Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULA REGINA PEREIRA DOS SANTOS MARQUES DIAS.pdf: 2504341 bytes, checksum: c8ffd707f7a51bf96036c4e99fdb144e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-04 / The Law nº. 11.340, of August 7, 2006 (Maria da Penha Law), brought to the Brazilian legal system new civil, criminal, precautionary procedures, for crimes committed against women in the within the household and family such as the application of protective measures of urgency, characterized as a faster means to cease the contact between the parties, and other conditions that permit the violence, agreed in legislation. In this sense, the present paper analyzes the effectiveness of the implementation of such measures, in the city of Imperatriz, Maranhão State, the judiciary (Special Court for Domestic and Family Violence against Women), in 2013. The research begins with a reflection on the theories of fundamental human rights in the Federal Constitution of 1988 related to gender, pointing out new perspectives outlined by post- positivism, the need for immediate application of constitutional principles to give effect to the fundamental rights of women, especially those of equality, freedom, human dignity, physical, moral and psychological integrity, and the right to life itself. It also highlights the major international conventions on global and regional system of human rights of women - in other words, those contained in the special protection system in view of the vulnerability of women -, as a way of demonstrating the concern of the countries with the issue of gender and the influence of these conventions in the domestic legislation of Brazil, through legal frameworks with exposed divisive parameter presentation at the 1988 Federal Constitution. To enter in research on the effectiveness of an instrument of Maria da Penha Law analyzed in situ research mentioned, the paper discusses the importance of the conceptual aspects of domestic and family violence against women , bringing the differentiation of the concepts of household and family unit as well as featuring the actors of the process, aggressor and victim. Emphasizes the history of such violence in Brazil after Law nº. 11.340 - 2006, intertwining with the cultural and ideological context and notes of feminist movements in favor of stricter regulation. It also presents the manifestations of domestic violence against women outlined in the legislation. The research exposes the trajectory advent of Maria da Penha Law, as a consequence of the debates in the legislative sphere and civil society itself and the main discussions about its constitutionality, presenting the procedural aspects, especially the urgent protective measures and institutes of general and special prevention of recurrence. Finally, does the exhibition of documentary research conducted at the Special Court for Domestic and Family Violence of the city surveyed, to respond to questioning, observing, beyond the effective implementation of the measures, the age profile of victims, relationship to the aggressor, the types and number of police report of violence practiced, the amount of urgent protective measures that oblige the aggressor and established in favor of the victim, classified according to the described in law and the presentation of public policies existing in the municipality. / A Lei nº 11.340, de 7 de agosto de 2006 (Lei Maria da Penha), trouxe para o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro novos procedimentos civis, penais, cautelares, para os crimes cometidos contra as mulheres no seio doméstico e familiar, como é o caso da aplicação das medidas protetivas de urgência, caracterizado como meio mais célere de cessar o contato entre as partes, e outras situações que permitam a violência, avençadas na legislação. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho analisa a efetividade da aplicação de tais medidas, na cidade de Imperatriz, Estado do Maranhão, pelo Poder Judiciário (Vara Especial da Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher), no ano de 2013. A pesquisa inicia-se com uma reflexão sobre as teorias dos direitos humanos fundamentais na Constituição Federal de 1988 relacionados com o gênero, apontando as novas perspectivas traçadas pelo póspositivismo, com a necessidade de aplicação imediata dos princípios constitucionais para dar efetividade aos direitos fundamentais das mulheres, principalmente os de igualdade, liberdade, dignidade da pessoa humana, integridade física, moral e psicológica, e o próprio direito à vida. Destaca, ainda, as principais convenções internacionais de sistema global e regional sobre os direitos humanos das mulheres ou seja, aquelas contidas no sistema especial de proteção tendo em vista a vulnerabilidade da mulher -, como forma de demonstrar a preocupação dos países com a questão de gênero e a influência destas convenções na legislação interna do Brasil, por meio dos marcos legais expostos com parâmetro divisório de apresentação na Constituição Federal de 1988. Para adentrar na pesquisa sobre a efetividade de um instrumento da Lei Maria da Penha analisado no locus de pesquisa mencionado, o trabalho aborda a importância dos aspectos conceituais sobre a violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, trazendo a diferenciação dos conceitos de núcleo doméstico e familiar, assim como caracteriza os atores do processo, agressor e vítima. Dá ênfase na história desse tipo de violência no Brasil pós Lei nº 11.340-2006, entrelaçando com o contexto cultural e ideológico e apontamentos dos movimentos feministas em prol de normatização mais rigorosa. Apresenta, ainda, as formas de manifestação de violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher traçadas na legislação. A pesquisa expõe a trajetória de advento da Lei Maria da Penha, como consequência dos debates travados na esfera do legislativo e da própria sociedade civil organizada e as principais discussões sobre sua constitucionalidade, apresentando os aspectos processuais, especialmente das medidas protetivas de urgência e os institutos da prevenção geral, especial e da reincidência. Por fim, faz a exposição da pesquisa documental realizada na Vara Especial da Violência Doméstica e Familiar da cidade pesquisada, a fim de responder a problematização, observando, além do cumprimento efetivo das medidas, o perfil de idade das vítimas, grau de parentesco com o agressor, os tipos e número de ocorrência de violências praticadas, a quantidade de medidas protetivas de urgência que obrigam o agressor e as estabelecidas em prol da ofendida, classificadas de acordo com as descritas na legislação e a apresentação das políticas públicas existentes no município.

