Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-04-02T16:36:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosEduardoDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1292241 bytes, checksum: 63a3df15cff0391bf9ac2d75aa897cca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-09T23:01:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosEduardoDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1292241 bytes, checksum: 63a3df15cff0391bf9ac2d75aa897cca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T23:01:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosEduardoDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1292241 bytes, checksum: 63a3df15cff0391bf9ac2d75aa897cca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-16 / No ?mbito da geografia escolar, o conte?do energia e?lica se destaca na compreens?o da sua necessidade como fonte de energia, sua import?ncia para vida em sociedade e para as atividades humanas, possuindo forte rela??o com o espa?o geogr?fico. Dentro da perspectiva espacial, esse conte?do relaciona-se com diferentes aspectos da realidade - economia, pol?tica, ambiente, sociedade, cultura etc. Situ?-lo na perspectiva espacial e trabalhando sua espacialidade, suas implica??es socioambientais e suas rela??es com as dimens?es da realidade, resultar? na sua compreens?o como inerente no entendimento do espa?o geogr?fico. Diante disso, esta pesquisa prop?e-se a analisar o conte?do da energia e?lica e seu desenvolvimento no ensino de geografia. Al?m de a entender como se apresenta esse conte?do no ensino de geografia, a rela??o entre este e o professor e as rela??es intensas com a metodologia e os recursos de ensino, Este trabalho justifica-se como a contribui??o que a pesquisa poder? trazer para a compreens?o das rela??es que envolvem esses variados elementos do processo de ensino. O percurso metodol?gico d?-se, inicialmente, com o levantamento bibliogr?fico, seguido de an?lise do conte?do de energia e?lica presente nos livros did?ticos e de aplica??o de question?rio com professores de geografia. Apesar da import?ncia da energia e?lica enquanto atividade econ?mica em expans?o, sua abordagem na geografia escolar ainda possui lacunas em n?o apresentar sua espacialidade e seus impactos socioambientais, cruciais para entend?-lo dentro da perspectiva geogr?fica. O conte?do de energia e?lica presente em livros did?ticos atuais tamb?m necessita de complementa??o, principalmente no que se refere a materiais que foquem esse tema na perspectiva geogr?fica, principalmente outros recursos de ensino, como paradid?ticos, mapas, e jogos, al?m de novas metodologias. / In school geography scope, Wind Power theme stands out due to its attribution as a power source as well as its relevance for the social life and human activities, while it is strongly related to the geographic space. According to space perspective, this subject-matter is related to many reality aspects, along with economics, politics, environment, society, culture, etc. The present work locates this topic according to space perspective while describes its spatiality, its socio-environmental implications and its relations with reality dimensions, in order to understand it as inherent to recognition of geographic space. On this, the aim of the present research was to analyze the theme of Wind Power and its development in the teaching of geography. The understanding of how this topic presents itself in the teaching of geography; the affinity between the teacher and this matter, as well as the relation between the theme and methodology and teaching resources constitute the contribution that this research can bring to the understanding of the relationships that involve these many elements of the teaching process. The applied methodology consisted of a bibliographic survey followed by analysis of the Wind Power theme found in textbooks, as well as application of questionnaire directed to geography teachers. Despite the importance of wind energy as an expanding economic activity, studies on this subject in school geography still have gaps regarding the non-verification of the spatiality and its social and environmental impacts, which are crucial to understanding the subject within the geographical perspective. The content on Wind Power in textbooks is also insufficient and needs complementation, remarkably with regard to contents that focuses on this theme from a geographical perspective, mostly teaching resources alternative to traditional ones, such as extra-textbooks, maps and games, in addition to new methodologies.