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Abstract Med ambition att ta reda på vad i Tolvstegsprogrammet som hjälper människor till nykterhet har jag med denna studie tittat närmare på dels Tolvstegsprogrammet som metod, dels ställt det i jämförelse med Jungs och Bolwby psykologiska teorier. Resultatet visar att tolvstegsprogrammet fungerar om man kan följa de förutbestämda riktlinjerna med syfte att uppnå nykterhet. De psykologiska teorierna visar att de har beröringspunkter som kan knytas till Tolvstegsprogrammet och att dessa kan användas som förklaringsmodell för vad som fungerar i Tolvstegsprogrammet. Det finns flera samband mellan Tolvstegsprogrammet och de två psykologiska teorierna som undersöks i denna uppsatts, och likheterna är tydliga.

The integrated pedagogy in Alcoholics Anonymous as a community of practice In this paper I have studied the integrated pedagogy in Alcoholics Anonymous using Wenger’s theoretical model of communities of practice and from a point of view of situated learning. Focus has been on recovery from alcohol addiction as a process of social identity change where learning is seen as an appropriation of artefacts by an interaction between participation and reification which leads to a higher level of competence and a change in identity. A diversity of methods has been used such as text analysis of printed material from AA in combination with direct observations at AA-meetings and qualitative interviews with long-time, high intensity participants in the AA-community. The results indicate that Alcoholics Anonymous has a powerful pedagogic system in which a whole of norms, principles and stories are represented in all its parts. The interviewed participants report similar changes in identity and capacity to function in life, despite the differences between them in background as well as in which part of the specific activities in AA they focused on during their trajectory in AA. The study has limitations though all the participants are long-time sober members with a strong identification as members of AA and consequently not representative for the cohort of attenders at AA. The background search for literature makes it clear that the phenomenon of Alcoholics Anonymous is practically not studied from a pedagogical perspective which opens possibilities for future research.

Som en käftsmäll med gud – en kvalitativ studie om hur unga norrländska vuxna upplever religion i tolvstegsmetoden är en studie vars empiriska grund vilar på kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra informanter bosatta i Västernorrland, Västerbotten och Jämtlands län. Dessa har samtliga påbörjat en missbruksbehandling med hjälp av tolvstegsmetoden innan de fyllt 30 år. Tidigare forskning om religion och tolvstegsmetoden har istället fokuserat på medelålders informanter. Studiens frågeställningar granskar de unga vuxna informanternas upplevelser av de religiösa delarna av tolvstegsbehandlingen, specifikt begreppen ”högre Kraft”, ”Gud” och ”andligt uppvaknande”. Deras erfarenheter diskuteras i ljuset av tolvstegsmetodens religionshistoriska bakgrund och utifrån religionssociologen Martin Riesebrodts teorier. Genom enskilda kvalitativa livsvärldsintervjuer visar studien att informanternas ålder haft liten eller ingen påverkan på deras upplevelse av de religiösa delarna av behandlingen. Istället pekar studien på att informanternas religiösa livsåskådning och begrepp innan behandlingen har haft en mer avgörande inverkan gällande hur de reagerat på tolvstegsmetodens religiösa innehåll och funktion. Mer forskning behövs därför för att kunna belägga att det inte finns några avgörande generationsmässiga skillnader bland svenskar gällande hur missbrukare tillgodogör sig religion inom tolvstegsmetoden.

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I denna uppsats undersöks hur och varför begreppet Gud kontinuerligt används inom självhjälpsprogrammet Anonyma Narkomaner. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur icke- religiösa människor tolkar och förhåller sig till religiösa ord och symboler. I uppsatsen diskuteras dessutom hur rituella aspekter möjliggör ett nyktert och drogfritt liv för medlemmarna i Anonyma Narkomaner, och en jämförelse görs mellan ett NA-möte och passageriter. Empirin består av insamlat material från intervjuer, observation och litteraturstudier, vilken har analyserats med hjälp av antropologiska teorier om symboler och ritualer.

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This study examines Swedish therapists' perception of spirituality and the meaning it has forclients in the twelve step program. The following study is based on eight different qualitativeinterviews with drug and alcohol therapists at eight different private and state owned addictionfacilities in southern Sweden. The results show that the therapists view spirituality as a crucialpart in the twelve step program, as without it clients can't obtain and remain sober. Theconclusion of the study shows that by attending the twelve step program and forming apersonalized perception of spirituality, clients use the new community as a way to achieveself-awareness and find a new meaning in life. The study emphasizes that to continue being thehighly favored treatment method in southern Sweden, and the recommended program foraddiction by the social board of directors, it needs to evolve in the secular Swedish context it isused in.

This essay has a focus on self description and alcoholism as a literary function in Alex Schulman’s Glöm mig. Similarities between the book Alcoholics Anonymous (Stora Boken) and the twelve step programme (Tolvstegsprogrammet) is based on how the narrative could be characterized by the authenticity of the disease portrayal. The connection between the narrative and Alcoholics Anonymous is compared with how the main characters are portrayed and how alcoholism functions in the book. The study reveals that the story could most likely be percieved as an accurate portrayal of alcoholism as a disease, due to certain cirumstances. The connection between the testimonies of alcoholism as a disease in Alcoholics Anonymous and the narrative is an important parallel as it can strengthen the story’s credibility. It’s possible to interpret the story as a testimony from someone in close relationship to an alcoholic. An authentic story like this occurs frequently in Swedish contemporary literature and could be one of the reasons behind the novel’s commercial breakthrough. The privileged position of the author should be considered as a contributing factor leading to the positive public reactions when the novel was published. It should also be considered as having an impact on the reader’s perception of the autobiographic novel’s credibility. It’s probable that, due to these circumstances, the line between a true story and a fictional one, could be dissolved for the reader. In connection with the circumstances with Schulman’s authorship, a number of factors that may impact the reading of the book, have been presented. These are explained in comparison to other authors with similar backgrounds, who have been publishing books about similiar topics.

Can spirituality be used as a resource for social work and its clients in Sweden? According to Alcoholics Anonymous and its twelve steps program there is a lot of value to be found in working with spirituality as a solution to alcohol and drug addiction and to be able to sustain a life free from addiction and abuse. Especially in the USA, which is the country where Alcoholics Anonymous originated from. Our question follows: Can such work influenced by spirituality and the strengthening of the spirit promote social work regarding substance abuse problems in Sweden and be used as a tool in treatment programs, in cases when science-based treatments have shown to be ineffective or where the client finds spirituality as an appealing concept? Through qualitative methods such as analyzes of previous research and through interviews with members of Alcoholics Anonymous in Sweden we found that spiritual influenced treatments could indeed be useful as a tool during alcohol and drug treatments when it is matched with other components.