O Legislativo é vital para o autogoverno coletivo e para a contenção do poder. Impõe-se revigorá-lo. Esta dissertação traz propostas para incrementar a legitimidade do Poder Legislativo que independem da reforma política. A primeira proposta consiste na correção de algumas práticas comprometedoras da atuação do Legislativo, quais sejam, a falta de apreciação do veto, a atual forma de elaboração e execução da lei orçamentária, o poder excessivo dos líderes e a tutela jurisdicional limitada do devido processo legislativo. A segunda proposta reside no fortalecimento das comissões temáticas, arenas mais adequadas do que o Plenário para desenvolver o potencial deliberativo do Parlamento. Esses órgãos fracionários podem empregar a avaliação de impacto, recurso que se destina a aprimorar a legislação. A terceira proposta corresponde à regulamentação do lobby. A institucionalização dessa atividade revela-se essencial para imprimir-lhe transparência, de modo a possibilitar o controle, e para minimizar o desequilíbrio no acesso aos tomadores de decisão. / The Legislative Branch is vital to collective self-government and to restrain power. It is necessary to reinvigorate it. This dissertation brings proposals to increase the legitimacy of the Legislative Branch that are independent from the political reform. The first proposal consists in correcting some practices that compromise the performance of the Legislative, which are, the lack of appreciation of veto, the current form of budget preparation and execution, the excessive power of the leaders and the limited jurisdictional review of the due process of law. The second proposal aims at the strengthening of the committees, which are arenas more adequate than the Plenary to develop the deliberative potential of the Parliament. These fractional organs can use the impact assessment, which is a tool intended to improve legislation. The third proposal corresponds to the regulation of lobbying. The institutionalization of this activity is essential to imprint transparency to the process so as to allow control and to minimize the imbalance in access to decision makers.