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-04T22:09:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RenatoMoraisGuerra_DISSERT.pdf: 11801338 bytes, checksum: 4f7048775f7af1df51175e7484db36de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-12T00:12:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RenatoMoraisGuerra_DISSERT.pdf: 11801338 bytes, checksum: 4f7048775f7af1df51175e7484db36de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-12T00:12:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenatoMoraisGuerra_DISSERT.pdf: 11801338 bytes, checksum: 4f7048775f7af1df51175e7484db36de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21 / O presente trabalho tem por contexto o desenvolvimento e suas percep??es, tido como elemento jur?dico integrador do sistema de normas brasileiras, especialmente diante de sua predile??o em todo o corpo Constitui??o da Rep?blica. Sua conceitua??o transborda o crescimento num?rico da economia e tangencia a concep??o senesiana que conjuga desenvolvimento e liberdade. Essa inser??o serve ? investiga??o das origens e dos prop?sitos da pol?tica brasileira de Conte?do Local no setor de petr?leo. Essa descoberta leva inexoravelmente ao sistema de certifica??o de Conte?do Local, logo percebido como ferramenta ? disponibilidade do desenvolvimento do pa?s. Abordar-se-?, ao longo da pesquisa, a rela??o intuitiva entre a Constitui??o e o Desenvolvimento, no contexto da ind?stria energ?tica petrol?fera, bem como a inclus?o do sistema de certifica??o nesse bin?mio, al?m dos pr?prios comandos constitucionais que guardam particular interesse n?o s? com a promo??o do desenvolvimento da ind?stria e do pa?s, mas tamb?m com a pr?pria legitimidade a pol?tica de Conte?do Local, de modo que o seu sistema de certifica??o deixa de estar ? disponibilidade e passa a ser instrumento do interesse p?blico desenvolvimentista. O alcance desses objetivos se dar? com a ado??o dos processos metodol?gicos dedutivo e dial?tico e de t?cnicas de coleta de documenta??o indireta, com pesquisa documental e pesquisa bibliogr?fica, m?todos que revelar?o as lacunas hodiernamente existentes no modelo posto, sobretudo diante da n?o consecu??o dos desideratos desenvolvimentistas pensados no in?cio da pol?tica, dado o alto ?ndice de n?o cumprimento da cl?usula de Conte?do Local. / This present work has as its context the development and its perceptions, all in the intente of framing it as integrating juridical element of the Brazilian system of norms, especially with its predilection by the Constitution. Your conceptualization overflows the numeric growth of the economy and tangents the Senesian conception that combines development and freedom. This insertion serves to investigate the origins and purposes of the Brazilian local content policy in the petroleum sector. This discovery leads inexorably to the local content certification system, soon perceived as a tool for the availability of the country's development. To this purpose, an intuitive relationship between the Constitution and Development will be tackled throughout the research, all in the context of the oil industry, not only with a promotion of the development of industry and the country, but also with a political legitimization of Local content, so that your certification system is no longer available and passes through an instrument of public interest. These objectives will be achieved through the adoption of deductive and dialectical methodological processes and indirect documentation collection techniques, with documentary research and bibliographical research, methods that will reveal the existing gaps in the model post, especially in the face of the failure to achieve the developmentalist ideals thought at the beginning of the policy, given the high rate of non-compliance with the Local Content clause. It is intended to emphasize the developmental aspect of this system, establishing it as the ultimate goal of the local content policy, proposing, moreover, a more protective model and closely linked to the fundamental objectives of the Republic of guaranteeing national development and the reduction of regional inequalities.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-05T19:30:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JaneClaudiaCabralBragelone_DISSERT.pdf: 3877196 bytes, checksum: 01c25779cecf25c808019139edac5555 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-17T22:07:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JaneClaudiaCabralBragelone_DISSERT.pdf: 3877196 bytes, checksum: 01c25779cecf25c808019139edac5555 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-17T22:07:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JaneClaudiaCabralBragelone_DISSERT.pdf: 3877196 bytes, checksum: 01c25779cecf25c808019139edac5555 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-13 / O objetivo deste trabalho ? investigar como o ensino de conceitos, procedimentos e atitudes est?o presentes nas aulas de Geografia, aproximando as constru??es te?ricas sobre o tema ?s experi?ncias de alguns professores, que atuam nas escolas p?blicas estaduais de Natal (RN), de modo a desenvolver propostas metodol?gicas de ensino a partir dessa intera??o. