The rapidly spreading pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection with high morbidity and mortality has overwhelmed the global healthcare services. With mysterious origins and the capacity of affecting multiple types of tissues, SARS-CoV-2 has baffled many scientists - which has posed great challenges in the development of pharmaceutical treatments and preventions (i.e., vaccination). The COVID-19 pandemic has also led to a slew of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to slow down the spread of the virus. The sudden imposition of these NPIs including social distancing, lock-down, school closures, isolation, and quarantine of suspected cases or contacts, has greatly affected the mental health of children and adolescents. Concerns about the impact of these NPIs on mental health, especially for vulnerable populations such as children and adolescents, have emerged. This study discusses several different aspects of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents.Accumulating evidence has shown that the vast majority of children and adolescents exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus are asymptomatic, although few cases turned unfortunately severely ill. The genomics, microbiology, and biochemistry of this novel coronavirus reveal several peculiarities, making it a tough entity. The profound impact of social distancing along with the closure of schools, parks, and other recreational activities on the delicate minds of children and adolescents makes them irritable, angry, and rebellious. This assumes a major challenge in children with mental health issues or in those with special needs. Lock-down, quarantine and isolation further complicate the mental health issues and are discussed along with remedial measures. The impact of an already overwhelmed medical care system on the mental healthcare quality can be profound and needs a specially chartered approach by the psychiatrists supplementing the COVID-19 control activities. Children/adolescents with neuropsychiatric issues need special care, as they have abnormal impulsive behaviour and actions such as running away, unhygienic acts, spitting etc. All these mental health issues in children and adolescents, who form a sizable population of the society and are the future of the planet, forms the subject matter of this work. Thus, all programmes of COVID-19 control must simultaneously address these important mental health issues of children and adolescents to prevent this ‘parallel pandemic’ of psychiatric disorders. The latter may persist much longer and prove equally challenging and costly.

This thesis revolves around social dance movements in the form of raving and clubbing in Berlin, and how this performative scene is affected by social distancing measures due to the current situation of Covid-19. As an important moment in history, online body performances and virtual spaces aim to complement and substitute social experiences in physical environments. The field of study relating digital technology to club cultures is timely, as virtual raving is changing social bodies’ interactions. Life has gone online for the sake of upholding socialization, as people find themselves in isolation – in a hybrid experience of the digital and material. To assess these changes in social life, this thesis uses an auto ethnographical case study on virtual raving and interviews with rave participants, and deploys Affordance Theory. The affordances accounted for are those of ‘settings’, ‘socialization’, ‘entertainment’, and ‘mobility’. The analysis demonstrates the possibilities and problems of transferring the meditative and social bodily experiences associated with raving, to virtual environments. The resulting discussion addresses issues of global accessibility, virtual raves, and what these mean for a techno raving sub culture, and the people who participate in it.

BAKGRUND: Black Friday slår årligen svenska försäljningsrekord men under de senaste åren har ett nytt fenomen observerats bland vissa klädföretag. Som en reaktion till den överkonsumtion och hållbarhetsproblematik som shoppinghögtiden för med sig har vissa företag börjat utföra ett aktivt avståndstagande mot Black Friday och andra shoppinghögtider och marknadsför sitt misstycke. Det är av intresse att se hur konsumenter, vilka är de som shoppinghögtider vänder sig till, ställer sig till dessa avståndstaganden och om de rent av kan ändra konsumenternas konsumtionsbeteende. SYFTE: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga konsumentbeteendet kopplat till klädföretag som aktivt tar avstånd från shoppinghögtider som Black Friday genom uttalanden, försvårande av konsumtion eller annan sorts marknadsföring. Detta för att konstatera vilka effekter denna typ av avståndstagande kan ha på svenska konsumenter, deras köpbeteende och inställning till både konsumtion och företaget. GENOMFÖRANDE: En enkätundersökning har använts för att samla in data till studien och resulterade i svar från 245 respondenter. Statistiska samband mellan den beroende variabeln “Konsumtionsbeteende kopplat till grönt avståndstagande” och sju oberoende variabler har undersökts genom en multipel regressionsanalys. SLUTSATS: Studiens resultat menar på att en konsument som redan innan den stöter på ett grönt avståndstagande från ett företag ställer sig positivt till fenomenet, har en tidigare positiv inställning till både hållbar konsumtion och hållbar affärsutveckling samt litar på den hållbarhetsinformation hon blir marknadsförd uppvisar den största möjligheten att ändra sitt köpbeteende och börja konsumera mer av det avståndstagande företagets varor. / BACKGROUND: Black Friday hits new Swedish sales records every year but in the last years a new phenomenon has been observed among some clothing companies. In response to the overconsumption and sustainability problems that the shopping holiday brings with it, some companies have begun to actively distance themselves from Black Friday and other shopping holidays and market their displeasure. It is of interest to see how consumers, who are the target group of shopping holidays, react to these distancings and whether they can ultimately change the consumer behavior of consumers. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to map consumer behavior associated with clothing companies that actively distance themselves from shopping holidays such as Black Friday through statements, consumption hinderance or other types of marketing. This is to ascertain which effects this type of distancing can have on Swedish consumers, their consumption behavior and attitudes towards both consumption and the distancing company. IMPLEMENTATION: A survey was used to collect data for the study and resulted in responses from 245 respondents. Statistical relationships between the dependent variable “Consumption behavior linked to green distancing” and seven independent variables have been examined through a multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION: The results of the study point to the fact that a consumer who, even before experiencing the green distancing from a company, already supports the phenomenon, has a previously positive attitude to both sustainable consumption and sustainable business development, and trusts sustainability information he or she is marketed shows the strongest possibility to change his or her buying behavior and start consuming more of the distancing company’s products.

