Bakgrund Affordanser är ett kraftfullt verktyg för utvärdering och redesign av artefakter, mer specifikt informationssystem. Affordanser innefattar att identifiera vilka handlingsmöjligheter som informationssystem tillhandahåller för användarna. Dock är affordanskonceptet som sådant brett och i dagsläget finns det endas t begränsade affordansbaserade ramverk att tillämpa för design av informationssystem. Där med finns det ett behov att utveckla ett ramverk som specificerar affordanskonceptet för att kunna utvärdera och redesign a informations system. Ramverket bör samtidigt vara brett för att täcka upp för alla potentiella handlingsmöjligheter. Syfte Syftet med studien är att utforma ett affordansbaserat ramverk för utvärdering och redesign av informationssystem, som sedan testas genom en fall studie. Metod Studien bygger på en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi tillsammans med ett konstruktivistiskt perspektiv och en deduktiv ansats. Datainsamlingsmetoder innefattar intervjuer, observationer, samt loggbok. Metoden innefattas också av välgrundad metodutveckling samt en kriteriebaserad utvärderingsstrategi. Teori Teorikapitlet bygger på litteraturstudier av informationssystem, designvetenskap och affordanser. Resultat Det slutgiltiga resultatet bekräftar att affordanser är ett värdefullt verktyg vid utvärdering och redesign av informationssystem. Ramverket som sådant visade sig vara brett vilket resulterade i ett mer specificerat ramverk med riktlinjer för framtida studier.

The word fintech-companies stands for companies who utilize the ever evolving modern technology to succeed in the financial space. Klarna is a prime example of a fintech-company who have made success by providing payment-options to their users via their phone application, Their business model has made the swedishborn company a international giant, and they are the most used paymentprovider with 150 million active users. Nonetheless the Swedish media declared Klarna users the worst credit customers in the history of the world after statistics showed how much they lost due to customers not being able to pay back. Another leading Swedish fintech-company who provides payment-options is Qliro, which differs from Klarna by one factor, Qliro does not sell products. The purpose of the study is to examine how consumption discourse is created in Klarna and Qliros applications, and to compare the results between the two. The study also looked at how the structure and functions of the applications positioned the users as actors.  The method used in the study was the critical discourse analysis combined with the analytic tool affordances from the technographic analysis method. This method was used due to the standpoint the critical discourse analysis takes on discourse as a producer and reproducer of knowledge, social identities and social relations. In the analysis we used the three dimensional model which is provided by the critical discourse analysis and provides methods to analyze discursive practice, text and social practice. The affordances tool was combined with the discursive practice to show a more complete vision of the production of discourse.  During the analysis three types of discourse were identified; economic discourse, discourse about responsibility and consumption discourse, but only the first two occurred on Qliro. The economic discourse focused mostly on economic responsibilities on both the applications, encouraging moderate consumption through text and symbols. The discourse about responsibility encouraged both economic responsibility and responsible consumption through functions, text and symbols. The consumption discourse on Klarna was on their marketplace and their connected functions. It was shown on the sponsored advertisements and encouraged consumption and created desire through text and images that projected symbolic and objective value on the products. The analysis also identified text on Qliro who could create a relaxed relationship between user and company, but they also positioned themselves in an authoritarian position by declaring they will deny loans that seem unreasonable.

Digital interactivity has changed the dissemination and availability of information. Traditionally, editors have acted as gatekeepers to ensure quality information flow within the mass media. With social media, the citizen can publish and disseminate information, which has created the term citizen journalism. The goal of The Media Inquiry (Swedish government official reports) is to support freedom of expression and diversity of subject areas, which is a problem when publishers reduce pluralism in opinion. Previous research shows that scientific attention to alternative media has increased in recent years but there are few studies on content in alternative media. The purpose of the study is therefore to find out what the information environment around alternative media in Sweden looks like today: how citizen journalists discuss news topics, what areas of interest are visible, to what extent affordances are used and how tendencies towards eco-chambers is manifesting. To answer the questions, a case study has been used focusing on three Twitter accounts. A streaming API was used to capture tweets for a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of posts made on and in connection to three accounts by citizen journalists. The results showed that a significant portion of information activities are concentrated on mediating and communicating news and opinions. Areas of interest were news, social information, and criticism of power. Mentions and retweets were the most used functions and opinion-reinforcing information was a confirmation of eco-chambers.

