Background: The care for the older adults is facing major challenges with the growing proportion of older people. This entails a need to find new ways to cope with the tasks of elderly care, and digitalization is seen as part of the solution. In order to succeed with digitalizing, the first-line managers in elderly care needs knowledge of change management and digitalization. That knowledge needs to be obtained via educational efforts. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the experiences of first-line managers within elderly care after they recieved training in change management and digitalization. The aim was further to examine their perspectives on the influencing factors when it comes to leading change management in digitalization. Method: The method was a qualitative interview study with an inductive research approach and the sample consisted of first-line managers within elderly care in a medium-sized Swedish municipality. Semi-structured interviews were conducted which were analyzed by qualitative inductive content analysis.  Results: Four main categories emerged; perspectives on implemented educational efforts; identified potential, barriers and needs in change management and digitalization; responsibilities and roles in change management and digitalization; and perspectives on care users when using health and welfare technology. Potential and barriers included assent from management, cooperation between colleagues, influence of the first-line managers' level of interest, resources, goals and strategies. It also included prioritization of daily operations, employee needs, resistance and information about purpose, implementation process and technology. In order for the first-line managers in elderly care to achieve the expected benefit with training on change management and digitalization, the expectations needs to be well defined. Conclusion: Educational efforts in change management and digitalization alone are not enough to achieve a successful implementation of health and welfare technology in municipal care for the elderly. Digitalization is an ongoing process of changes and the first-line managers can-not do it by themselves. The preferred practice is to be able to create the conditions for interested employees to drive the work of digitalization within their respective operation.

Samhället använder media alltmer idag jämfört med förr och nyhetspubliken matas dagligen av information från olika tidningsartiklar. Äldreomsorg är ett aktuellt ämne i svenska tidningar, både sett till finansiering, personalfrågor och åldrande befolkning med ökade behov av vård och omsorg. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur media framställer två utvalda problemområden, personalbrist och bristande språkkunskaper, inom äldreomsorgen och hur denna framställan kan påverka samhällets inställning till äldreomsorg. Med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys har totalt 19 tidningsartiklar från Aftonbladet och Expressen analyserats för att besvara studiens syfte och forskningsfrågor. Av analysen framkommer det att media har en negativ framställan om äldreomsorg och det har gått att urskilja fyra olika framställningar om varje problemområde från tidningarna. Analysen visar även att den negativa bevakningen av äldreomsorg kan påverka nyhetspublikens åsikter och inställning till äldreomsorg. Personalens dåliga arbetsvillkor på arbetsplatsen har varit dominerande genom tidningsartiklarna, kopplat till dåliga löner och låg status. Studien redogör även för betydelsen av hur media väljer att framställa olika ämnen, genom lockande rubriker och att endast vissa aspekter av ett ämne lyfts fram. Åldrande befolkning har visat sig vara en befintlig och kommande utmaning inom äldreomsorgen och medias framställan om äldreomsorg kan påverka undersköterskor och socionomers yrkesval. Därmed kan medias negativa framställan om äldreomsorg bidra till ökad personalbrist, vilket blir problematiskt när landet står inför en åldrande befolkning och behovet av undersköterskor och socionomer förväntas öka. / The society use media more and more today compared to the past and the news audience is daily fed by information from different newspapers. Elderly care is a current topic in Swedish newspapers, both in terms of financing, staff issues and an aging society with increased need for care and nursing. The purpose of the study is to examine how media present two selected problem areas, staff shortages and lack of linguistics, in elderly care and how this presentation can influence the news audience’s attitude to elderly care. With a qualitative content analysis, a total of 19 newspaper articles from Aftonbladet and Expressen have been analysed to answer the study’s purpose. The analysis shows that media has a negative presentation about elderly care, and it has been possible to distinguish four different presentations about each problem area from the newspapers. The analysis also shows that the negative coverage of elderly care affects the news audience’s opinions and attitude towards elderly care. The poor working conditions of the staff at their workplace has been dominant through the newspaper articles, connected to low wages and low status. The study also explains the importance of how media chooses to present different topics, through appealing headlines and only certain aspects of a topic is highlighted. The aging population is an existing and a future challenge in elderly care and media’s presentation about elderly care can affect assistant nurses and social worker’s choice of career. For that reason, can medias negative presentations about elderly care contribute to an increased staff shortage, which will be problematic when the country is facing an aging society and the need of assistant nurses and social workers are expected to increase.