This study is a qualitative study on professionals' thoughts and experiences about autism in the wake of covid-19. To investigate this, three people who are professional psychologists in different fields with experience on people with autism participated through individual interviews via Zoom of between 25 to 55 minutes.         The results of the study are based on the material from these interviews that were reworked from audio file to transcription, which in turn was analyzed with thematic analysis carried out in a six-step process. The thematic analysis resulted in five themes: introverted/extrovert human autism, need for clarity when unclear, reduced risk of being identified as odd – the digital rescue, support and actions and  post-pandemic response and evaluation.          Conclusions that can be drawn from the results of the study are that as a result of the restrictions on social distance, people with autism and neurotypical people suffer approximately equally based on whether the person is socially interested or not. People with autism during the covid-19 pandemic may have gotten it in part better, those who previously asked for distance learning or opportunities to work remotely from their own home have now been given the opportunity. It is important that people with autism receive the support they need during the pandemic from, for example, school health teams. After the pandemic, evaluations of what worked and not during the pandemic for people with autism need to be carried out. / Föreliggande undersökning är en kvalitativ studie om professionellas tankar och erfarenheter om autism i spåren av covid-19. För att undersöka detta deltog tre personer som är yrkesverksamma psykologer inom olika områden med erfarenhet om personer med autism genom enskilda intervjuer via Zoom på  mellan 25 till 55 minuter.     Resultatet i studien är grundat på materialet från dessa intervjuer som bearbetades om från ljudfil till transkribering som i sin tur analyserades med tematisk analys som genomförs i en sexstegsprocess. Den tematiska analysen resulterade i fem teman: den introverta/extroverta mänskliga autismen, behov av tydlighet när det är otydligt, minskad riska att bli utpekad som udda – den digitala räddningen, stöd och insatser och utvärdering efter pandemin.     Slutsatser som är möjliga att dra utifrån studiens resultat är att till följd av restriktionerna om social distansering drabbas personer med autism och neurotypiska personer ungefär likvärdigt utifrån om personen är socialt intresserad eller ej. Personer med autism under pandemin med covid-19 kan ha fått det delvis bättre, dom som tidigare efterfrågat distansstudier eller möjligheter att få arbeta på distans från det egna hemmet nu har getts möjligheten. Det är viktigt att personerna med autism får det stöd de behöver under pandemin från till exempel skolhälsoteam. Efter pandemin behöver det ske utvärderingar om vad som fungerat och inte under pandemin för personer med autism.

The aim of this study is to investigate how older adults were affected by the COVID-19 restrictions that were put in place by the Swedish Health Authority during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to protect them and the roles played by social workers during the pandemic. A qualitative study was conducted whereby two older adults aged seventy and two practising professional workers were interviewed, and their responses analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that one of the older adults felt isolated, while the other did not have the same experience. The social workers on the other hand felt that they were responsible for the lives of their clients as well as that of their staff.