Submitted by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2017-09-29T23:29:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇAO RENATO GOMES.pdf: 1085453 bytes, checksum: 52c34bec90105d63a6d951a99405c02d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2017-09-29T23:31:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇAO RENATO GOMES.pdf: 1085453 bytes, checksum: 52c34bec90105d63a6d951a99405c02d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T23:31:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇAO RENATO GOMES.pdf: 1085453 bytes, checksum: 52c34bec90105d63a6d951a99405c02d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória. Escola Superior de Ciências / Objetivo: Comparar a acuidade visual em pacientes com oclusão de ramo de veia central da retina (ORVCR), antes e após tratamento combinado de injeção intravítrea de bevacizumabe com fotocoagulação a laser. Método: Uma análise retrospectiva de pacientes com ORVCR que foram tratados com injeção intravítrea de bevacizumabe (1,25mg/0,05ml) seguida de fotocoagulação a laser na área afetada. Os pacientes passaram por avaliação oftalmológica completa, incluindo medida da acuidade visual (AV) com tabela de Snellen no momento do diagnóstico e nas visitas de acompanhamento. Foram excluídos prontuários incompletos ou com erros de preenchimentos e prontuários de pacientes com outras alterações oculares que pudessem interferir nas medidas da acuidade visual. Resultados: Foram analisados 26 prontuários (11 homens e 15 mulheres) de pacientes com diagnóstico de ORCVR no Serviço de Oftalmologia da Santa Casa de Vitória durante todo o ano de 2010. Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados por 6 meses. O tempo médio de baixa da acuidade visual antes do diagnóstico foi de 21,2 dias (1-140 dias). Com acuidade visual inicial média de 0.74 LogMAR (p<0.001) e com melhora média após 6 meses do início do tratamento para 0.32 LogMAR (p<0.001), representando assim um ganho médio de 0.42 LogMAR (p<0.001) ou 19.4 letras de ETDSR (p<0.001). Foram utilizados testes não paramétricos a fim de permitir mais generalização aos resultados evitando a premissa de normalidade. O teste de Wilcoxon foi utilizado para verificar a variação da acuidade visual inicial e final. Não foram observadas complicações oculares ou sistêmicas durante o acompanhamento. Conclusão: Houve melhora da acuidade visual comparando pré o pós tratamento combinado de injeção intravítrea de bevacizumabe com fotocoagulação a laser. A estabilidade do ganho obtido no tratamento combinado com a ausência de complicações demonstra o potencial do uso combinado de injeção intravítrea de bevacizumabe com fotocoagulação a laser no tratamento de ORVCR / Purpose: Compare the visual acuity (VA) in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), before and after been treated with a combination of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab followed by laser photocoagulation. Method: A retrospective analyses of patients with BRVO that underwent a treatment of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1,25mg/ 0,05ml) followed by laser photocoagulation on the affected area. Patients went through complete eye examination, including visual acuity measure with Snellen chart on the diagnostic visit and on the follow-ups. Uncompleted and miswritten charts ware excluded as well as charts of patients with others ocular affections that could interfere in visual acuity measure Results: 26 charts (11 male and 15 female) of patients with BRVO from the Ophthalmological Department of Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital during 2010 were analyzed. All patients underwent a 6 months follow-up. The average VA loss before diagnostics was 21.2 days (1-140). The average VA was 0.74 LogMAR (p<0,001) with improvement after 6 month of treatment to 0.32 LogMAR (p<0,001), representing a average gain of 0.42 LogMAR (p<0,001) or 19.4 ETDRS letters (p<0,001). Non parametric tests ware used to allow more generalization of the results avoiding normality assumption. The Wilcoxon was applied to verify de VA variation during de study. No eye or systemic complications ware observed during the study. Conclusions: Visual acuity gain occur comparing before and after treatment with bevacizumab intravitreal injection followed by laser photocoagulation. The stability of the gain combined with a absences of complications demonstrate de potential of combined intravitreal bevacizumab and laser photocoagulation in patients with BRVO

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-10-31T20:21:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAUL CAMPOS SILVA.pdf: 1653423 bytes, checksum: 9666a3866cf6acd9c423eb26be573842 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T20:21:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAUL CAMPOS SILVA.pdf: 1653423 bytes, checksum: 9666a3866cf6acd9c423eb26be573842 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / The present research, elaborated in the context of arrival of the new Brazilian Civil Procedure Code, focuses the behavior of the Court of Justice of the State of Maranhão while using institutes of judicial decision uniformization, aiming to verify if this behavior improves the principle of legal certainty, and also to identify the reasons which explain such conduct. The research begins with the study of legal certainty, investigating its nature (as a principle), its ends and the attitudes that it demands from the three State branches. Following, the study will establish the behaviors required specifically to a ―civil law‖ Judiciary Branch, and to the Brazilian Judiciary Branch, for the accomplishment of legal certainty while using uniformized decisions. Finally, by means of decision analysis and interviews with judges, the conclusion is presented. / A presente pesquisa, realizada no contexto do advento do novo Código de Processo Civil brasileiro, tem por objeto a conduta institucional do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Maranhão (TJMA) no uso de institutos de uniformização de jurisprudência cível, procurando- se, primeiro, verificar se esse comportamento tem-se revelado apto a fomentar o princípio da segurança jurídica, e, segundo, identificar as razões que o explicam. Inicia-se com o estudo da segurança jurídica, sondando-se sua natureza (de norma-princípio), seus fins e as condutas que exige dos três Poderes do Estado. Em seguida, fixam-se as condutas que, hoje, são exigidas de um Poder Judiciário de ―civil law‖ para a observância ao princípio da segurança jurídica, bem como as que são exigidas especificamente do Poder Judiciário brasileiro no uso de jurisprudência uniformizada. Por fim, mediante análise de atos judiciais do TJMA e de entrevistas aplicadas a seus Desembargadores, apresenta-se conclusão responsiva ao problema formulado.