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que o ensino de conte?dos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais ? um meio, uma possibilidade, que d? condi??es para a forma??o de estudantes mais competentes, condizentes com as demandas da sociedade atual, com os objetivos da educa??o nacional e do ensino de Geografia, postos nos documentos oficiais. Para o desenvolvimento desta proposta, a pesquisa emp?rica foi realizada em escolas estaduais de Natal, por meio da coleta de dados com a equipe gestora dessas escolas e professores de Geografia do Ensino Fundamental. Entre esses professores, alguns foram acompanhados durante suas pr?ticas em sala de aula, na busca de encontrar em suas experi?ncias possibilidades para a quest?o de como ensinar esses conte?dos. Nesse sentido, o texto apresenta um breve diagn?stico, que caracteriza o ensino de Geografia realizado em algumas escolas p?blicas estaduais de Natal (RN); na sequ?ncia compartilhou-se as experi?ncias da pr?tica dos professores e suas estrat?gias metodol?gicas que se relacionam com o ensino de conte?dos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais. Por fim, sistematizou-se algumas propostas metodol?gicas, reelaboradas com base nas aulas que foram observadas, estabelecendo correla??es entre o ensino de conceitos, procedimentos e atitudes. / The objective of this work is to investigate how the teaching of concepts, procedures and attitudes is present in the classes of Geography, approaching the theoretical constructions on the subject to the experiences of some teachers, who work in the state public schools of Natal (RN), in order to Develop methodological proposals of teaching from this interaction. We assume that the teaching of conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents is a means, a possibility, that gives conditions for the formation of more competent students, in keeping with the demands of the present society, with the objectives of the national education and the teaching of Geography, put in the official documents. For the development of this proposal, the empirical research was carried out in state schools of Natal, through the collection of data with the management team of these schools and teachers of Geography of Elementary School. Among these teachers, some were accompanied during their practices in the classroom, in the search to find in their experiences possibilities for the question of how to teach these contents. In this sense, the text presents a brief diagnosis, which characterizes the teaching of Geography carried out in some state public schools of Natal (RN); In the sequence we share the experiences of the teachers' practice, and their methodological strategies that are related to the teaching of conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents. Finally, we systematized some methodological proposals, re-elaborated based on the classes that were observed, establishing correlations between the teaching of concepts, procedures and attitudes.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta pesquisa tem como tema a promoÃÃo da aprendizagem de lÃngua materna atravÃs do desenvolvimento de capacidades para a leitura que favoreÃam o letramento literÃrio. A pertinÃncia de tal objeto se justifica pela necessidade de se promoverem prÃticas escolares que consigam aliar a leitura à reflexÃo geradora de construÃÃo de sentidos nos textos presentes em diferentes esferas sociais, incluindo-se o texto literÃrio, com o intuito de superar as dificuldades inerentes ao processo de ler de maneira crÃtica. Para tal investigaÃÃo, respaldou-se no aporte teÃrico-metodolÃgico da pesquisa-aÃÃo (THIOLLENT, 2011) e desenvolveu-se uma proposta de intervenÃÃo em que o principal objeto de anÃlise envolveu a habilidade de identificar, a partir da leitura de contos de Clarice Lispector, os contextos de produÃÃo e os mecanismos enunciativos, a saber, as vozes e as modalizaÃÃes, levando em conta a representaÃÃo dos papeis sociais assumidos pelos personagens à luz do quadro teÃrico do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD) proposto por Bronckart (2009), alÃm das contribuiÃÃes de Braggio (1992) quanto Ãs concepÃÃes de leitura historicamente construÃdas. A investigaÃÃo foi realizada em uma escola da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Fortaleza-Ce e contou com a participaÃÃo direta da professora-pesquisadora e dos alunos de uma turma de 8 ano do Ensino Fundamental da referida instituiÃÃo. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, utilizou-se como procedimento metodolÃgico uma adaptaÃÃo para a leitura do modelo de SequÃncia DidÃtica (SD) proposto por Dolz, Noverraz e Schneuwly (2004), alÃm das etapas de uma aula comunicativa de leitura sugeridas por Cicurel (1991) e redefinidas por Leurquin (2014), e de algumas observaÃÃes propostas por Cosson (2009) no tocante ao letramento literÃrio. Na anÃlise dos resultados, optou-se pelas tÃcnicas de observaÃÃo, descriÃÃo e anÃlise reflexiva dos dados coletados a partir de material didÃtico desenvolvido pela pesquisadora. A apreciaÃÃo dos dados permitiu que fossem identificadas evoluÃÃes na compreensÃo de todos os nÃveis do folhado textual proposto pela teoria do ISD, em especial, das vozes e das modalizaÃÃes presentes nos textos favorecendo, assim, uma melhor interpretaÃÃo textual e o desenvolvimento crÃtico do leitor. Observou-se tambÃm o interesse dos estudantes pela prÃtica da leitura literÃria a partir de um modelo de aula sistematizado e mediado pelo professor, proporcionando o desenvolvimento de outras prÃticas, como a oralidade, a escrita e as expressÃes artÃsticas. O trabalho foi vÃlido tambÃm no sentido de haver permitido à pesquisadora refletir teoricamente sobre o seu agir profissional.