This is a qualitative study about Kalmar municipality. The purpose of the studyis to problematize Kalmar municipality's organizational and political conditions for the implementation of lgbtqi issues in elderly care. This problematization means to draw attention to whether older lgbtqi people in elderly care receive equal care and good treatment. Historically has lgbtqi been seen as a norm-breaking behaviour. Older lgbtqi people mostly live in hiding. Even today, the structure of society is built according to norms and values that affect the right of older lgbtqi-people to be themselves. The study builds on semi-structured interviews. The interviews have been conducted in real life, digitally and through email with nine informants. The informants are working in Kalmar municipality as either politicians, business developers, municipal commissioners, municipal directors or other officials who work with issues regarding equal elderly care. Some informants have had more expertise regarding lgbtqi issues. Research and the interviews have contributed to a greater understanding and created different themes. The themes are prerequisites for implementation, challenges for implementation, knowledge and competence and treatment. During the interviews, various factors emerged that contributed to subheadings for each theme. Examples of factors shown are collaboration, open communication and commitment, budget, attitudes and structure. Analysis was performed by the use of the structuration theory. The theory of structuration means that actors and activities together influence how social structures are designed and changed in society. The result shows that more attention and work is needed around lgbtqi issues in the elderly care in Kalmar municipality. Kalmar municipality is undergoing a reorganization that may have an impact on the social work with lgbtqi. The results also show that knowledge and competence are limited in Kalmar municipality. Some factors that can have an affect on knowledge and competence are budget, time, open communication and commitment to the subject. Keywords: Kalmar municipality, implementation, lgbtqi-action plan, lgbtqi, elderly care, treatment, equal care

Pandemin som utlöstes av covid-19 har påverkat den psykosociala arbetsmiljön och välmående för medarbetare och personal vid särskilda boenden för äldre i Sverige. Det finns flera faktorer som kan relateras till det ökade antalet personer som upplever mental ohälsa i samband med den psykosociala arbetsmiljön, såsom arbetsbelastning, stress på arbetet, brist på återhämtning, oro och rädsla för att smittas eller för att föra smitta vidare till anhöriga och andra boende. Syftet med uppsatsen är att uppnå ökad förståelse för medarbetare inom särskilda boenden och deras upplevelse av den nuvarande psykosociala arbetsmiljön jämfört med perioden före och under pandemins utbrott. Studien använder uppsatta hypoteser och jämför samband mellan mentalt välmående och psykosocial arbetsmiljö utifrån självbestämmandeteorin. En kvantitativ forskningsansats har använts och undersökningen har skett via en digital enkät till en population av medarbetare inom särskilt boende i en västsvensk kommun. Svaren från den digitala undersökningen jämfördes med en tidigare enkät som utförts vid Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, och resultatet stödjer inte hypoteserna om en förbättring i den psykosociala arbetsmiljön efter covid-19 pandemin. Tvärtom tycks andelen negativa svar ha ökat även om det inte bör jämföras rakt av. För ytterligare kunskap i området krävs fler och framtida studier. / The pandemic of covid-19 has affected the psychosocial work environment and well-being for workers and staff of elderly care homes across the country of Sweden. There are a various number of factors that can be related to the increased number of workers experiencing mental health problems due to changes in the psychosocial work environment such as workload, jobstrain, stress, worry or fear of being infected by the virus either spreading it to patients or family members. The purpose of this thesis is to achieve an increased understanding about eldercare in the form of home care staff and their experiences of the present psychosocial work environment compared with the peak of covid-19. The study uses assumptions in the form of hypotheses and explores connections between mental well-being and psychosocial work environment by the theory of self-determination. A quantitative research approach was used, and the study was carried out in the form of a digital survey by email to a population of workers. The data provided by the home care staff was compared to a previous survey at the University Hospital of Sahlgrenska, and the result does not support the hypothesis that the psychosocial work environment has improved as the pandemic restrictions lessen. On the contrary, the comparison between the two surveys shows that the experienced psychosocial work environment has further decreased in score, even if a straight comparison is questionable. Further research is necessary to achieve more knowledge in the subject.