<p>U disertaciji je predložen metod za proračun kompleksnih kratkih spojeva u aktivnim, neuravnoteženim distributivnim mrežama velikih dimenzija. Predloženim metodom je moguće proračunavati kompleksne kratke spojeve sa proizvoljno izabranim brojem čvorova i brojem faza zahvaćenih kratkim spojem, bez prethodnog komplikovanog izvođenja uslova kratkog spoja. Različiti kratki spojevi se definišu jednostavnom inspekcijom. Pored toga, svi elementi distributivne mreže su modelovani dovoljno preciznim modelima, uključujući i savremene distribuirane energetske izvore. Posebna pažnja je posvećena ovim elementima i izvođenju njihovoh modela pogodnim za proračune kratkih spojeva mreža velikih dimenzija, s obzirom da ti modeli do sada nisu bili razvijeni, a broj ovih uređaja u distributivnim mrežama je sve veći. Predloženim metodom je moguće proračunavati neuravnotežene sisteme u nesimetričnim režimima pre kratkog spoja, a proračun se vrši u domenu simetričnih komponenti. Ova činjenica čini predloženi metod izuzetno brzim i pogodnim za &ldquo;on-line mode&rdquo; distributivnog menadžment sistema. Numerički rezultati na nekoliko reprezentativnih mreža jasno prikazuju prednost predloženog metoda u odnosu na postojeće metode za proračune kratkih spojeva distributtivnih mreža.</p> / <p>In this dissertation a calculation method for quantifying the impact of complex short-circuits on active unbalanced distribution systems is proposed. Unlike previous distribution system short-circuit calculations, the proposed method is capable of solving complex short-circuits with an arbitrary number of faulted busses and phases, without predefining the boundary (fault) conditions. Different short-circuits are defined by simple inspection of these faults. Moreover, all distribution system elements are appropriately modeled and integrated in the proposed method, including electronically coupled distributed energy resources (DERs). The development of new models for these DERs, suitable for on-line calculations of large-scale systems, is specially stressed as these models have not been developed yet. Finally, the proposed calculation procedure is capable of solving unbalanced systems, including mutually coupled sections, in unsymmetrical pre-fault states, and it is performed in the sequence domain. This makes the proposed method particularly fast and suitable for online distribution system analysis. The computation results show the advantages of the proposed method relative to previous short-circuit calculation methods, regarding both the required calculation time and the accuracy.</p>

As Oclusões Venosas da Retina são complicações do sistema vascular retiniano com grande potencial de impacto no sentido da visão. As oclusões Venosas são classificadas de acordo com a anatomia da região acometida e podem ser divididas em oclusão de ramo e da veia central da retina. O edema macular é a principal causa de baixa acuidade visual na Oclusão de Ramo da Veia Central da Retina (OVR). Sua detecção, localização e classificação são cruciais para a prevenção e tratamento da perda visual na OVR. A Biomicrospia Macular e a Angiofluoresceinografia são os métodos tradicionais de avaliação do edema macular na OVR, a Tomografia de Coerência Óptica (TCO) é uma tecnologia nova, que permite uma avaliação objetiva da morfologia macular. O objetivo primário do presente estudo foi avaliar, em uma mesma população, a acurácia dos métodos de diagnóstico do edema macular na OVR através da análise de três quesitos, aumento da espessura macular e da sua localização, presença de cistos intra-retinianos e a presença de descolamento seroso macular (DSM). Indivíduos com OVR foram selecionados com base nos achados fundoscópicos da doença e com tempo de história da doença entre três e vinte quatro meses. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos a exames com o Stratus OCT (TCO), Angiofluoresceinografia digital (Angio) e o exame da biomicroscopia macular com lente de Volk de 78 D (BM) dentro do período de uma semana, além de exame oftalmológico completo. As medidas utilizadas para avaliação da acurácia diagnóstica foram o índice de concordância Kappa e a sensibilidade. Dos 32 indivíduos inicialmente avaliados, 8 foram posteriormente excluídos por não cumprirem os critérios de inclusão ou de exclusão, restando 24 indivíduos para análise. Na avaliação da espessura macular, a concordância entre BM e a TCO foi substancial e significante para a detecção do aumento da espessura macular com Kappa = 0,778 (p < 0,001) e a sensibilidade foi 95,5%. Na comparação entre a BM e a TCO para a detecção de cistos intra-retinianos, a concordância foi fraca com Kappa = 0,250 (p = 0,066) e a sensibilidade foi 57,9 %. A concordância entre a Angio e a TCO para os cistos foi pobre e não significante com Kappa = 0,124 (p = 0,237) e a sensibilidade foi 58,7 %. Houve uma correlação significante entre a presença de extravasamento na angiofluoresceinografia e a presença de cistos intra-retinianos na TCO (p=0,042). Na avaliação do DSM a concordância entre a BM e a TCO foi fraca com Kappa = 0,314 (p = 0,062) e a sensibilidade foi 60%, não houve concordância entre a Angio e a TCO para a detecção do DSM com Kappa = 0 e sensibilidade de 0%, e também não houve correlação significante entre a presença de descolamento seroso na TCO e a presença de extravasamento na angiofluoresceinografia (p=0,615). Os dados obtidos no presente estudo sugeriram que o Stratus OCT têm acurácia superior para a detecção dos cistos intra-retinianos e do descolamento seroso macular, se comparado à biomicroscopia macular e à angiofluoresceinografia / Retinal Vein Occlusions are complications of the retinal vascular system that can cause a great impact on vision. The Vein Occlusions are classified according to the anatomy of the affected region and can be categorized as: branch retinal vein occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion. Macular edema is the main cause for low visual acuity in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO). Its detection, location and classification are crucial for the prevention and treatment of vision loss in BRVO. Both Macular Biomicroscopy and Angiofluoresceinography are traditional methods for the evaluation of the macular edema in BRVO; the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a new technology that allows for an objective evaluation of macular morphology. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate, among the same population, the accuracy of the diagnostic methods of macular edema in BRVO through the analysis of three items: the increase of macular thickness and its location, the presence of intraretinal cysts, and the presence of serous macular detachment. Patients with BRVO were selected according to the fundoscopic findings of the disease and a disease history of three to twenty-four months. All of the individuals underwent exams with the Stratus OCT, digital Angiofluoresceinography (Angio) and a macular biomicroscopy with a 78D Volk lens (MB), within a period of one week, as well as a complete ophthalmologic exam. The parameters used in the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy were sensitivity and the kappa coefficient. Of the 32 subjects who were initially evaluated, 8 were later excluded since they did not meet inclusion or exclusion criteria. The remaining 24 subjects were analyzed. In the evaluation of macular thickness, the concordance between the MB and the OCT was substantial and significant in the detection of the increase in macular thickness, with Kappa = 0.778 (p<0.001) and a sensitivity of 