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-11-28T13:37:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Maiara S. Coelho.pdf: 3183359 bytes, checksum: 67664d4cc48ed95893baa5a29f336b43 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-11-28T13:37:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Maiara S. Coelho.pdf: 3183359 bytes, checksum: 67664d4cc48ed95893baa5a29f336b43 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-11-28T13:38:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Maiara S. Coelho.pdf: 3183359 bytes, checksum: 67664d4cc48ed95893baa5a29f336b43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-28T13:38:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Maiara S. Coelho.pdf: 3183359 bytes, checksum: 67664d4cc48ed95893baa5a29f336b43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Due to increasing demand of HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) in the last years, se-veral studies have been performed to develop multimedia content distribution techniques to the Internet, aiming to improve the users Quality of Experience (QoE). Techniques such as algorithms that automatically adjust the bit rates to network conditions during a video session and algorithms that assist in the preparation of multimedia content for access by customers. Although there are a large number of studies in this area, many have not explored network resource sharing scenarios between multiple clients and little have investigated issues relating to preparation of the content multimedia. Making it necessary to study more about this complex scenario for the future to ensure a fairer distribution of network resources, furthermore users can experience similar qualities. In addition, pre-paration of the content should be viewed as an important process such as the adaptive algorithms for better distribution of the content and to improve the QoE. This work pre-sents a video stream adaptation strategy that takes into account factors related to QoE, as the playback interruption frequency. The goal is to minimize the amount of video playback interruption, thereby improving its continuity. The experiments are performed in different network scenarios for one client and in extreme resource scarcity scenarios on a share across multiple clients. Furthermore, we experienced versioning videos with different granularity and FPS (frames per second). In the results, the used metrics are average video bit rate, probability of interruptions, instability and fairness. In addition, this work presents the study of the impact of the strategy on such metrics. / A ampla adoção do Streaming Adaptativo sobre HTTP tem motivado estudos relacionado as técnicas de distribuição de conteúdo multimídia na Internet. Os esforços têm sido no sentido de desenvolver novas estratégias de acesso a esse conteúdo considerando o modelo de serviço de melhor esforço implementado na Internet. Apesar da grande quantidade de estudos, poucos exploram cenários de compartilhamento da rede de acesso entre clientes e investigam questões relacionadas à preparação do conteúdo distribuído. Investigar a dinâmica de acesso, em ambiente compartilhado, tem como motivação principal melhorar a QoE dos usuários, minimizando o número de interrupções experimentadas pelos usuários do sistema de distribuição do conteúdo. Por outro lado, a preparação do conteúdo visa um ajuste com a estratégia de acesso proposta, ao mesmo tempo que se reconhece os limites dos recursos de armazenamento e transmissão. Nesta dissertação apresenta-se uma estratégia para acesso a conteúdo multimídia que compreende em re-comendações de versionamento e um algoritmo adaptativo, o versionamento é preparado conforme a padronização DASH e o algoritmo reconhece as condições da rede, além disso suas decisões são baseadas na frequência de interrupção da reprodução. A estratégia proposta melhora a continuidade da sessão de acesso, um parâmetro de QoE importante no contexto de transmissão de streaming de vídeo. Nos primeiros resultados numéricos foram avaliados diferentes valores de granularidade da taxa de bits e de volume do fluxo de dados. No posteriores foram avaliadas as seguintes métricas: i) taxa de bits média, ii) número e duração das interrupções e iii) instabilidade e justiça, em diferentes cenários de rede, caracterizados pelo compartilhamento com vários clientes.

