<p>The trichromatic principle of representing color has for a long time been dominating in color imaging. The reason is the trichromatic nature of human color vision, but as the characteristics of typical color imaging devices are different from those of human eyes, there is a need to go beyond the trichromatic approach. The interest for multi-channel imaging, i.e. increasing the number of color channels, has made it an active research topic with a substantial potential of application.</p><p>To achieve consistent color imaging, one needs to map the imaging-device data to the device-independent colorimetric representations CIEXYZ or CIELAB, the key concept of color management. As the color coordinates depend not only on the reflective spectrum of the object but also on the spectral properties of the illuminant, the colorimetric representation suffers from metamerism, i.e. objects of the same color under a specific illumination may appear different when they are illuminated by other light sources. Furthermore, when the sensitivities of the imaging device differ from the CIE color matching functions, two spectra that appear different for human observers may result in identical device response. On contrary, in multispectral imaging, color is represented by the object’s physical characteristics namely the spectrum which is illuminant independent. With multispectral imaging, different spectra are readily distinguishable, no matter they are metameric or not. The spectrum can then be transformed to any color space and be rendered under any illumination.</p><p>The focus of the thesis is high quality image-acquisition in colorimetric and multispectral formats. The image acquisition system used is an experimental system with great flexibility in illumination and image acquisition setup. Besides the conventional trichromatic RGB filters, the system also provides the possibility of acquiring multi-channel images, using 7 narrowband filters. A thorough calibration and characterization of all the components involved in the image acquisition system is carried out. The spectral sensitivity of the CCD camera, which can not be derived by direct measurements, is estimated using least squares regression, optimizing the camera response to measured spectral reflectance of carefully selected color samples.</p><p>To derive mappings to colorimetric and multispectral representations, two conceptually different approaches are used. In the model-based approach, the physical model describing the image acquisition process is inverted, to reconstruct spectral reflectance from the recorded device response. In the empirical approach, the characteristics of the individual components are ignored, and the functions are derived by relating the device response for a set of test colors to the corresponding colorimetric and spectral measurements, using linear and polynomial least squares regression.</p><p>The results indicate that for trichromatic imaging, accurate colorimetric mappings can be derived by the empirical approach, using polynomial regression to CIEXYZ and CIELAB. Because of the media-dependency, the characterization functions should be derived for each combination of media and colorants. However, accurate spectral data reconstruction requires for multi-channel imaging, using the model-based approach. Moreover, the model-based approach is general, since it is based on the spectral characteristics of the image acquisition system, rather than the characteristics of a set of color samples.</p> / Report code: LiU-TEK-LIC- 2006:70

<p>This Masters thesis studies the concept of local binary patterns, which describe the neighbourhood of a pixel in a digital image by binary derivatives. The operator is often used in texture analysis and has been successfully used in facial recognition.</p><p>This thesis suggests two methods based on some basic ideas of Björn Kruse and studies of literature on the subject. The first suggested method presented is an algorithm which reproduces images from their local binary patterns by a kind of integration of the binary derivatives. This method is a way to prove the preservation of information. The second suggested method is a technique of interpolating missing pixels in a single CCD camera based on local binary patterns and machine learning. The algorithm has shown some very promising results even though in its current form it does not keep up with the best algorithms of today.</p>

<p>As real time visualizations become more realistic it also becomes more important to simulate the perceptual effects of the human visual system. Such effects include the response to varying illumination, glare and differences between photopic and scotopic vision. This thesis evaluates several different tone mapping methods to allow a greater dynamic range to be used in real time visualisations. Several tone mapping methods have been implemented in the Avalanche Game Engine and evaluated using a small test group. To increase immersion in the visualization several filters aimed to simulate perceptual effects has also been implemented. The primary goal of these filters is to simulate scotopic vision. The tests showed that two tone mapping methods would be suitable for the environment used in the tests. The S-curve tone mapping method gave the best result while the Mean Value method gave good results while being the simplest to implement and the cheapest. The test subjects agreed that the simulation of scotopic vision enhanced the immersion in a visualization. The primary difficulties in this work has been lack of dynamic range in the input images and the challenges in coding real time graphics using a graphics processing unit.</p>