Care work is not a new subject for feminist research. However, it is still important to study because of the persistent social devaluation of care workers. Financial cutbacks, the intensification of work and the general insecurity of the labour market have meant additional challenges for women, who make up the overwhelming majority of those who perform this type of work. Nowadays, women continue to be over-represented in caring and “emotional” work. In this thesis, I focus on home care work as a particular form of care work and aim to analyse care workers’ emotional management and perceptions of their current work situation. The thesis is based on a qualitative study through interviews with night-time home care workers. Building on the theory of “emotional labour” as presented by Arlie Russel Hochschild (1983) in The Managed Heart, this paper argues that working at night poses additional emotional challenges to an already affected workforce. In a time of prominent challenges in Swedish healthcare, care workers must adapt to new ways of dealing with emotions.

I Sverige pågår en förändring av pensionssystemet där pensionsåldern fortsatt förväntas att höjas. Samtidigt har demografiska förändringar med en åldrande befolkning medfört en ökad arbetsbelastning på vård och omsorgssektorn, inte minst äldrevården. Detta har skapat ett växande behov av att bibehålla äldre arbetskraft och värna om kompetensförsörjningen inom yrket. För att möta denna omställning behöver personalchefer inom vård och omsorgssektorn använda HRM- praxis som ett led i att arbeta hållbart och nå ett förlängt arbetsliv, för äldre arbetskraft. Studien har haft för avsikt att undersöka vård och äldreomsorgens personalfunktion och linjechefers (personalchefers) perspektiv på hållbart arbete, genom att söka svar på forskningsfrågorna: 1.) Vilka perspektiv har personalchefer på möjligheter och utmaningar gällande demografiska förändringar i åldrandet, samt på ett förlängt arbetsliv? 2.) Vilka perspektiv har personalchefer angående arbetet med policy och HRM-praxis, för att hantera bristen på mänskliga resurser, samt för att bevara betydelsefull kompetens och äldre arbetskraft inom vård och omsorgssektorn? Data från nio respondenter med personalansvar utgjorda av semistrukturerade intervjuer, analyserades genom tematisk analys. Resultatet visade i korthet att personalchefer beskrev utmaningar med en växande äldre befolkningsandel och med förhöjd pensionsålder. Samtidigt framhölls möjligheten att nyttja äldre arbetskraft längre i yrkeslivet. Vidare beskrevs brister i användandet av HRM-praxis, där individ/ålderspecifika HRM-praxis uttrycktes vara extra utmanande. Dock påtalades att vissa delar av HRM-praxis hade nyttjats, så som att tillmötesgå äldre medarbetare med fysiska hjälpmedel, samt viss kompetensutveckling och möjlighet att reducera tjänstegrad. Samtidigt framkom utmaningar med kompetensförsörjning, psykosociala hjälpmedel och möjligheter till bilateralt nyttjande att arbetskraft. Även om dessa fynd inte går att generalisera kan resultatet innebära viktiga insikter för såväl användandet av HRM-praxis inom vård och äldre omsorgen samt vidare forskning. / In Sweden, a change is taking place in the pension system where the retirement age is still expected raise. At the same time, demographic changes with an aging population have led to an increased workload in the health- and welfare sector, especially within elderly care. This has created a growing need to retain older workers and safeguard the supply of skills in the profession. To meet this change, HR managers in the health care sector need to use HRM practice, as part of working sustainably and achieving an extended working life for older workers. This study aimed to examine the line managers (HR managers) perspectives on sustainable work within the elderly care sector, by seeking answers to research questions: 1.) What perspectives do HR managers have on opportunities and challenges regarding demographic changes in aging, and on extended working life? 2.) What are the perspectives of HR managers regarding the work with policy and HRM practice, to deal with the lack of human resources, and to preserve significant skills and older workforce in the health care sector? Data from nine respondents with personnel responsibilities, consisting of semi-structured interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis. The results showed in short that HR managers described challenges with a growing older population and with an increased retirement age. Nevertheless, the possibility of using older labor longer in working life was emphasized. Furthermore, shortcomings in the use of HRM practices were described, where individual / age-specific HRM practices were expressed to be extra challenging. However, it was pointed out that certain parts of HRM practice had been used, such as accommodating older employees with physical aids, as well as some competence development, and the opportunity to reduce the degree of working hours. At the same time, challenges arose with the supply of skills, psychosocial aids and opportunities for bilateral use of labor. Although these findings cannot be generalized, the results may provide important insights for both the use of HRM practice in care and elderly care as well as further research.

The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences and perspectives of need assessors working with mental illness in older adults. This will be studied to gain a deeper understanding of their work with mental illness in older adults and how they work to promote mental health amongst older adults. A qualitative interview study with six needs assessors was completed to fulfill the purpose of the study, and were later analyzed using thematic analysis. The study’s collected data were furthermore analyzed using two theoretical tools:human service organizations as well as ageism. The results of this study conclude that needs assessors experience their work with mental illness in older adults as indirect due to a lack of elaborate working methods to meet the needs of older adults with mental illness. The study’s results also show that needs assessors perceive mental illness in older adults as a sensitive topic to work with. Additionally, this study highlights that needs assessors feel restricted in their work to promote mental health in older adults as a result of organizational prerequisites in elderly care.