Après avoir proposé une définition opératoire du mythe littéraire, et suggéré, sous l’étiquette de « mytholectures », un mode d’approche de cet objet, le travail se subdivise en deux grandes parties. La première, diachronique, cherche à sonder le devenir historique du mythe de Perceval, de Chrétien de Troyes à nos jours ; il s’agit essentiellement d’observer comment la valeur et le sens du mythe se sont élaborés progressivement au fil de ses réécritures – comment chaque période, chaque auteur a rencontré le mythe sous un rapport singulier, susceptible de lui fournir un « miroir » qui reflète certaines de ses préoccupations et lui permette, parallèlement, de configurer son expérience du monde. Les principales étapes de ce parcours (qui touche à environ quatre-vingts auteurs) sont Richard Wagner et Julien Gracq. La seconde partie propose deux approches thématiques du mythe de Perceval : l’une d’elles est centrée sur la problématique familiale et les enjeux relationnels qui, de reprise en reprise, ne cessent d’être réinterprétés sous divers angles (dont Œdipe, cet « anti-Perceval » n’est jamais très loin). L’autre axe thématique s’intéresse à la propension marquée du mythe de Perceval à fonctionner comme modèle des deux pôles de l’activité littéraire que sont la lecture (quête de sens) et de l’écriture (quête poétique) : divers « arts poétiques percevaliens » (de Wagner à Perec, en passant par Proust ou Handke) closent ainsi le parcours. / After having outlined a functional definition of the “literary myth”, and having proposed a new way of approaching this object under the label “myrhoreadings”, the present work is divided into two main parts. The first one is diachronic. Its aim is to analyse the historical construction of the myth of Percival, from Chrétien of Troyes until now. The main purpose of this inquiry is to examine how the myth’s value and meaning were gradually elaborated through its rewritings, and how each period, each author have met the myth as a “mirror” reflecting his personal concerns and allowing him to configure his experience of the world. The main figures along this journey are (among about eighty authors) Richard Wagner and Julien Gracq. The second part proposes two thematic approaches to the myth of Percival: the first one focuses on the family issues and the relational stuctures central to most of the rewritings of the myth (where Oedipus, this “anti-percival”, is rarely far away). The second theme examines the frequent use of this myth as a model for the two poles of the literary activity: reading (quest of meaning) and writing (poetic quest). A few “percivalian poetic arts” thus conclude this study, from Wagner to Proust, Handke or Perec.

