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Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010 / Alimentação e nutrição são determinantes fundamentais que afetam a saúde das populações humanas, sejam estas ricas ou pobres, onde o padrão alimentar de cada grupo relaciona-se diretamente com o seu perfil de morbi- mortalidade. O Brasil enfrenta, ao mesmo tempo, o combate à fome e à desnutrição e um crescente aumentodas doenças relacionadas ao sobre peso e à obesidade, fato este que demanda, cada vez mais, a adoção de práticas de educação nutricional voltadas à promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Para tal desafio, o Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, através da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição (PNAN), tem como plano de ação a produção de materiais informativos pertinentes ao tema. O objetivo desse estudo é realizar uma análise qualitativa dessas estratégias de informação elaboradas pela PNAN,a partir de 1999, data de sua publicação, conhecendo todo o seu processo de elaboração, distribuição e avaliação. O estudo foi estruturado em três etapas: (a) análise do material informativo produzido pelo Ministério da Saúde, no âmbito da PNAN, a partir de 1999; b) entrevistas semi-estruturadas com profissionais responsáveis pela elaboração, acompanhamento e avaliação deste material; e c) grupos focais com indivíduos pertencentes a um dos grupos específicos para os quais os materiais são direcionados. Após a análise dos dados levantados, foi possível compreender a importância dautilização de materiais informativos e educativos no âmbito de ações de educação nutricional e em saúde, tendo claro o papel coadjuvante desses instrumentos. No entanto, para que tais materiais se tornem mais efetivos, sendo utilizados em um processo educativo mais amplo, alguns desafios precisam ser superados, dentre os quais destacamos: a inadequação dos materiais às audiências a que se destinam; o limitado caráter participativo adotado no processo de elaboração desses materiais; a ausência de uma rotina sistemática de avaliação (da recepção de informações e do impacto dessas sobre a saúde dos indivíduos) desses materiais; e a desarticulação dos materiais a ações educativas mais completas, destinadas a grupos populacionais específicos no país. Acreditamos que o primeiro passo visando a efetividade do material avaliado nesse estudo, é que ele seja completamente entendido, que ele seja compreendido dentro de um espaço de significação comum entre o conhecimento da população usuária desses materiais e o conhecimento técnico referente à alimentação e à nutrição. / Food and nutrition are key determinants that affect human health, independently of social classes, being the feeding patterns of each group directly associated with the morbidity and mortality profiles. Brazil deals, at the same time, with the challenge to fight against hungry and malnutrition and the increasing impact of overweight and obesity. This situation is demanding, more and more, the adoption of educational and informative strategies, focusing healthy dietary habits. As one of its main political initiatives, the Brazilian Ministry of Health, in the scope of the National Politics on Alimentation and Nutrition (PNAN), targets the elaboration of educative materials aiming the promotion of better dietary habits among several specific population groups. This study objectives to analyze qualitatively the elaboration, preparation, distribution, and evaluation processes related to informative and educational material by the Brazilian Ministry of Health about nutrition and alimentation produced since 1999, when PNAN was published. The study was structured in three steps: (a) analysis of the informative material produced by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, under the PNAN, starting from 1999; (b) semi-structured interviews with professionals responsible for the material elaboration, monitoring and evaluation; (c) and focus groups with individuals belonging to one of the specific groups for which the materials are directed. It was possible to understand the importance these materials’ elaboration for the National alimentation and nutrition politics. There is a need for a better planning in the process of educational and informative material focusing alimentation and nutrition in Brazil. However, for such materials to become more effective, being used in a wider educational process, some challenges must be overcome: a) the inadequacy of the materials to the target audience; b) the limited participatory approach adopted in preparation of these materials; c) the need for evaluating permanently these materials (including information reception and the impact of these materials on individuals’ health); d) and the dismantling of educational materials to become more comprehensive, aiming to be appropriate by specific population groups in the country. The first step in the road to the material effectiveness is that it is completely understood, comprehended within a common space of meaning between the knowledge of the users of these materials and technical knowledge related to alimentation and nutrition.alimentation and nutrition, information, communication, nutritional education. / Food and nutrition are key determinants that affect human health, independently of social classes, being the feeding patterns of each group directly associated with the morbidity and mortality profiles. Brazil deals, at the same time, with the challenge to fight against hungry and malnutrition and the increasing impact of overweight and obesity. This situation is demanding, more and more, the adoption of educational and informative strategies, focusing healthy dietary habits. As one of its main political initiatives, the Brazilian Ministry of Health, in the scope of the National Politics on Alimentation and Nutrition (PNAN), targets the elaboration of educative materials aiming the promotion of better dietary habits among several specific population groups. This study objectives to analyze qualitatively the elaboration, preparation, distribution, and evaluation processes related to informative and educational material by the Brazilian Ministry of Health about nutrition and alimentation produced since 1999, when PNAN was published. The study was structured in three steps: (a) analysis of the informative material produced by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, under the PNAN, starting from 1999; (b) semi-structured interviews with professionals responsible for the material elaboration, monitoring and evaluation; (c) and focus groups with individuals belonging to one of the specific groups for which the materials are directed. It was possible to understand the importance these materials’ elaboration for the Nationalalimentation and nutrition politics. There is a need for a better planning in the process of educational and informative material focusing alimentation and nutrition in Brazil. However, for such materials to become more effective, being used in a wider educational process, some challenges must be overcome: a) the inadequacy of the materials to the target audience; b) the limited participatory approach adopted in preparation of these materials; c) the need for evaluating permanently these materials (including information reception and the impact of these materials on individuals’ health); d) and the dismantling of educational materials to become more comprehensive, aiming to be appropriate by specific population groups in the country. The first step in the road to the material effectiveness is that it is completely understood, comprehended within a common space of meaning between the knowledge of the users of these materials and technical knowledge related to alimentation and nutrition.