<p>En uppsats som tar upp kändisbilderna och dess innehållande koder. Vi har tittat på Aftonbladets och Expressens bilagor Klick! och Fredag, vad är det som visas egentligen för den yngre publiken, som är bilagornas målgrupp?</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>Författare: Stina Halvorsen, Hanna Mårtensson</p><p>Handledare: Eva-Lotta Frid</p><p>Titel: Sveriges Television vs. Fox News, en jämförelse av</p><p>nyhetsrapporteringen kring Pakistankonflikten</p><p>Ämne: Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap</p><p>År: 2007</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att blottlägga vilka skillnader och likheter</p><p>som finns i nyhetsrapporterandet mellan kanalerna gällande den specifika</p><p>händelsen i Pakistan.</p><p>Metod: Vi använder ett kritiskt hermeneutiskt förhållningssätt och tillämpar</p><p>sedan kvalitativ metod i form av diskursanalys och bildanalys. Vi använder</p><p>oss även genomgående av nyhetsvärdering och nyhetsförmedling, då vi</p><p>finner dessa begrepp högst relevanta för analysen.</p><p>Slutsatser: Vi har upptäckt att informationen som förmedlas är den samma</p><p>hos båda kanalerna, det är vinklingen på hur informationen förmedlas som</p><p>skiljer sig åt. Tyngdpunkten i Fox News nyhetsinslag ligger på hur vidare</p><p>USA:s nationella säkerhet är hotad av konflikten, medan SVT istället lägger</p><p>fokus på att förmedla hur situationen ser ut i Pakistan och vad konflikten</p><p>betyder för landet. De likheter vi kan urskilja är först och främst val av bilder,</p><p>det vill säga båda kanalerna använder samma bilder vid flera tillfällen, samt</p><p>att President Pervez Musharraf och Benazir Bhutto framställs på liknande sätt</p><p>i båda kanalernas inslag.</p><p>Nyckelord: Komparativ studie, hermeneutik, diskursanalys, bildanalys, Fox</p><p>News, SVT, Pakistan, nyheter online, nyhetsinslag.</p>

<p><p>Abstract</p><p>3D visualization of geological structures is a very efficient way to create a good understanding of geological features. It is not only an illustrative way for common people, but also a comprehensive method to interpret results of the work. Geologists, geophysics engineers and GIS experts sometimes need to visualize an area to accomplish their researches. It can show how sample data are distributed over the area and therefore they can be applied as suitable approach to validate the result. Among different 3D modeling methods, some are expensive or complicated. Therefore, such a methodology enabling easy and cheap creation of a 3D construction is highly demanded.</p><p>However, several obstacles have been faced during the process of constructing a 3D model of geology. The main debate over suitable interpolation methods is the fact that 3D modelers may face discrepancies leading to different results even when they are working with the same set of data. Furthermore, most often part of data can be source of errors, themselves. Hence, it is extremely important to decide whether to omit those data or adopt another strategy. However, even after considering all these points, still the work may not be accurate enough to be used for scientific researches if the interpretation of work is not done precisely. This research sought to explain an approach for 3D modeling of Sedini platform in Sardinia, Italy. GIS was used as a flexible software together with Surfer and Voxler. Data manipulation, geodatabase creation and interpolation test all have been done with aid of GIS. A variety of interpolation methods available in Surfer were used to opt suitable method together with Arc view.</p><p>A solid 3D model is created in Voxler environment. In Voxler, in contrary to many other 3D types of software there are four components needed to construct 3D. C value as 4^th component except for XYZ coordinates was used to differentiate special features in platform and do gridding based on chosen value. With the aid of C value, one can mark layer of interest to identify it from other layers.</p><p>The final result shows a 3D solid model of the Sedini platform including both surfaces and subsurfaces. An Isosurface with its unique value (Isovalue) can mark layer of interest and make it easy to interpret the results. However, the errors in some parts of model are also noticeable. Since data acquisition was done for studying geology and mineralogy characteristics of the area, there is less number of data points collected per volume according to the main goals of the initial project. Moreover, in some parts of geological border lines, the density of sample points is not high enough to estimate accurate location of lines.</p><p>The study result can be applicable in a broad range of geological studies. Resource evaluation, geomorphology, structural geology and GIS are only a few examples of its application. The results of the study can be compared to the results of similar works where different softwares have been used so as to comprehend pros and cons of each as well as appropriate application of each software for a special task.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><em>Keywords: GIS, Image Interpretation, Geodatabase, Geology, Interpolation, 3D Modeling</em></p><p> </p><p> </p></p><p> </p>

<p>Syftet med denna rapport var att undersöka om det bedrivs undervisning kringmedia inom årskurserna 4 till 6. Undersökningen som jag bedrivet är en kvalitativundersökning kring ämnet. Jag har intervjuat fem stycken lärare inom dessaårskurser. Intervjuerna tog upp frågor som undersökte om lärarna använder olikamedieverktyg i sin undervisning, samt om det sker en viss form avmedieundervisning i deras klasser. Resultatet jag fick från dessa intervjuer varväldigt intressanta. Det visar sig att det sker medieundervisning i klasserna samtanvändning av media som verktyg i undervisningen. Resultatet visar också på attlärare och elever använder gärna bild när de kommunicera samt bildanalys. Iundersökningen kommer även lärarnas tankar kring media och om de tror attmedia påverkar barn idag. Det visar sig genom resultatet att alla lärarna anser attså är fallet. Denna undersökning kommer fram till att ett samtal kring bilder är enbra start för elevernas kritiska tänkande och reflekterande inom olika medier.</p> / Examensarbete