95.5%. When comparing the MB and the OCT in the detection of intraretinal cysts, the concordance was fair, with Kappa = 0.250 (p = 0.066) and a sensitivity of 57.9%. The concordance between the Angio and the OCT for cysts detection was poor and non significant, with Kappa = 0.124 (p = 0.237) and a sensitivity of 58.7%. There was a significant correlation between the presence of leakage in the angiofluoresceinography and the presence of intraretinal cysts in the OCT (p = 0.042). In the evaluation of the SMD, the concordance between the MB and the OCT was fair, with Kappa = 0.314 (p = 0.062) and a sensitivity of 60% an there was no concordance between the Angio and the OCT in the detection of SMD, with Kappa = 0 and sensitivity of 0%. There was also no significant correlation between the presence of serous detachment in the OCT and the presence of leakage in the angiofluoresceinography (p = 0.615). The results obtained in the present study suggest that Stratus OCT is more accurate to the detection of intraretinal cysts and serous macular detachment than macular biomicroscopy with a 78D Volk lens, and by angiofluoresceinography

值此工商業蓬勃發展之際，辦公室活動早已取代製造業活動，成為都市中最重要之經濟活動基礎，然而國內有關商用不動產之研究卻仍方興未艾，未見系統化與學術上之專門研究，遠落後於國外之研究幾達二十年，是以本研究試圖從國內對住宅不動產研究之心得，加以嘗試引藉用於探討住宅與辦公室之租金差異，藉以瞭解面積、區位與產品特徵屬性等要素對於兩種租賃不動產租金之影響。其次，進一步加入國內合法與違規混合使用之住辦混合產品進行討論，以便於澄清住辦混合產品的相輔與轉換使用彈性優勢，是否使其享有更好的租金報酬。本研究第二部分探討國內大型企業辦公室最近十年間的區位選擇與遷徙活動，分析大型企業的主要辦公室區位是否與產業的變遷趨勢一致？並探討生產力函數中的效率參數--電子與面對面資訊，以及資本、勞力、產業類型與經營績效等變數，對大型企業廠商辦公室區位變遷決策的影響，藉以釐清大型企業辦公室的區位活動。最後，則是從一般性的辦公室活動討論中，進一步切入以分公司辦公室活動作為研究主題，探討廠商擴張後的分公司辦公室區位選擇，是否與一般辦公室活動相同？藉以澄清分公司辦公室活動對地區發展之影響。綜上三大研究課題，本文獲致如下結論： 一、從辦公室、住宅與住辦混合產品租金比較中發現，面積、區位與產品特徵屬性對辦公室和住宅租金的影響有顯著差異，而住辦混合產品在各要素對租金的彈性變動敏感程度普遍不及於其他兩種產品，顯示住辦混合產品在各要素對租金的影響上不如單一使用的產品，亦間接推論住辦混合產品的外部成本可能大於外部經濟，使得單純使用的辦公室或住宅所反映的高品質依舊能享有較高的租金。同樣的，住辦混合中間產品的轉換特性也未使其出現辦公室大於住辦混合，又大於住宅產品之經濟直覺般的競租順序。因此，未來廠商或出租者在產品的規劃設計上，應該要朝向以提供高品質單一用途之租賃不動產為主。其次，從產品特徵屬性對不同類型不動產租金的影響結果發現，辦公室比較重視總樓層所帶來的名望效果，以及業務吸引力；而住宅則比較看重所在樓層之效用可及性，顯示未來在產品規劃上，辦公室除了著重區位考量外，也應重視總樓層所帶來的效益，而住宅則可以加強對所在樓層特徵屬性之考量。 二、從大型企業辦公室的區位選擇與遷徙研究中發現，大型企業廠商的辦公室區位選擇與其產業的區位變遷並不一致；服務業的大型企業辦公室顯著的集中在市中心，但製造業的大型企業辦公室則因著區位先佔優勢與惰性，以及生產性服務業之特性，並未同其產業一樣顯著的遷徙至市郊，顯示製造業的外移，並未同時影響其企業主要辦公室同樣外移，反倒是若干服務業辦公室在擠不進市中心的情況下，只得選擇郊化外移。因此，未來應視大型企業之資訊需求種類與強度，誘導其向市中心或市郊聚集，對於僅需電子資訊的大型企業，應加強資訊技術提昇，以降低面對面接觸之通勤往返成本，並促使其向郊區搬遷，以便於獲得更廉價的辦公空間，並降低廠商營運之租金成本，而空出的市中心辦公大樓，也能為企業賺取一份租金收益。其次，面對大型企業辦公室的外移趨勢，未來應推動郊區辦公園區的規劃，以便於聚集日益增加的後勤辦公室，而市中心的再發展與更新，也有助於吸引更多需要面對面資訊的大型企業進駐。再者，從大型企業廠商辦公室的遷徙決策研究中發現，除了需要電子資訊的大型企業有顯著的遷徙以外，個別產業的遷徙仍不明顯，惟可察覺出遷徙的軌跡是由市中心移出，並向市區與市郊移動，是以為預防中心都市之衰頹與降低都市擴張，應儘早加強中心商業區之更新。 三、分公司辦公室區位選擇研究結果發現，分公司辦公室的區位活動並不完全像典型辦公室活動一般集中於市中心，不同類型的分公司辦公室明顯的集中在不同的核心地區。其中，輔助性活動型分公司顯著的集中在市中心，面對面營業型分公司辦公室則是聚集在人口密集地區，而業務集散轉運型分公司更是向聯外交通便捷地區發展。由於分公司屬於企業的分支機構與擴張，其區位選址除了廠商自身利益的追求考量以外，更是決定一個地區發展與就業成長的關鍵。因此，對於不同核心地區，提供適當的商業用地、公共設施，並在法令上規定允許的使用項目，將有助於分公司辦公室的活動與整個都市的成長。其次，本研究從影響分公司區位選擇的因素中發現，除了專技人員薪資、資本與稅捐及規費等顯著的影響分公司設立於市中心以外，資本、稅捐及規費也顯著的影響分公司設立於人口密集地區，而樓地板面積、一般職員薪資與租金則是顯著的影響分公司辦公室選擇聯外交通便捷地區，此一結果顯示影響一般辦公室區位選擇的因素，對於分公司辦公室區位選擇的影響呈現出明顯的差異，影響分公司辦公室設立於人口密集地區與聯外交通便捷地區的變數要多於市中心，凸顯了分公司辦公室區位選擇的不同，應在辦公室的區位選擇研究中加以有所區隔。 目 錄 第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………………1 一、研究動機 ………………………………………………………1 二、研究目的 ………………………………………………………3 三、研究方法 ………………………………………………………4 四、資料說明 ………………………………………………………5 五、名詞定義 ………………………………………………………5 六、研究限制 ………………………………………………………6 七、研究流程 ………………………………………………………7 第二章 相關理論與文獻回顧 ……………………………...8 一、辦公室、住宅與住辦混合租金相關理論與文獻回顧 ………8 二、區位和聚集理論與辦公室相關文獻回顧 ……………………9 第三章 辦公室、住宅與住辦混合租金比較分析 ………..15 一、前言 ……………………………………………………………15 二、理論基礎與研究假說建立 ……………………………………16 三、現況分析與資料樣本統計描述 ………………………………22 四、實證分析 ………………………………………………………23 五、小結 ……………………………………………………………30 第四章 大型企業辦公室區位選擇與遷徙分析 …………..33 一、前言 ……………………………………………………………33 二、理論基礎 ………………………………………………………34 三、台北都會區大型企業辦公室概況分析 ………………………38 四、實證分析 ………………………………………………………46 五、小結 ……………………………………………………………61 