L’OGC Nice en 2003 et le Stade Brestois 29 en 2004, clubs de football professionnel, ont accédé à la division supérieure. En scindant le concept de performance en deux processus (le compétitif et le performatif), il est possible de déterminer si le social a influencé leurs résultats. Dans les deux cas, la série d’entretiens thématiques semi-directifs s’appuyant sur le discours journalistique de leur parcours sportif montre la prédominance de l’identité locale lors d’un événement déclencheur de la performance au cours duquel l’équipe se transcende. Le Kairos reçu des dieux est ce moment particulier qui marque le début de leurs performances. Les matches deviennent des rites sportifs dont le but est d’accéder au sacré. Ce rite a son origine dans le rite sacrificiel mais la mimésis ne sert pas à transférer la violence vers une victime émissaire. Elle devient le support d’une accession au sacré. La puissance qui passerait de la société à l’équipe n’est que la prise de conscience du joueur qu’il peut mobiliser sa propre puissance de concert avec ses partenaires. La saison sportive est ainsi une perpétuelle reconstitution de la société avec, semble-t-il, comme canevas les contes et les mythes. Elle devient l’incarnation d’un imaginaire qui s’appuie sur l’affectivité humaine pour exister. L’homme est en quelque sorte un territoire ou l’imaginaire se lie au réel : il est un champion qui s’ignore et qui ne le découvre qu’en saisissant le Kairos. / Two professional football clubs, OGC Nice and Stade Brestois 29 reached the upper division in 2003 and 2004 respectively (Ligue 1 for OGC Nice and Ligue 2 for Stade Brestois 29). In order to determine whether their results were influenced by social issues or not, the concept of performance will be split into two processes (competitive and performative). In both cases, the series of semi-structured thematic interviews based on journalists’ speeches on their sports career shows the predominance of local identity during an event triggering their performance and during which the team transcends itself. The Kairos received from the gods stands for this particular moment when their performances begin. Matches are becoming sports rites aiming the sacred. Such rite originates in the sacrificial rites but mimesis is not use for transferring violence onto a scapegoat. It becomes the medium to get to the sacred. The strength which is supposed to go from society to the team is nothing but the player’s awareness of his ability to mobilize his own strength together with his team mates. Sport season is therefore a perpetual reconstruction of society with seemingly tales and myths as its framework. It becomes the embodiment of a fantasy based on human emotions. Man is somehow a territory where imaginary is linked to reality: he is an unconscious champion who only discovers it thanks to the Kairos.

La réalité de l'inceste nous révèle la fréquence de ces pratiques sans différenciation de sexe, d'âge ou de statut social. L'objectif de notre thèse se décline en trois parties: Une première partie, dans laquelle nous donnons un aperçu global sur la question de l'inceste. Ce chapitre est consacré d'abord à la définition de l'inceste, à sa prohibition, son but et son origine selon différents points de vue, socio-anthropologique, biologique, psychanalytique.Une deuxième partie consacrée aux hypothèses de travail à travers des cas cliniques: Hypothèse : que la famille incestueuse va utiliser des procédés calmants et que le passage à l'acte incestueux est l'un de ces procédés. Hypothèse : de l'injonction maternelle pouvant conduire à l'inceste. Une troisième partie sur les versions princeps du conte Peau-Âne (Perrault, Grimm). / The reality of incest reveals the frequency of these acts, committed regardless differentiation of gender, age or social status. The purpose of this thesis is divided into three parts: The first part, we give an overview on the issue of incest. This part deals with the definition of incest, its prohibition, its purpose and origin from diverse theoretical backgrounds, socio-anthropological, biological, and psychoanalytical. A second part develops clinical hypotheses through case studies: Assumption that the incestuous family will use calming strategies and the transition to incest could be one (maladaptive) of these processes. Hypothesis of maternal injunction (implicit and in a systemic approach) could lead to incest A third part is dedicated to the princeps version of the tale "Donkeyskin" (by Perrault and also Grimm) and its useful aspects as a media in group therapy for offenders.

