Att arbeta som första linjens chef innebär ett komplext uppdrag där arbetsuppgifterna består av ansvar för personal, budget och arbetsmiljö. I arbetet befinner sig första linjens chefer i en mellanposition där de behöver ta hänsyn till att politiska riktlinjer följs och finnas tillgängliga för medarbetare och kunder. Syftet med studien är att undersöka första linjens chefers psykosociala arbetsmiljö i äldreomsorgen. Studien bygger på kvalitativ metod. Metoden som vi använde oss av var nio semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter är Rubenowitz modell av psykosocial arbetsmiljö och Karasek och Theorell modell om krav, kontroll och stöd. Resultatets teman är första linjens chef, psykosocial arbetsmiljö, handlingsutrymme samt socialt stöd och meningsfullhet. Temat psykosocial arbetsmiljö har en underrubrik som heter covid-19. Vi har kommit fram till att studiens resultat visar på att respondenterna delar samma uppfattning om att det är viktigt med en god psykosocial arbetsmiljö. / Working as a first-line manager implicates a complex mission where the tasks consist of responsibility for staff, budget and working environment. In their work, first-line managers are in an intermediate position where they need to consider that political guidelines are followed and are available to employees and customers. The purpose of the study is to investigate the psychosocial work environment of first-line managers in elderly care. The study is based on a qualitative method. The method we used was nine semi-structured interviews. The study's theoretical starting points are Rubenowitz's model of psychosocial work environment and Karasek and Theorell's model of requirements, control and support. The themes of the result are first-line manager, psychosocial work environment, margin of action and social support and meaningfulness. The theme psyhosocial work enviroment has a subheading named covid-19. We have concluded the results of the study show that the respondents share the same view; that it is important to have a good psychosocial work environment.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och öka kunskapen om arbetsrelaterad stress hos biståndshandläggare inom äldreomsorgen. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sex anställda har ett antal frågeställningar besvarats. Dessa handlar om stressens orsaker, hur stressen påverkar biståndshandläggarnas välmående och arbetskvalitet, hur stressen hanteras och vilka faktorer biståndshandläggarna anser kan reducera den upplevda stressen. Intervjumaterialet har sedan analyserats utifrån tidigare forskning kopplat till stress hos socialarbetare samt två teoretiska verktyg: krav-kontrollmodellen och copingteorin. Resultat visar på att orsaker till stress handlar om faktorer så som en okontrollerbar ärendemängd och brist på stöd från ledning. Biståndshandläggarnas hälsa påverkas på olika sätt, både psykiskt, fysiskt och kognitivt. Vidare påverkas arbetskvaliteten genom att detaljer lättare missas. Respondenternas stresshantering kännetecknas av både positiva och negativa strategier. Det kan handla om att öka strukturen, sänka de personliga kraven, arbeta övertid eller att inte söka stöd. Respondenternas egna idéer om stressreducerande faktorer visade sig handla om stöd på arbetsplatsen och att arbeta i en resursstark organisation. Vidare framkom det att respondenter kan uppleva stress som något positivt då den kombineras med en hög kontrollnivå. / The aim of this study was to examine and increase the knowledge about work related stress among social service workers within elderly care. Through qualitative interviewes with six employees, a number of questions have been answered. These are about the causes of stress, how the stress affects the employees health and quality of work, how stress is managed and which factors they believe can reduce stress. The material has been analyzed on the basis of earlier research linked to stress among social workers together with two theoretical tools: the demand-control model and the coping theory. Results show that causes of stress are factors such as lack of control in work cases and a lack of support from the management. The employees health is affected by stress in various ways, both mentally, physically and cognitively. Furthermore, the quality of work is affected by details being more easily missed. The respondents’ stress management is characterized by both positive and negative strategies. It can be about increasing the work structure, lowering personal demands, working overtime and not seeking support. The respondents’ own ideas about stress reducing factors turned out to be about support within the work place and to work in a resourceful organisation. Results also show that respondents may experience stress as something positive when it is combined with a high level of control.