El presente proyecto nace con el objetivo de solucionar las necesidades de las personas que utilizan la bicicleta como medio de transporte eco amigable y que realizan recorridos cortos o a distancia, con el desarrollo de un negocio viable y escalable. De esta manera, surge Bici Partners, enfocado en brindar un servicio de reparación, mantenimiento y auxilio de bicicletas en Lima Centro, donde se identificó el mayor tránsito de bicicletas y proyectos de futuras ciclovías. Asimismo, se identificó como mercado objetivo hombres y mujeres de 18 a 39 años, de N.S.E A, B Y C, que realicen trayectos en bicicleta por los distritos pertenecientes a este sector. Debido a lo mencionado, consideramos que el desarrollo de un servicio apoyado por las distintas herramientas digitales como la página web y un aplicativo móvil, logrará introducirse al mercado de manera óptima, con un servicio diferenciado e innovador, con el que el usuario podrá continuar con sus recorridos y contar con la seguridad de que existe alguien a quien solicitar ayuda en donde se encuentre y al instante. Cabe mencionar, que se realizó la validación de Bici Partners con diversos métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos de investigación, que confirman la existencia de un mercado objetivo que cubrir, como también, el potencial de crecimiento del sector, en el que se podrá desarrollar un plan de expansión con la ayuda de alianzas clave del mercado. / The present project was created with the aim of solving the need of people who use the bicycle as a means of eco-friendly transportation for short or long distance journeys, by developing a viable and scalable business idea. Thereby, Bici Partners emerged, focused on providing repair, maintenance and road assistance services for bicycles users in Lima Centro, area where most of bicycles transit and bicycle lanes projects were identified. Additionally, our target market was identified as men and women, between ages 18 to 39, from socio - economic levels A, B & C, whose bicycle routes are across Lima Centro’s districts. Due to the aforementioned, we consider that developing services supported by digital tools such as a website and application, will allow an optimal market entry, with differentiated an innovative services, by which the user will be able to continue with their journey and feel confident by knowing there is someone they can call for help, anywhere at any time. Further noted, the validation phase for Bici Partners was carried out through different qualitative and quantitative methods, which confirm the existence of a target market to cover, as well as, the growth potential of the sector, where an expansion plan can be developed with the help of key market alliances. / Trabajo de investigación

The purpose of this work is to review how households and individuals have adapted to today's pandemic by seeing how the everyday elements that exist have changed and where movement patterns have been re-evaluated and converted into a new form of patterns. Issues that will be highlighted are: - How has the movement pattern for the household changed from a “normal everyday” life to Covid-19? - How have households adapted to conflicts over the distribution of household space? - How has the individual adapted to the new everyday life? The essay will be based on an in-depth study of households everyday lives. Where a time-geographical approach will form the basis for the theory of work. This work will be based on three parts. The primary data will consist of time diaries and semi-structured interviews. Secondary data in the form of literature will also build up a background understanding. A description of individuals' movement patterns from the time diary will shed light on different results and a deeper understanding will be gained from the interviews that are presented. Individuals 'and households' everyday lives have changed drastically since Covid-19 started, where adaptations are a big part of how individuals design their new movement patterns in their new everyday life.

I mars 2020 klassades Covid-19 som en pandemi och kan liknas en kris vilket medförde att flera företag fått ändra om sina arbetssätt för att kunna förhålla sig till restriktionerna. Revisionsyrket har likt många andra verksamheter drabbats av distansering där fysisk kontakt med kollegor och kunder begränsats. Detta har gjort att revisorn har behövt hitta alternativa sätt för att genomföra arbetet. De nya omständigheterna innebär att det krävs mer forskning inom ämnet för att se hur det påverkar revisorns arbete, då tidigare kriser har visat sig ha en påverkan på revisionskvaliteten. Det förändrade arbetssättet förväntas även delvis fortsätta framgent vilket gör studien aktuell.  Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur revisorns arbete har påverkats under distanseringen och hur det har påverkat revisionskvaliteten. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi där sammanlagt tio respondenter deltog genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Samtliga respondenter har varit verksamma inom revisionsyrket i minst två år från det att Covid-19 klassades som en pandemi, vilket gjorde att de hade erfarenhet av såväl arbete på distans som på arbetsplatsen.  Studiens resultat indikerar att distanseringen har påverkat revisorns arbete, vilket har påverkat revisorns tillstånd av komfort som i sin tur har en inverkan på revisionskvaliteten. Revisorn har behövt använda alternativa sätt vid insamling av revisionsbevis vilket har varit extra kännbart vid lagerinventering. Distanseringen har påverkat kommunikationen med kollegor och kunder vilket har försvårat kunskapsutbytet och förståelsen av det reviderade bolaget. Samtidigt har distanseringen effektiviserat arbetet och gjort det mer flexibelt där nya möjligheter skapats. För att möjliggöra arbetet under distanseringen har digitala lösningar använts i större utsträckning av både revisorerna och kunderna. Fortsättningsvis kommer revisorerna kombinera distansarbete, arbete på kontor och ute hos kund eftersom studien indikerar på att fysiska möten är av betydelse. / In March 2020, Covid-19 was classified as a pandemic and can be likened to a crisis, which meant that several companies have changed their working methods to be able to relate to the restrictions. The auditing profession, like many other businesses, has been affected by distancing where physical contact with colleagues and customers has been limited. This has meant that the auditor had to find alternative ways of carrying out the work. The new circumstances mean that more research is needed in the subject to see how it affects the auditor's work as previous crises have been shown to have an impact on the audit quality. The changed way of working, which is partly expected to continue in the future, makes this study relevant. The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of how the auditor's work has been affected during the distancing and how it has affected the audit quality. The study is based on a qualitative research strategy and a total of ten respondents participated through semi-structured interviews. All respondents have been active in the auditing profession for at least two years since covid-19 was classified as a pandemic, which meant that the auditors had experience of both working from home and at the workplace.  The results of the study indicate that the distancing has affected the auditor's work, which has affected the auditor's state of comfort, which in turn has an impact on the audit quality. The auditor has had to use alternative methods when collecting audit evidence, which has been particularly noticeable during the inventory. The distancing has affected communication with colleagues and customers, which has made it difficult to exchange knowledge and understand the audited company. The distancing has at the same time streamlined the work and made it more flexible where new opportunities have been created. To enable the work during the distancing, digital solutions have been used to a greater extent by both the auditors and the customers. The auditors will continue to combine homeworking, office work and out at the client's because the study indicates that physical meetings are important.