第五章 分公司辦公室區位選擇分析 ……………………..64 一、前言 ……………………………………………………………64 二、理論基礎 ………………………………………………………65 三、實證模型與資料分析 …………………………………………69 四、實證分析結果與說明 …………………………………………73 五、小結 ……………………………………………………………78 第六章 結論 ………………………………………………...80 一、結論 ……………………………………………………………81 二、後續研究 ………………………………………………………84 參考文獻 …………………………………………………….86 附錄 ………………………………………………………….93 索引 ………………………………………………………….96 / This dissertation consisted of three relative essays. In the first paper, I analyzes the differences in the rent of office, housing and the mix-used from three factors - floor area, location, and characteristics of products. Empirical results show that the effect of the increase in floor area on the rent of housing is larger than that of office and the mix-used. There is a difference in marginal rent between office and housing in the city, while not difference in downtown. Additionally, the marginal rent for the location in the mix-used falls behind the other two types. In the characteristics of products, office emphasizes the reputation and business attraction brought about by the total number of floor while the housing puts more accessibility on the located floor in the building. However, the marginal rent of housing is more than that of office in the accessibility. As for the rent between office and the mix-used or for that between the housing and the mix-used, the characteristic show little significance because of the mixed use between these two types. In sum, the effects of the mix-used on the marginal rent and factors elasticity are not superior to the single use in all factors, and office or housing still has the higher rent. Results also show that transformation characteristic of the mix-used does not support the intuitional bid-rent order of office greater than the mix-used and housing in Taipei. In the second paper, I examined the largest corporations office location change in Taipei metropolitan area. This study uses the data that collected by China credit Information Service, Ltd. to analyze the location choice and migration of largest corporations. The empirical results show that the location choice of largest corporations differs from the location change of industries. The corporation of service industry significantly concentrates downtown while the manufacturing industry have no trend to significantly concentrate downtown because of prior occupation advantages and inertia. Additionally, firms requiring face-to-face information significantly concentrate in downtown, and high-tech firms requiring electronic information have significantly chose the location in the suburbs. As for the part of the foreign investment enterprises, they choose the location in downtown as well because of information and prestige image. In the decision of migration, firms requiring electronic information have significant movement while others are not obvious. Nevertheless, the whole migration process is obviously from downtown to the city area and the outskirts. Furthermore, the location choice of largest corporations having movement is the same as that of aforementioned largest corporations in the capital, work force, foreign investment enterprises, and operation performance. The final paper examined the location choice of branch office. The empirical results show that the location activities of branch office do not as same as general office to concentrated in CBD. The ancillary service branch (such as the law) is concentrated in CBD significantly. The business branch (such as bank) is concentrated in highly density of population district. And then the type of branches with distribution and transport (such as storehouse) is even more concentrated in convenient communications district. Next, the influences of factors on general office location choice have obvious difference to branch office.