Ce projet de recherche a reçu le soutien d’une Bourse d’études supérieures du Canada Frederick Banting et Charles Best, offerte par les Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada (IRSC).

Problématique: L’obésité infantile est en augmentation partout en occident. La qualité nutritionnelle de l’alimentation des jeunes Canadiens et Québécois est à améliorer. D’après les modèles écologiques, l’environnement alimentaire scolaire figure parmi les déterminants environnementaux de l’alimentation, celui-ci considéré comme étant un milieu prometteur pour des interventions visant à augmenter la consommation de fruits et légumes. La politique- cadre pour une saine alimentation et un mode de vie physiquement active, créée en 2008, est intégrée en 2011 aux services alimentaires scolaires de la Commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM). Cependant, ses effets ont été peu mesurés. Objectif: L’objectif général est d’analyser les attentes et les motivations alimentaires des élèves du primaire et du secondaire à l’égard des services alimentaires de la CSDM. Méthodologie: En 2014, un sondage électronique rempli par des élèves du primaire et du secondaire de la CSDM intégrait une question ouverte portant sur les aliments attendus au secondaire. S’adressant uniquement aux élèves du secondaire, une question abordait leur(s) motivation(s) à utiliser leur service alimentaire. Suivant une approche inductive, deux grilles de codification furent développées pour l’analyse des données. Résultats : Au total, 1253 jeunes du primaire issus de 65 écoles et 2613 jeunes du secondaire issus de 27 écoles ont complété la question sur leurs attentes. Si une majorité des jeunes a nommé des aliments spécifiques, plusieurs ont aussi précisé leurs réponses avec des éléments suggérant des motivations alimentaires sous-jacentes tels les marques commerciales, la santé, la fraicheur, la variété, le goût, la composition des aliments et le prix. Au total, 2518 jeunes du secondaire ont répondu à la question sur leur motivation à l’utilisation des services. L’offre de certains aliments les motiverait (53%) mais aussi des conditions liées à l’environnement physique (15%) ou social (12%). Discussion : Les jeunes du primaire se démarquent par leurs attentes pour des aliments compatibles avec la politique alimentaire scolaire. Par ailleurs, les jeunes du secondaire recherchent davantage des aliments riches en gras, sucre et sel. Les jeunes du primaire et du secondaire indiquent rechercher des fruits et légumes dans les services alimentaires. Les données probantes sur l’impact d’interventions scolaires misant sur la disponibilité des fruits et légumes rapportent des effets favorables sur les apports alimentaires, ainsi ce type d’intervention aurait de bonnes chances d’avoir un impact positif au Québec. Les dimensions liées à la variété de l’offre alimentaire et aux environnements de services méritent aussi plus d’attention. Conclusion: Les résultats obtenus permettent de mieux identifier les attentes et les motivations alimentaires des jeunes du primaire et du secondaire. Cela pourra permettre à la CSDM d’orienter ses prochaines actions dans la gestion de l’offre dans leurs services alimentaires. / Introduction: Childhood obesity is increasing throughout the Western world. The diets of young Canadians and Quebeckers are lacking in nutritional quality. According to the ecological concept of Story et al. (2002), school food services are an environmental factor affecting food intake. The school lunchroom is a promising place to work on increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables. In 2011, the Commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM), a school board in Montreal, integrated into its school meal services a policy framework created in 2008 for a healthy diet and a physically active lifestyle, the effects of which have yet to be measured. Objective: To analyze the expectations and motivations of elementary and high school students regarding the food offering from CSDM’s school meal services. Method: In 2014, CSDM elementary and high school students completed an online survey with an open-ended question on their expectations of the food offering in high schools. In another question, high school students only were asked to share their motivation(s) for using their school’s meal service. The researchers developed two coding grids. Frequencies were obtained with SPSS statistical software (version 21.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Results: 1,253 elementary school students from 65 schools and 2,613 high school students from 27 schools answered questions on their expectations of meal services. While most answers were about specific foods, some contained underlying food motivations, such as trademarks, health, freshness, variety, taste, ingredients and price. In total, 2,518 high school students answered the question about their motivation for using their school’s meal service. The food offering was a motivation for some (53%), but students also cited the conditions related to physical (15%) or social environment (12%). Discussion: Elementary school students are different in that their expectations of the food offering are compatible with the current school food policy. High school students are more drawn to foods that are high in fat, sugar and salt. Both elementary school and high school students expect fruits and vegetables in high school meal services. Literature shows that interventions focusing on fruit and vegetable availability have been successful. An intervention targeting fruit and vegetable availability could have a positive effect on children and youth’s fruit and vegetable intake. Further analysis of dimensions related to variety and meal service environments is also warranted. Conclusion: The results make it possible to more clearly identify the expectations and motivations of elementary and high school students. The CSDM can use this information to guide its future actions in managing the food offering in schools.