Tidigare forskning påvisar att individer som lever ett rikt liv fyllt av upplevelser, skattar sitt upplevda välmående högre. Individer som av olika orsaker blir isolerade på boenden som äldre, går miste om upplevelser de tidigare berikat sina liv med. Ett sätt att tillgodose att dessa isolerade individer kan fortsätta uppleva nya saker, så som konst, är genom att erbjuda immersiva upplevelser i VR. Pilotprojektet anses till stor del lyckats med att uppfylla syftet att finna gemensamma faktorer att bygga ett eventuellt samarbete på mellan Kommunens (pseudonym) olika förvaltningar. Detta med målsättning att kunna skapa något påminnande om ett projekt som genomförts i Halmstad. Pilotprojektet har även lyckats fånga upp vad som i dagsläget görs för att aktivera äldre, vilka nuvarande planer som finns, och visioner om hur immersiv VR skulle kunna användas i framtiden. Slutligen har också projektet lyckats ringa in några av de utmaningar och eventuella svårigheter som implementerandet av ett liknande projekt skulle kunna påverkas av. För att göra detta har intervjuer genomförts ett flertal nyckelpersoner inom kommunens olika förvaltningar för att undersöka intresse, möjligheter, förutsättningar och eventuella uppfattade begränsningar. Svaren har sedan tematiserats och analyserats för att kunna utröna resultatet. Den tydligast framträdande utmaningen med en sådan implementering, uttryckte samtliga förvaltningar vara begränsade resurser vad gäller ekonomi, personal samt tid. Slutsatsen pekar dock mot att det finns både vilja och goda möjligheter till samarbete mellan de olika förvaltningarna inom Kommunen för att skapa immersiva upplevelser i VR. / Previous research shows that individuals who live a rich life filled with experiences rate their perceived well-being higher. Individuals who, for various reasons, become isolated in care homes as elderly, miss out on experiences they previously enriched their lives with. One way to ensure that these isolated individuals can continue to experience new things, such as art, is by offering immersive experiences in VR.  This pilot project is considered to have largely succeeded in fulfilling its purpose of finding common factors on which to build a possible collaboration between the different administrations of Kommunen (pseudonym). This with the aim of being able to create something reminiscent of a project carried out in Halmstad. The pilot project has also managed to capture what is currently being done to activate older people, which the current plans are, and what visions of how immersive VR could be used in the future exists. Finally, the project has also managed to identify some of the challenges and possible difficulties that the implementation of a similar project could be affected by. To do this, a number of key people within Kommunen's various operations have been interviewed to examine interests, opportunities, conditions and perceived limitations. The responses have then been thematized and analyzed in order to ascertain the results. The most obvious challenge with such an implementation was expressed by all administrations to be limited resources in terms of finances, personnel and time. However, the conclusion indicates that there is both willingness and good opportunities for collaboration between the various administrations within Kommunen to create immersive experiences in VR.

The aim of the study is to explore how social categories, with focus on genderand age, is constructed in the social documentation which is a central part ofthe officially arranged elderly care in Sweden. The analysis consists of a discourseanalysis and has a standpoint in feminist theories about performativityand respectability. The analysis consists of a text analysis of case files and howdiscourses about social categories emerge in the texts. The case files are writtenin a standardized form which is central to the structure of the documentation.The study examines the following questions 1) how is the users of elderlycare and their relatives positioned through the discourse that emerges in thecase files? 2) how is the discourse in the case files a part of doing gender andage as social categories?The study shows that the case files are reproducing stereotyped gender rolesand positions “the elderly” by differencing them from other adults throughconceptions about characteristics and (the lack of) abilities. Women’s andmen’s needs are described differently whereas abilities and strategies areprominent in the women’s case files. The respectable narrative emerges in thedescription of women wanting to perform some of the workload which is absentin case files about men. The moral responsibility of relatives is reinforcedby the description about their care work or the absence of it. Male relatives arementioned in the case files prominently in the lack of female relatives. In thisway both masculinity and femininity are constructed through the implied valuesthat is attributed men versus women in the texts. A clear medical discourseemerges in the needs assessments. The assessment texts reformulate the descriptionsof needs and they are instead formulated as facts which reinforcethe medical discourse. In final, this study shows that users of elderly care andABSTRACT10their relatives are positioned from both gender and age and that these categoriesare integrated with each other. I draw the conclusion that age is a usefulcomplement to the theory of respectability and its importance in the narrativeof expression and assessment of a person’s needs.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how language difficulties in elderly care can affect the identity and quality of life of older Iranians. Intention is to increase knowledge about the importance of the native language for people in elderly care. Language barriers were previously researched mostly in nursing homes in the context of dementia, primaly relying on observations or text analysis and shows the importance of mother tongue use in late life. Previous research was realized with methods that do not include the elderly perspective. Therefore, we chose a qualitative interview as appropriate to investigate the problem from the perspective of the elderly. The results show a strong connection between identity, quality of life and language. The quality of life is directly affected by language, and the language influence on identity is indirect and dependable on other internal and external factors. In other words, it is not possible to examine the individual's language's impact on quality of life without the inclusion of the individual's identity as the most important factor. The findings also point to the need for further research about identity and quality of life of older people in relation to absence of Swedish language.