Det här är en kvantitativ studie av hur kreditpreferenser hos mikrobolag med en årsomsättning om mindre än 10 miljoner SEK beror av branschtillhörighet och företagsstorlek. Mikrobolag är små bolag med mindre än 10 personer anställda och en årsomsättning på mindre än 2 miljoner euro. Det teoretiska ramverket utgår från asymmetrisk informationsteori och mer specifikt från pecking order theory, POT samt trade off-teorin. Kreditpreferenserna mäts genom två olika parametrar, dels genom mikrobolagens avsättning till periodiseringsfonder vilket kan ses som ett mellanting mellan extern och intern finansiering, dels genom förekomsten av externa lån från kreditinstitut. Branscherna som undersöks är tillverkning samt tjänster vilka anses skilja sig åt vad gäller kreditpreferenser. Tillverkningsbranschen har större anläggningstillgångar vilket anses göra det lättare för dem att få extern kredit enligt trade off-teorin. Tjänstebranschen däremot, med mer immateriella tillgångar skulle då föredra periodiseringsfonder eftersom enligt POT så föredrar mindre företag internt genererat kapital. Ett antal hypoteser ställs upp som sedan testas med chi-två. Resultatet motsäger delvis teorierna. Från studien framgår dock att de undersökta företagen i tjänstebranschen har större preferenser för användning av periodiseringsfond än tillverkningsbranschen. En slutsats från studien är alltså att branschtillhörighet har betydelse för kreditpreferenserna. För företagsstorlek går inte att dra några säkra slutsatser.

In the mid-nineteenth century Métis society re-established itself west of Red River in the Saskatchewan country. This thesis tells the long overlooked story of the English Métis of the Prince Albert Settlement, beginning with James Isbisters initial farm in 1862 and the wave of Métis who followed him west in search of a better life. Questions of Identity, Politics, and Religion are answered to place the English Métis in the historical context of the Métis nation and the events of the Canadian states institutional expansion onto the Western prairies. The place of the English Métis vis-à-vis their French, First Nations, and Euro-Canadian neighbours is examined, as are their attempts to secure a land base and continued collective identity under pressures from hostile state and economic forces. Their importance in the events of the period which would have long lasting national and local significance is also examined. A survey of the community and the changes it went through is given from the initial settlement period to the dissolution of the English Métis as a recognizable collective force following Louis Riels uprising.

The mechanisms of pre-mRNA splicing regulation are poorly understood. Here we dissect how the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal L30 protein blocks splicing of its pre-mRNA upon binding a kink-turn structure including the 5' splice site. We show that L30 binds the nascent RPL30 transcript without preventing recognition of the 5' splice site by U1 snRNP but blocking U2 snRNP association with the branch site. Interaction of the factors BBP and Mud2p with the intron, relevant for U2 snRNP recruitment, is not affected by L30. Furthermore, the functions of neither the DEAD-box protein Sub2p in the incipient spliceosome, nor of the U2 snRNP factor Cus2p on branch site recognition, are required for L30 inhibition. These findings contrast with the effects caused by binding a heterologous protein to the same region, completely blocking intron recognition. Collectively, our data suggest that L30 represses a spliceosomal rearrangement required for U2 snRNP association with the nascent RPL30 transcript.