Våld i nära relationer klassas som ett folkhälsoproblem och studier visar att arbetsplatsen kan ha en viktig funktion att hjälpa och stötta våldsutsatta personer (Charlott, Cleroux, Lopez & Scott, 2021; Holmgren & Grünbaum, 2021, s. 45; Strand, 2022, s. 51). Mäns våld mot kvinnor, våld i nära relationer och hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck innebär att våldet utövas av en person som finns i den utsatta personens närhet. Kvinnor är i högre grad utsatta för våld än män. Inom vård- och omsorgsverksamheten är cirka 80 procent av de anställda kvinnor (Strand, 2020, ss. 27-28; Hydén, Överlien, Ericson, Wiman & Grönberg Eskel, 2016, s. 3; SKR, 2016). Att vara utsatt för våld i nära relationer kan ha negativ inverkan på arbetsförmågan (Skoog Waller, 2022). Jämställdhetsmyndigheten (2022) uppmanar arbetsgivare att arbeta aktivt med att identifiera och förebygga våld i nära relationer hos medarbetare. Arbetsplatsen kan agera som en fristad för personer som är utsatta för våld i nära relationer vilket belyser arbetsplatsens viktiga funktion (Katula, 2012). Därav är det intressant att undersöka hur första linjens chefer inom den kommunala vård- och omsorgen arbetar med våld i nära relationer. Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om hur första linjens chefer inom kommunal vård- och omsorg arbetar med våld i nära relationer om medarbetaren är utsatt för våld. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod och urvalet bestod av tio första linjens chefer inom kommunal vård- och omsorgsverksamhet från nio olika kommuner i Sverige. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och en kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att bearbeta texten. Utifrån studiens syfte att öka kunskapen om hur första linjens chefer arbetar samt vilka faktorer som kan påverkar första linjens chefers arbetssätt om medarbetare är utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Detta för att kunna ge stöd åt medarbetare som är utsatta för våld. Då det är arbetssätt som ska studeras förefaller det sig lämpligt att tolka innehållet i intervjuerna med hjälp av begreppen Förstå, Vilja och Kunna från Lundquist (1992, ss. 75-77) implementeringsteori. Dessa tre begrepp är en förutsättning för att införa arbetssätt därför har dessa begrepp använts som tolkningsstöd i analysarbetet. I resultatet visade det sig att ledarskapsstilen har betydelse i mötet med personer som är utsatt eller har varit utsatta för hot och våld i nära relationer. Ytterligare framkom att nio av tio chefer saknar rutiner kring stöd för medarbetare som är utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Några faktorer som framkom i studien var en rädsla för att fråga om våld i nära relationer, kunskapsbrist samt otillräckliga resurser. En annan faktor som framkom var att samtliga deltagare visar både på vilja och engagemang att lyfta frågeställningar om hot och våld i nära relationer i samtal med medarbetare. Resultatet visar att cheferna upplevde en kunskaps- och resursbrist inom verksamheterna kring frågan om våld i nära relationer. Studiens resultat indikerar att det finns förbättringsmöjligheter och att denna frågan borde vara högre prioriterad inom den kommunala vård- och omsorgen. / Domestic violence is classified as a public health problem, and studies show that the workplace can have an important function in helping and support people exposed to violence (Holmgren & Grünbaum, 2021, p. 45; Strand, 2022, p. 51; Charlott, Cleroux, Lopez & Scott , 2021). Men's violence against women and domestic violence means that the violence is perpetrated by a person who is in the victim's vicinity. Women are more exposed to violence than men. Health care is abusiness where approximately 80 percent of the employees are women (Strand, 2020, pp. 27-28; Hydén, Överlien, Ericson, Wiman & Grönberg Eskel, 2016, pp. 3; SKR, 2016). Being exposed to domestic violence can have a negative impact on the ability to work (Skoog Waller, 2022). Jämställdhetsmyndigheten (2022) calls on employers to work actively to identify and prevent domestic violence among employees. The workplace can act as a haven for people exposed to domestic violence, highlighting the important function of the workplace (Katula, 2012). Hence, it is interesting to examine how first-line managers in municipal health and social care work with domestic violence. The purpose of the study is to increase knowledge about how first-line managers in municipal health and care work with domestic violence if the employee is exposed to violence. The study was carried out using a qualitative method, and the sample consisted of ten first-line managers in municipal care and social care operations from nine different municipalities in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and a qualitative content analysis was used to process the text. Based on the purpose of the study to increase knowledge about how first-line managers work and which factors can affect the way first-line managers work if employees are exposed to domestic violence. This is to be able to provide support to employees who are exposed to violence. Since it is working methods that are to be studied, it seems appropriate to interpret the content of the interviews using the concepts of Understanding, Willing and Knowing from Lundquist's (1992, pp. 75-77) implementation theory. These three concepts are a prerequisite for introducing working methods since the purpose of the study is to investigate the working methods of first-line managers. These concepts were used as interpretation support in the analysis work. The results showed that the leadership style is important in meeting with people who are exposed or have been exposed to threats and domestic violence. Furthermore, it emerged that nine out of ten managers lack routines regarding support for employees who are exposed to domestic violence. Some factors that appeared in the study were a fear of asking about domestic violence, a lack of knowledge, and insufficient resources. Another factor that appeared was that all participants have both a willingness and commitment to raise questions about threats and domestic violence in conversations with employees. The results show that the managers experienced a lack of knowledge and resources within the operations regarding the issue of domestic violence. The results of the study indicate that there are opportunities for improvement and that this issue should be a higher priority within the municipal health and care system.