Syftet denna studie var att undersöka omsorgspersonalens attityder kring psykisk ohälsa hos äldre, hur det arbetas kring psykiska ohälsa på äldreboenden och vad för verktyg de har för att motverka det. Samt att uppmärksamma ifall omsorgspersonalen kan se brister eller förbättringsområden inom äldreomsorgen och arbetet med äldres psykiska ohälsa. Studiens empiri samlades in genom 6 semistrukturerade intervjuer med undersköterskor, från olika kommuner och äldreboenden i Sverige. Den insamlade materialet har sedan tolkats och analyserats utifrån tidigare forskning, samt utifrån det teoretiska begreppet professioner och Fischbeins & Ajzens (1975) teori om överlagd handling. Resultatet visar att det finns blandade attityder hos deltagarna men alla var eniga om att psykisk ohälsa är vanligt hos äldre på äldreboenden. De flesta respondenterna menar att psykisk ohälsa hos äldre det är ett problem och något det behövs jobbas med, men att det hos andra respondenter fanns en attityd att psykisk ohälsa inte är ett problem utan en naturlig del av åldrandet. I empirin lyfts det fram att det inte finns tydliga handlingsplaner eller riktlinjer kring hur omsorgspersonalen inom äldreomsorgen ska bemöta psykisk ohälsa hos äldre. Empirin visar att omsorgspersonalen får information att de ska försöka ta sig tiden och prata med och lyssna på de äldre, men menar att den tiden inte finns. Detta är en av bristerna som uppmärksammast i studien. Utöver tiden är bristerna enligt respondenterna personalbrist, bristen på personal med lämplig utbildning och indragningar av aktiviteter för de äldre. Enligt respondenterna är lösningar för dessa brister och förbättringsområden inom äldreomsorgen att omsorgspersonalen får utbildning och kunskap inom psykisk ohälsa och bemötande för att kunna ge äldre en högre livskvalitet och meningsfull vardag. Att öka insatser såsom aktiviteter och sysselsättning för att bryta isoleringen hos de äldre och till sist lyfter de upp samtalsstöd för de boende men även personalen. Att de äldre kan få hjälp och stöttning av någon med rätt kompetens för att motverka deras psykiska ohälsa, och att personalen skulle kunna ha en ventilationskanal, där de kan öppna upp sig och få hjälp med att bearbeta jobbiga eller tunga saker som skett under arbetet. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how caregivers’ attitudes are towards mental illness amongst elderly, if there is any work being conducted towards mental illness in nursing homes andif the caregivers have any preventative tools to battle mental illness. Also, to observe if the caregivers could see deficiencies or areas that need improvement in the elderly care or in the work with elderly mental illness. The empirical parts of the study were collected through six semi-structured interviews with assistant nurses, from different municipalities and nursing homes in Sweden. The collected material has been interpreted and analyzed, based on earlier research, and through the theoretical concept of professions and Fischbeins and Ajzens (1975) theory of reasoned actions. Results show that there are mixed attitudes among the participants, though everyone agreed that mental illness is common amongst the elderly in nursing homes. The majority of the respondents mean that mental illness in the elderly is a problem and something that needs to be addressed, but other respondentsmeant that mental illness isn’t a problem but for a fact a natural part of aging. From the empirical results it is emphasized that there are no clear action plans or guidelines on how the nursing staff in nursing homes are supposed to respond to mental illness in the elderly. The empirical evidence shows that the nursing staff are given information that states that they should try to take the time to talk and listen to the elderly, but such time does not exist. That is one of the deficiencies that has been noted from the study. In addition to the lack of time the deficiencies are according to the caregivers because of staff shortage, lack of staff with appropriate education and withdrawal of activities. According to the respondents, the solutions of these deficiencies and areas of improvement in the elderly care are that the nursing staff receive more education and knowledge towards mental illness and treatment to be able to give the elderly a higher quality of life and a meaningful everyday life. Increased efforts with activities and meaningful occupation to break the seclusion of the elderly, and finally, respondents want to introduce conversational support for the residents and staff. The introduction of conversational support so that the elderly can get help from someone with the right education and skills to counteract their mental illness, and so that the nursing staff also could have a way to ventilate, so the staff can open up and get help with processing difficult or heavy things that happened during work.