The importance of information literacy has become increasingly evident in the expansive information environment of social media platforms. Anyone can share information, which also leads to the spread of misinformation. For instance, many individuals share information about ADHD diagnoses, often claiming that certain behaviors are definitive signs of having ADHD. In this qualitative study we first use the walkthrough method to observe the platform’s information architecture, drawing on affordance theory and how it can affect user’s interaction and interpretations on the platform. Secondly, we conduct semi-structured interviews to examine how users interactions and interpretations are influenced by their source criticism skills, grounded in information literacy. The results from the walkthrough method show that the platform’s affordances related to interaction and interpretation, such as comments, are easy to find and use. It is also evident that there is a choice about which features are more prominent than others. It also shows that the short-form content and scrolling-function make it easy for users to consume a large amount of information in a short time. The clearest result from the interviews is that respondents interpretate information about ADHD on TikTok, to be general and primarily interact with content that is entertaining and fun. The study has led to several conclusions. Two of them are firstly, that functions on TikTok are strategically placed to affect how users interact with the content. Secondly, that users' approach to information literacy affects whether users find the information reliable, which in turn affects how they interact with it.

This study explores the impact of information architecture (IA) through choice architecture on conversion rates for Software as a Service (SaaS) company websites. This study is performed as a case study where the research underscores the necessity of a well-balanced IA that effectively aligns user needs, content, and context. Although achieving this balance is complex, the findings illustrate that a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between IA and conversions can enhance conversion rates. By examining the most visited and highest converting pages over the study period, the research identifies key differences and commonalities among these pages. It goes into the relationship between visual affordances within IA, choice architecture and conversions, offering insights into how design elements influence user behavior and conversion outcomes. The data suggests that an increase in visual affordances aimed at promoting conversions does not necessarily boost conversion rates. Additionally, while visit duration appears to have minimal impact on conversions, there is a clear visitor preference for certain types of conversions than others. Integrating insights from previous research with the study's findings, the proposed formula to gauge the impact of design and IA on conversions is. This formula indicates the extent to which visual affordances impact conversions through IA, enhancing our understanding of how design affects user behavior and conversion rates on SaaS company websites.

Den här studien undersöker vilka affordanser sociala medie plattformarna X, Instagram och Rumble förser och hur affordanserna används av tre olika antifeministiska kreatörer. Vi använde oss av Treem och Leonardis teori om affordanser, där observationsschemat delades in i synlighet, varaktighet, redigerbarhet och anknytning. Resultatet i studien visar att användarna interagerar över flera plattformar och ofta använder länkar för att koppla samman sina konton. Detta ger dem möjlighet att sprida och förstärka antifeministiska perspektiv över olika kanaler. Affordanser används både av användarna och publiken för att uttrycka hat mot kvinnor i exempelvis livechatten i livestreams eller inlägg på X. Detta kan skapa en "vi" mot "dem" mentalitet vilket utnyttjas av antifeminister för att locka publik. Designen i sociala medier plattformarna främjar inte heller kritiskt tänkande bland publiken vilket underlättar för antifeminister att skapa och upprätthålla en lojal publik som inte får möjligheten att ifrågasätta de budskap som antifeministerna förmedlar. / This study examines the affordances provided by the social media platforms X, Instagram, and Rumble and how these affordances are utilized by three different anti-feminist creators. We applied Treem and Leonardi's theory of affordances, where an observation chart was divided into visibility, persistence, editability, and association. The results of the study indicate that users interact across multiple platforms and often use links to connect their accounts. This allows them to disseminate and reinforce anti-feminist perspectives across different channels. Affordances are utilized both by users and the audience to express misogyny, for example, in a live chat during livestreams or posts on X. This can create an 'us' versus 'them' mentality, which is exploited by anti-feminists to attract an audience. The design of social media platforms also does not promote critical thinking among the audience, facilitating anti-feminists in creating and maintaining a loyal audience that is not given the opportunity to question the messages conveyed by the anti-feminists.

The purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding of political party organizations' digital communication by investigating what and how Swedish political youth associations communicate on TikTok. The purpose is realized through a case study of two youth associations, Moderata Ungdomsförbundet (MUF) and Sveriges Socialdemokratiska ungdomsförbund (SSU). The material is collected from a three-month period (November 1, 2023 - January 31, 2024) and the method of the thesis is a combination of quantitative multimodal content analysis and thematic analysis. The theoretical framework provides an understanding of the youth associations' conditions and expectations as an organization, as well as the media logics and norms that they need to adhere to in their communication. In the result it became clear that what the youth associations communicate differs. The most frequently communicated content from SSU consisted of entertainment content, closely followed by political content. MUF mostly focused on political content, but entertainment was also seen. Like previous research, only a small part of the material consisted of personal content. In terms of how the youth associations communicate, there was a similarity in that both associations used a comic style frequently, something that is typical for the platform and thus becomes a way for the youth associations to adopt the current style on TikTok. Similar to previous research, however, there was a lack of interactive tendencies on the part of MUF, which the platform invites. SSU appeared to use the interactive style in about half of the material. Similar to previous studies, we found that both SSU and MUF were diligent users of affordances such as music, audio, text, hashtag and location features. Tendencies we could see in how the youth associations communicated were also that they use platform trends and vernaculars frequently, which differs from previous research. We could thus state that both youth associations showed an adaptation to the platform dynamics.