Historiquement, si l’on effleure succinctement l’histoire de l’art occidental de ces derniers siècles, il n’y a guère que les romantiques et les surréalistes qui ont clairement consenti à employer un tel vocable. Plus encore, le « merveilleux » était en quelque sorte leur fer-de-lance, l’ingrédient ultime capable d’accompagner et d’accomplir une quête collective, dont la visée constante était d’échapper à l’étroitesse rationaliste. Une étroitesse rationaliste, alors affectée, conspuée et invalidée par un contexte : celui de la modernité pour les uns, celui de la Première Guerre mondiale pour les autres, qui venait tout juste de s’achever. En regard du nombre d’ouvrages et d’expositions qui prennent pourtant pour thème le réenchantement et le merveilleux depuis plus de deux décennies, il est tentant, il est vrai, d’avancer l’hypothèse du contrepoids contextuel. En période de désillusions, le merveilleux composerait une échappatoire honnête, une sorte de compensation élémentaire, permettant de rééquilibrer la balance. Les formes du merveilleux en art actuel permettraient-elles ainsi de réenchanter le monde ? Plus précisément, seraient-elles en mesure de réduire cette césure dissociant l’être et le monde ? Dans une société toute déterminée par la prédominance de la raison, une raison dont on ne saurait plus s’affranchir complètement, dans quels territoires peut encore s’immiscer la merveille ? Quelles formes est-elle susceptible d’arborer ? / Historically, if we briefly review Western art history from the last few centuries, there are almost only the romantics and the surrealists who clearly agreed to use such a term. Moreover, " le merveilleux" was somehow their arrowhead , the ultimate ingredient susceptible to accompany and justify a collective quest, which was constantly referred to in order to do away with rationalistic narrow-mindedness which was then affected, decried and invalidated by the context: modernity for some, and for others, the First World War, which had just come to an end. Regarding the number of books and exhibitions taking on the themes of fantasy and enchantment for over two decades, it is tempting to consider the weight of that context. In a period of disillusionment, fantasy offers an honest escape, a kind of elementary compensation, a redress of the balance. Could renderings of fantasy in contemporary art be an attempt to re-enchant the world? More specifically, might this succeed in reducing the divide between the being and the world? Nowadays, when we live in a society in which reason is the dominant power, from which we can hardly hope to escape, in which territories can fantasy still appear? What form is it likely to take?

Ce travail de thèse se focalise sur l'écrivain anglais John Ronald Reuel Tolkien et sur son oeuvre littéraire. Celle-ci est composée de plusieurs écrits et surtout des romans The Hobbit (1936) et The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955). L'intention que Tolkien avait au début de sa carrière littéraire était la création d'une mythologie pour son pays, l'Angleterre. Cette profonde ambition primaire s'unit à sa passion de jeunesse pour les langages imaginaires et à sa profession de philologue et d’enseignant d ’anglo-saxon à l’université d’Oxford. La Terre du Milieu, le monde que Tolkien dessine pour sa mythologie, devient alors le lieu où ses contes, qu'il définira de contes de fées, se déroulent et où ses langages peuvent se développer. Nous allons démontrer dans ce travail, qui est formé de trois parties, la pertinence de l’oeuvre de Tolkien dans le contexte de la littérature contemporaine et le fait que sa production littéraire implique plusieurs éléments qui relient mythologie, philologie, fantaisie et modernité. Nous nous concentrons sur certains aspects thématiques de la littérature européenne qui ont inspiré la création mythologique par Tolkien. La deuxième partie du travail encadre le point de vue linguistique au sein de l’oeuvre de Tolkien. Finalement, la troisième partie a la fonction de résumer les aspects précédents et d'analyser la théorisation des contes de fées par Tolkien, tout comme il la développe dans son célèbre essai "On Fairy-Stories", pour conclure avec la réception critique que notre auteur a reçue dans le monde moderne et contemporain, et qui lui a aussi permis d’être l’un des auteurs les plus lus et influents du XXe siècle. / This thesis focuses on the English writer John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892-1973), the famous author of The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien’s literary work gathers many writings, stories and two famous novels, such as The Hobbit (1936) and The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955), that achieved a great succes all over the world. At the beginning of his literary career Tolkien aimed at the creation of a mythology to his country, England. This ambition was matched with his juvenile passion of inventing languages and his profession as a philologist and Anglo-Saxon teacher at Oxford University. Middle-earth, Tolkien’s secondary world, becomes the place where his fairy tales occurs and his languages may develop. This work shows how Tolkien’s work fits in the context of contemporary literature and that his production involves many elements collecting mythology, philology, fantasy and modernity.It consists of three parts: in the first part, some of the themes and the mythological sources of Tolkien’s tales are analyzed, in particular the Finnish sources, the Medieval and poetic ones. Thesecond part, the linguistic matters concerning Tolkien's work are taken into consideration and, in particular, the way how languages may create a world and the relation between reality and the perception of such reality, which will inevitably influence the language referred to it.Finally, in the third part, the Fairy element, which is one of the bases of Tolkien’s work is discussed, as well as the reception of our author, both from the critique point of view and the audience one, so as to demonstrate why he may be considered as one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century.