<p>This Master’s Thesis was part of the project called Multimodalanalysis at the Depart-ment of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics at the Ume˚ University Hospital inUme˚ Sweden. The aim of the project is to develop multivariate measurement anda,analysis methods of the skeletal muscle physiology. One of the methods used to scanthe muscle is functional ultrasound. In a study performed by the project group datawas aquired, where test subjects were instructed to follow a certain exercise scheme,which was measured. Since there currently is no superior method to analyze the result-ing data (in form of ultrasound video sequences) several methods are being looked at.One considered method is called Independent Vector Analysis (IVA). IVA is a statisticalmethod to find independent components in a mix of components. This Master’s Thesisis about segmenting and analyzing the ultrasound images with help of IVA, to validateif it is a suitable method for this kind of tasks.First the algorithm was tested on generated mixed data to find out how well itperformed. The results were very accurate, considering that the method only usesapproximations. Some expected variation from the true value occured though.When the algorithm was considered performing to satisfactory, it was tested on thedata gathered by the study and the result can very well reflect an approximation of truesolution, since the resulting segmented signals seem to move in a possible way. But themethod has weak sides (which have been tried to be minimized) and all error analysishas been done by human eye, which definitly is a week point. But for the time being itis more important to analyze trends in the signals, rather than analyze exact numbers.So as long as the signals behave in a realistic way the result can not be said to becompletley wrong. So the overall results of the method were deemed adequate for the application at hand.</p> / Multimodalanalys

Efter att jag besökt museum med barnverksamheter blev jag intresserad av att ha konstsamtal med barn. Men när jag provat detta under praktiken i G5 kände jag att jag ville fördjupa mig ännu mer i konstarbete med barn. Syftet med den här studien var att ta reda på hur jag som lärare kan utveckla barns kreativitet och bildspråkliga medvetenhet. Men eftersom jag inte mött någon litteratur som beskriver konstarbete utifrån barns perspektiv ville jag även undersöka hur barnen upplevde att arbeta utifrån en konstnär. Jag valde att ha Miró som utgångspunkt då jag tror att hans abstrakta konst tilltalar barn eftersom den är full av fantasi och kreativitet. Genom att intervjua barnen efter Miró projektet kunde jag också se ifall mina mål hade uppnåtts. I litteraturgenomgången redogör jag för vad begreppen kreativitet, bildspråklig medvetenhet och bildanalys innebär. Den första delen av empiriska studien bestod av att barnen konstarbetade kring Miró. Efteråt intervjuade jag nio elever,för att höra hur de erfarit och upplevt arbetet med Miró. Resultaten var positiva. De hade insett att bilder kan upplevas olika och att ingen tolkning är bättre än den andra. Deras fantasi och kreativitet flödade under arbetets gång och även under intervjun gav de själva uttryck för att de använt sin fantasi.

Denna studies huvudsyfte är att undersöka vilka strategier några svenska skolbarn använder sig av i sitt bildskapande samt att ta reda på vad de vill säga med sina bilder. I min litteraturdel redogör jag för olika sätt att se på och tolka barns bilder. De inriktningar som jag presenterar är: stadieteorier, den processinriktade ansatsen, den sociokulturella ansatsen samt den narrativa modellen. Dessa presenterar jag för att ge en bakgrund och förståelse för den modell som jag i huvudsak kommer att använda mig av i min studie, nämligen den narrativa modellen. Denna innebär att man tittar på bildens form som ett resultat av bildens innehåll, vad barnen vill berätta med sina bilder. Man förutsätter att det finns ett budskap i barnens bilder som förs fram genom att barnet använder sig av olika narrativa strategier. Barn ritar vad de vill berätta. För min studie har jag använt mig av en kvalitativ metod, samt av bildanalys och intervjuer. Bildanalysen och intervjuerna med barnen kompletterar varandra genom att jag både får min egen och barnens tolkningar av bilderna. Dessa sammanställs sedan till den slutgiltiga tolkningen. Jag har i min studie arbetat tillsammans med fyra barn i år 1 och vi har genomfört en rad bildövningar. Resultatet visar att barnen använder flera olika strategier för att förmedla sitt budskap genom sina bilder samt att de verkligen berättar något om sina liv i sina bilder. De använder sig t.ex. av storleksgradering där det viktigaste ritas störst, detaljeringsmarkörer där det viktigaste avbildas med mest detaljer. Jag såg också att de använder sig av bildelment som är inspirerade av den kultur och den tid som de lever i för att förmedla sitt budskap.