This paper deals with the relationships between family members in a later stage of the family life-cycle, parents have lost their full self-sufficiency. Adult children support their parents, interaction is frequent and this situation often leads to relocation. The basic question of this study is how these circumstances affects a relations between family members and especially intergenerational relationships between adult children and their parents. The paper is mainly based on the concept of ambivalence and the model of intergenerational solidarity. The research conducted in Czech Republic is a further important background. Data from the research titled "Family Cohesion in the Elderly Care" are analyzed. This research is implemented under the guidance of Prof. PhDr.Hynek Jerabek, CSc. and has a qualitative and quantitative part. Author uses the concepts such as conflict, ambivalence and affectual solidarity to describe intergenerational relationships. The conclusion is that intergenerational relationships in families are characterized by a very strong emotional bond, although high degree of conflict and negative emotion also appeared.

The aging population is growing and as more elderly need nursing the demand on elderly care is increasing. There is a risk of not having enough staff in an industry that already lacks educated staff. Many of the employees also complain that they are stressed out. This has led to an increasing number of gadgets and tools used within elderly care but not without problems. The technologies have been criticized for being designed to fit the need of the people in control rather than the elderly and the caregivers. This thesis has mapped the situation within todays elderly care and provided a solution to those needs and problems found. The focus has been to make a design that is fit for the elderly and the caregivers. The project has been made with a human centered design approach by letting elderly and caregivers participate in the process. A keystone has been to make the solution emit a sense of coherence for the elderly. The result is a radar unit which scans for blood pressure, respiration, pulse, and falls. The radar can be complimented with a camera to provide even more security. The achieved result can bring a sense of coherence for the elderly but needs to be further tested in order to prove it. This work can be used for future studies.

La idea de negocio que se propone en el presente trabajo consiste en la creación de un aplicativo móvil y página web la cual tendrá el nombre de U Care. Esta permitirá a las distintas familias poder contactar con una red de técnicos en enfermería para el cuidado de la persona adulto mayor que tengan a su cargo. Con la finalidad de brindar tranquilidad a las familias que requieran del servicio, los técnicos en enfermería serán seleccionados bajo un riguroso proceso de selección para asegurar la calidad en el cuidado de los adultos mayores. Para ello, se contará con el respaldo de un equipo administrativo el cual hará cumplir de manera correcta dicho proceso. La descarga del aplicativo web se podrá realizar desde diferentes sistemas operativos y se podrá descargar gratuitamente desde Play Store y App Store. Además, se contará con una página web que permitirá también la visualización de los servicios a ofrecer. U Care obtendrá ingresos a través de comisiones que estarán consideradas en el cobro por cada servicio; estas tendrán un valor del 25 % y el precio promedio que se ha definido por cada hora del servicio será de S/ 65. / The business idea proposed in this work consists of the creation of a mobile application and web page called U Care. This will allow different families to contact a network of nursing technicians to care for the elderly person in their care. In order to provide peace of mind to the families that require the service, the nursing technicians will be selected under a rigorous selection process to ensure quality care for the elderly. This will be supported by an administrative team that will ensure that the process is carried out correctly. The web application can be downloaded from different operating systems and can be downloaded free of charge from the Play Store and App Store. In addition, there will be a web page that will also allow the visualization of the services to be offered. U Care will obtain income through commissions that will be considered in the charge for each service; these will have a value of 25% and the average price that has been defined for each hour of service will be S/ 65. / Trabajo de investigación

Previous studies show that elderly people with mental illness tend not to have their needs met due to lack of interaction between authorities (Grundberg, Hansson, Religa & Hillerås 2016). The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate what care managers in social psychiatry and elderly care experience affect their work and collaboration between them. In this way, we want to create a deeper understanding of how work and collaboration affect the care of older people with mental illness. This qualitative study is based on semi-structured interviews with six care managers. We have used a thematic analysis to analyze our empirical material. Through transcription and reading of the empirical material, we have highlighted quotations that have identified repetitions, similarities and differences that have since shaped themes. Furthermore, the material was analyzed based on theories of collaboration (Danermark & Kullberg 1999; Grape 2015) and Lipsky's street level bureaucracy. Our study shows that care managers feel that collaboration is a prerequisite for being able to meet the needs of elderly people with mental illness, but opinions differ on whether the support needs of the target group are actually met. Collaboration between social psychiatry and elderly care is generally perceived to work well, even though our results show some contradictions to this claim. Finally, the study shows that collaboration and social work is influenced by various factors such as proximity and distance, as well as laws and guidelines and knowledge about these. These factors affect the care manager's room for manoeuvre and professional identity, which is also perceived to affect the possibilities for collaboration. Collaboration, room for manoeuvre and professional identity seem to be related and through interaction all parts form a whole.

Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka vårdpersonals uppfattningar och upplevelser av sina arbetsförutsättningar samt den egna kompetensen i möte med äldre med psykisk ohälsa. För att göra detta har författarna gjort en kvalitativ studie med tematisk analys. Sju undersköterskor som arbetar på särskilt boende har intervjuats. Det har använts semistrukturerade intervjuer för att utröna hur de uppfattar och upplever deras förutsättningar på arbetet samt deras egen kompetens inom området. Vid analysen har Anthony Giddens struktureringsteori, kompletterat med begreppen handlingsutrymme samt tyst och explicit kunskap, använts.  Vid intervjuerna och sedan vidare transkribering och tematisering framkom det tydliga mönster i deras förutsättningar rörande resurserna personal och tid. Det mest framträdande var bristen på personal som skapade brist på tid för att kunna ge psykosocialt stöd. Det var dock något som personalen värnade om och ville ha möjlighet till och de hade därför olika strategier för att skapa mer av detta. Det framkom tydligt att majoriteten hade en tyst kunskap i form av arbetserfarenheter som de främst använde sig av i mötet med de äldre som upplever psykisk ohälsa. Den explicita kunskapen fanns det inte lika mycket av i förhållande till psykisk ohälsa, även om det är något undersköterskorna önskade. Sammantaget påverkade resurserna och bristen på explicit kunskap huruvida de hade möjlighet att ge psykosocialt stöd till de äldre. / The purpose of the study has been to examine healthcare professional´s perceptions and experiences of their working conditions, as well as their own competence during their daily work in elderly nursing homes when they meet elders with mental illness. To do this, the authors of this study have used a qualitative method with thematic analysis. Seven semi-structured interviews with assistant nurses working in nursing homes have been conducted to find out how they perceive and experience their conditions at work and their own competence they have in the field. In the analysis, Anthony Gidden's structuring theory has been supplemented with the concepts of room for maneuver along with silent and explicit knowledge has been used. During the interviews and then further transcription and thematization, a clear pattern emerged in their conditions regarding the resources staff and time. The most prominent was the lack of staff which created a lack of time to be able to provide psychosocial support. However, this was something that the care staff cared about and wanted to have the opportunity to do, and they therefore have different strategies for creating more time to be able to provide psychosocial support. It is also clear that the majority hade a tacit knowledge in the form of work experiences that they mainly used in the meeting with the elderly who experience mental illness. There was not as much explicit knowledge, even if it was something the staff wanted. All in all, the resources, and the lack of explicit knowledge affected whether they could provide psychosocial support to the elderly.

In Zusammenhang mit der Einführung des Pflegeversicherungsgesetzes stellt die Arbeit die stationäre Altenpflege in Deutschland besonders dar. Im analytischen Rahmen der Arbeit wird der klassischen sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterteilung: Makro-Meso-Mikro eine zusätzliche Meta-Ebene hinzugefügt, welche den epistemologischen Hintergrund umfasst. Mit Hilfe des Modells der narrierenden Organisation kann so gezeigt werden, wie - am Beispiel der stationären Altenpflege - narrative Sinnstiftung in Organisationen abläuft. Dabei liegt ein Fokus darauf, was vom Außerorganisationalen des analytischen Rahmens in den sechs verschiedenen Fällen zur Sinnstiftung beiträgt. Nach einer sehr umfassenden qualitativen Auseinandersetzung schließt die Arbeit mit einem allgemeinen Modell, welches als Vorschlag zur Erforschung von Organisationen gesehen werden kann.