Bakgrund: Under Covid-19 pandemin uppmanades äldre att avhålla sig från sociala kontakter i den mån det var möjligt, då de ansågs tillhöra en särskilt utsatt riskgrupp för viruset som spred sig över hela världen. Många äldre upplevde ensamhet redan innan pandemin vilket påverkade deras hälsa på olika sätt. Syfte: Syftet var att utforska äldre människors upplevelse av social isolering under Covid- 19 pandemin.  Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie där vetenskapliga artiklar söktes i databaserna Cinahl, Pubmed och Psykinfo. 12 artiklar med både kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod valdes ut. Artiklarnas resultat sammanställdes med hjälp av en tematisk syntes. Resultat: Resultatet påvisar att äldre människor påverkats av att inte träffa vänner och familj och att inte kunna gå på dagliga aktiviteter. Vardagen blev mer begränsad av den sociala distanseringen under Covid-19 pandemin. En del äldre upplevde en ökad känsla av ensamhet, oro, stress och även ålderism. En annan bild speglar sig i resultatet där äldre upplevde den nya vardagen som en chans till återhämtning, tid till reflektion och återuppta kontakt med vänner från förr.  Slutsats: Människor har olika förutsättningar att hantera en förändrad vardag, beroende på vilket nätverk man har omkring sig och på den upplevda känslan av sammanhang. Studien belyser vikten av att nå ut till alla människor, göra äldre människor mer delaktiga i det sociala rummet för att på så sätt uppnå högre välbefinnande hos den äldre befolkningen.

Inledning: Smittspridningen av ett nytt virus bekräftades i slutet av 2019 och den 11 mars 2020 klassificerade Wolds Health Organisation Covid-19 som en pandemi över hela världen. Studenters utbildningsinstitutioner tvingades då att övergå till distansundervisning vilket  medförde krav för utbildningssektorer att fortsätta utbildningen för studenter samtidigt regler för social distansering och distansutbildning skulle följas. Syfte: Undersöka hur universitetsstudenter upplevde omställningen till den påtvingade distansutbildning orsakad av viruset Covid-19. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och insamlad data analyserades utifrån en riktad kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Motivation, hälsa och digitalt lärande var de faktorer som påverkade studenternas hälsa och motivation till att genomföra studierna. Slutsats: Den påtvingade distansundervisningen för universitetsstudenterna i denna studie ledde till minskad socialisering med andra vilket påverkade den upplevda psykiska hälsan negativt, likaså motivationen att genomföra studierna. / Background: The spread of a new virus was confirmed at the end of 2019 and on March 11th of 2020 the World's Health Organization classified Covid-19 as a worldwide pandemic. Students' educational institutions have then been forced to switch to distance education, which has led to requirements for education sectors to continue the education for students while following the rules for social distancing and distance education. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how university students experienced the transition to the forced distance education caused by the Covid-19 virus. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the collected data were analyzed on the basis of a targeted qualitative content analysis. Results: Motivation, health and digital learning were the factors that influenced the students' health and motivation to complete their studies. Conclusion: The forced distance education for university students in this study led to reduced socialization with others, which had a negative effect on perceived mental health, as did the motivation to complete their studies.