or resources) of the antecedents identified.

博士(政策科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Policy and Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

博士(政策科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Policy and Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

The main purpose of this study was to explore the impact of organisational change on the lived experiences of employees’ well-being. A sample of six employees participated in the study. The requisite data was obtained using semi-structured interviews. The literature review aimed to conceptualise organisational change and its related constructs, to explore employee well-being and its related constructs, and to understand the impact of organisational change on employees’ well-being in organisational contexts. The specific aims of the empirical study were to explore the impact of organisational change on employee well-being, to provide a basic framework that may assist organisations in managing change initiatives directed at enhancing employee well-being, and to formulate recommendations for possible future research on the impact of organisational change on employee well-being. The findings of this study indicated that the impact of organisational change on employees’ well-being is generally negative owing to the uncertainty of moving from the known to the unknown. All employees are impacted by organisational changes. The findings further indicated that the adverse impacts of organisational change may be moderated by communication, participation in the organisational change process and support. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com (Industrial and Organizational Psychology)

Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, трех частей, заключения, библиографического списка и приложений. В теоретической части представлены особенности, классификация, роль и влияющие факторы благополучия сотрудников в условиях удаленной работы. В практической части анализируется организация как объект управления и кадровый состав организации, оценивается самочувствие сотрудников в условиях удаленной работы в компании. На основе полученных данных были разработаны предложения по улучшению благосостояния сотрудников в условиях удаленной работы, проведена оценка эффективности предлагаемых мер в отношении экономических и социальных последствий их реализации. В заключение подводятся итоги в соответствии с поставленными задачами. / The final qualifying work consists of an introduction, three parts, a conclusion, a bibliographic list, and appendixes. The theoretical part presents features, classification, role and influencing factors of well-being of employees under conditions of remote work. The practical part analyzes the organization as an object of management and the personnel composition of the organization, evaluates well-being of employees under conditions of remote work in the company. Based on the data obtained, proposals have been developed to improve well-being of employees under conditions of remote work, evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed measures regarding the economic and social consequences of their implementation was made. In conclusion, the results are summed up in accordance with the tasks set.

This qualitative study delves into the intricate relationship between gender equality policies and work-life balance in the Swedish professional landscape. Thematic analysis of narratives from four respondents reveals insights into "Perception of Gender Equality Policies," "Key Challenges in Balancing Career and Family Responsibilities," and "Organizational Practices and Cultures." Aligned with Herzberg's Balance Theory and Feminist Theory, the findings highlight the positive impact of gender equality policies, fostering inclusivity and challenging norms. Challenges persist, including gender role conformity, family prioritization stigma, and glass ceilings for women. Organizational culture and leadership play pivotal roles, with resistance varying across departments. The study extends discourse on policy effectiveness to Sweden, emphasizing nuanced considerations in the evolving work landscape. Resonating with prior research, it underscores the necessity of future studies on individual experiences, evolving work paradigms, and intersectionality to enhance gender equality policy implications. A vital step in understanding Swedish work dynamics, this research offers insights for policymakers, organizations, and scholars, aiming to inform policy improvements for a more equitable work environment.

Den här studien är en kvalitativ studie där skrivande haft avsikten att genom djupintervjuer med sex kvinnliga chefer på höga chefspositioner ta reda på kvinnornas personliga upplevelser av sin karriärväg. Syftet med studien har därför varit att skapa en djupare förståelse för kvinnliga chefers upplevelser av framgångsfaktorer i sitt karriäravancemang, inom privat sektor. Det vill säga vad som har varit avgörande för deras avancemang men även deras upplevelser av eventuella hinder som dykt upp längs vägen och hur de tagit sig förbi dessa. Målet med studien har också varit att undersöka om de kvinnliga chefernas upplevelser stämmer överens med tidigare forskning och teorier som påstår att det är svårare för kvinnor att avancera i karriären. Genom djupintervjuer ges en mer ingående förståelse i varje kvinnas upplevelse av sin karriär och hur de ser på sin egen karriär och vilka faktorer som varit avgörande för dem. På så sätt ville skrivande i denna studie bidra med kunskap om hur det är som kvinna att avancera i privat sektor, i en svensk kontext. Resultatet visade att de kvinnliga chefernas upplevelser överensstämmer med tidigare forskning och studier. Emellertid anser sig de kvinnliga cheferna inte ha upplevt några hinder i sin karriärväg, även om skrivande tolkat att de ändå stött på vissa hinder. / This study is a qualitative study where the writers intended to find out women's personal experiences of their career path through in-depth interviews with six female managers in senior management positions. The purpose of the studies was therefore to create a deeper understanding of women managers' experiences of success factors in their career advancement, in the private sector. That is, what has been decisive for their advancement but also their experiences of any obstacles that have appeared along the way. The aim of the study is also to investigate whether the female managers' experiences are in line with previous research and theories that claim that it is more difficult for women to advance in their careers. In-depth interviews provide a deep understanding of each woman's experience of her career and how they view their own career and what factors have been decisive for them. In this way, the writers in this study wanted to contribute with knowledge about what it is like as a woman to advance in the private sector, in a Swedish context. The results showed that the female managers' experiences are consistent with previous research and studies. However, the female managers do not consider themselves to have experienced any obstacles in their career path, although the writers interpreted that they nevertheless encountered some obstacles. / <p>Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.</p><p>There are other digital material (eg film, image or audio files) or models/artifacts that belongs to the thesis and need to be archived.</p>