Over the last two decades, more and more elderly care nurses, specialists and untrained, have chosen to go into temporary agency work rather than insitutionalized care. This qualitative study investigated the factors that attract elderly care nurses to temporary employment and possible adjustments organizations can make, to enhance their competitiveness over agencies. A structured literature review and the Job Demand-Resource Theory were used as the backdrop for qualitative interviews with temporary agency nurses, temporary agents and leaders of elderly care homes. The factors that attract elderly care nurses in Germany to temporary agency work are expectations of greater flexibility, higher salaries and a different balance of demands and resources. The expected flexibilities are however limited and higher salaries arequestionable. Temporary agency nurses are engaging in a form of job crafting behavior that has larger implications for the field. Organizations might enhance their competitiveness with changes to internal structures, in large part changes to internal communication, and external changes the organizations might support / In den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten haben sich immer mehr Altenpfleger*innen, sowohl Fachkräfte als auch Ungelernte, dafür entschieden, in der Zeitarbeit statt der stationären Pflege zu arbeiten. Diese qualitative Studie untersuchte die Faktoren, die Altenpfleger*innen zur Zeitarbeit bewegen, und mögliche Anpassungen, die Unternehmen vornehmen können, um ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit gegenüber Agenturen zu verbessern. Eine strukturierte Literaturrecherche und die Job Demand-Resource Theorie dienten als Grundlage für qualitative Interviews mit Zeitarbeitspflegekräften, Disponent*innen von Zeitarbeitsagenturen und Leiter*innen von Altenpflegeheimen. Die Faktoren, die Altenpflegeri*innen in Deutschland zur Zeitarbeit bewegen, sind die Erwartung größerer Flexibilität, höhere Gehälter und ein anderes Gleichgewicht von Anforderungen und Ressourcen. Die erwartete Flexibilität ist jedoch begrenzt und die finanziellen Vorteile sind fraglich. Zeitarbeitskräfte üben eine Form des Job Crafting aus, die weitreichende Auswirkungen auf die Pflege als Profession und Arbeitsfeld hat. Unternehmen könnten ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit durch Änderungen der internen Strukturen, größtenteils eine Anpassung der Kommunikation, und durch externe Veränderungen, die sie unterstützen könnten, verbessern.

Swedish elderly care stands before vast employee related challenges in a future with an aging population that will require welfare. By studying what makes working in elder care attractive and what can be done to strengthen its’ attractiveness, tools can be made to attract employees to the occupation and thereby secure the future needs. This qualitative study has investigated employees' experiences of attractive work in a municipal home care service. Through two focus groups based on a model for attractive work, six employees' experiences of what makes their work attractive in a municipal home care organization have been identified. The results show these are social contact and relationships with colleagues, helping others, having varied tasks and care recipients, present and understanding leadership, and problem-solving in work. Improvement points such as increased salaries, more flexible schedules, raising the status of the home care profession, improving employees' ability to show appreciation for each other, and expanding employees' autonomy in their work have also been identified as ways to enhance the attractiveness of the work according to respondents. The study was inspired by hermeneutic-oriented empirical phenomenology, where respondents' experiences of the phenomenon of attractive work are central, but pre-understanding is used to gain a deeper understanding of these experiences and put them in a broader context. Using the model for attractive work, respondents' experiences have been compared to the model and previous research in the field, where similarities and differences have been identified and discussed. / Svensk äldreomsorg står inför stora personalrelaterade utmaningar i en framtid med en åldrande befolkning som kommer behöva välfärd. Genom att undersöka vad som gör hemtjänstarbetet attraktivt och vad som kan göra arbetet attraktivare kan verktyg skapas för att locka fler medarbetare till hemtjänsten och därigenom säkra framtidens behov. Denna kvalitativa studie har undersökt medarbetares upplevelser av attraktivt arbete i en kommunal hemtjänstverksamhet. Genom två fokusgrupper som kommer ifrån en modell för attraktivt arbete har vad sex medarbetarna upplever som attraktivt med sitt arbete hos en kommunal hemtjänstorganisation identifierats. Resultatet visar att dessa är den sociala kontakten och relationen till kollegorna, att hjälpa andra, ha varierande arbetsuppgifter och brukare, veta vad som ska göras, ett närvarande och förstående ledarskap samt att få lösa problem i arbetet. Förbättringsområden som höjda löner, luftigare scheman, att höja hemtjänstyrkets status, att medarbetarna blir bättre på att visa varandra uppskattning samt en utökad handlingsfrihet i arbetet för medarbetarna har också identifierats som respondenterna menade kan stärka arbetets attraktivitet. Studien har inspirerats av en hermeneutisk orienterad empirisk fenomenologi där respondenternas upplevelser av fenomenet attraktivt arbete står i centrum men förförståelse används för att få en djupare förståelse för dessa upplevelser och sätta dem i en större kontext. Med hjälp av modellen för attraktivt arbete har respondenternas upplevelser jämförts med nämnda modell samt tidigare forskning inom fältet för att identifiera och diskutera likheter och skillnader.