Research shows an increase in alcohol consumption among older generations, leading to a rise in alcohol-related issues within this age group. In spite of this, there is a lack of knowledge and national guidelines regarding alcohol abuse among the elderly, resulting in complex work for social welfare officers and home care personnel who must balance the statutory self-determination rights of care recipients with a reasonable standard of living. Through 10 conducted interviews, this study aims to find out how social welfare officers and home care personnel work with alcohol abuse among elderly individuals. The data collected has been analyzed through thematic analysis, aiming to find answers on how professionals describe the work with alcohol abuse among the elderly, as well as how they balance self-determination with a reasonable standard of living. The study's result shows the complexity of working with alcohol abuse among the elderly, the lack of guidelines and policies, as well as the challenges it poses for professionals in their daily work.

日本の介護サービス組織における連携が組織の有効性（介護職の職務満足や職場継続意思、また介護サービス組織のケアの質の管理や効率性）に与える影響を探索し、施設と訪問介護の組織構造が連携や有効性に与える影響、および組織連携と有効性の関係に対する組織構造の調整効果を検証した。その結果、連携は効率性の一部を除いて組織の有効性を高めること、また組織構造は連携と有効性に対して、個別に影響を与えることが明らかになった。 / 博士(技術・革新的経営) / Doctor of Philosophy in Technology and Innovative Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

I mitt examensarbete har jag undersökt min prekära situation som konsthantverkare och hemtjänstpersonal. Arbetet innehåller reflektioner från den prekära situation det innebär att arbeta i hemtjänsten och att vara brukare. Jag belyser mina medvetna och omedvetna översättningsprocesser från hemtjänsten till mitt konsthantverkskap. Arbetsprocessen i verkstaden binds ihop med prekariatets mindre synliga delar. Identitet, tillhörighet och gemenskap.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolina_parente_andrade.pdf: 934111 bytes, checksum: eb9161cada6c809e3a9d888debf5f857 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-26 / The elderly now occupies 11.3% of the brazilian population and it has afforded the society for being increasingly dealing with issues related to aging. Knowing that the population aging, but not try to understand how this happens does not prepare for this aging society The objective of this research was to investigate the concept of health from the perspective of the elderly. Specifically it sought to analyze: how they perceive their own health, the strategies to keep it and what factors can affect it. It was conducted with 12 individuals from both sexes, aged between 62 and 81 years of middle and upper social classes. After a content analysis can be seen that they answered to an interview consisting of questions related to the purposes of research and its socio-demographic data. It´s possible to be see: the great importance given to health, expanding the traditional concept of this term as absence of disease; they adopt many strategies to keep it;. Concerns about family appeared as the main factors that affect their health. It can be concluded that, in general, they perceived themselves as having good health. / Os idosos já ocupam 11,3% da população brasileira e isto tem propiciado que a sociedade esteja, cada vez mais, lidando com as questões relacionadas ao envelhecimento. Saber que a população envelhece, mas não procurar entender como isso acontece não prepara a sociedade para este envelhecimento. Deste modo, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi investigar o conceito de saúde, na perspectiva de idosos. Especificamente pretendeu-se analisar: como percebem sua própria saúde, as estratégias para mantê-la e que fatores podem afetá-la. Foi realizada com 12 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária entre 62 e 81 anos, de camadas média e alta. Eles responderam a uma entrevista composta de questões relacionadas aos objetivos da investigação e os dados sócio-demográficos. Depois de uma analise de conteúdo das entrevistas pode-se constatar que deram grande importância à saúde, ampliando o conceito tradicional deste termo como ausência de doença; e que adotam várias estratégias para mantê-la; as preocupações com familiares apareceram como os principais fatores que afetam sua saúde. Conclui-se que, de maneira geral, eles se perceberam como possuidores de boa saúde.