This bachelor's thesis explores the integration of digital technology in elderly care, specifically nursing homes, within a medium-sized municipality in Sweden. The aging global population presents significant challenges, notably in elderly care where digital technologies are increasingly being utilized to enhance residents' quality of life and streamline operations. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with municipal employees to examine how digital technologies are utilized, the attitudes of decision-makers towards these technologies, and the challenges and opportunities associated with their implementation. Findings indicate that digital technologies can potentially improve mental health, social interactions, and the overall well-being of elderly residents. However, the study also identifies significant barriers, including insufficient training of staff, procurement issues, and the lack of robust infrastructure, which hinder effective implementation. The results underscore the need for strategic planning and further research to effectively integrate digital solutions in elderly care settings, aligning technological advancements with the practical needs and capabilities of the elderly population.

The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate and analyze how care managers experience working with suicide prevention with the elderly. The study explores identified potential factors of success and perceived obstacles in the care managers current manner of operations. Additionally, the interviewees have suggested various ways on how to improve their current working methods. The data was collected by interviewing ten care managers and later analyzed by means of thematic analysis and applying Antonovsky’s salutogenic approach to wellness. This theoretical framework suggests the importance of an individuals’ ‘sense of coherence’ (SOC) for handling the hardships of life. Antonovsky suggests that the receivers of care can get their SOC strengthened by a professional. The interviewees of this study report the importance of developing a working alliance between the care manager and the receiver of care. They also highlight a lack of knowledge and the need of further training. Additionally, the results suggest that professionals in the field of elderly care can, and should, cooperate interprofessionally to counteract the elderly care’s focus on physical health over the mental. Our findings also suggest that inclusion of professionals with hands-on experience could be helpful when developing new strategies or policies.

Denna studie bygger på åtta enskilda intervjuer med undersköterskor, servicepersonal, enhetschef och socialchef inom en organisation. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur ledning och personal upplever den nyligen implementerade differentieringen av arbetsuppgifter på ett särskilt boende för äldre. I resultatet presenteras en tematisk analys bestående av följande teman: differentierat arbetssätt – från motiv till ökad status, frigjord tid på gott och ont samt ökade sociala kontakter. I temat differentierat arbetssätt – från motiv till ökad status presenteras motiven till arbetssättet och en beskrivning av vad differentieringen innebär i praktiken. I temat frigjord tid på gott och ont presenteras vad den frigjorda tiden används till och dess konsekvenser. I temat ökade sociala kontakter beskrivs det hur de sociala relationerna mellan de äldre och personalen har ökat och vad det får för konsekvenser för de äldre. Resultatet analyseras sedan med hjälp av organisationsteoretiska begrepp tillhörande det instrumentella perspektivet på organisationer. Slutsatsen är att ledningen och personalen handlat målrationellt i förhållande till förändringen i verksamheten. Differentieringen av arbetsuppgifter beskrivs på olika sätt av intervjupersonerna beroende av deras positioner och roller i organisationen. Utifrån arbetsdelning och förändrade rutiner i verksamheten beskriver undersköterskorna frigjord tid, minskad stress och tillsammans med servicepersonalen beskrivs också ökade sociala kontakter med de äldre. / This study is based on a total of eight individual interviews with nursing assistants, service personnel, unit manager and head of social services in the organization. The purpose is to increase understanding of how management and staff perceive the recently implemented task differentiation at a selected retirement home for elderly. The results present a thematic analysis on the following themes: task differentiation – from motive to increased status, liberated time for better or worse, and increased social contacts. Under the theme of task differentiation – from motive to increased status, the motives for the approach are presented along with a description of what it entails in practice. Under the theme of liberated time for better or worse, what the liberated time has been used for and its consequences are presented. Under the theme of increased social contacts, developed social relationships between the elderly and the staff at the retirement home and its consequences for the elderly are presented. The results are then analysed using organizational theoretical concepts belonging to the instrumental perspective on organizations. The conclusion is that the management and staff have acted in a rationally way in relation to the goals of the organization. Task differentiation is described in various ways by the interviewees depending on their positions and roles in the organization. Based on the division of labour and the changed routines in the organization the nursing assistants describe freed-up time, reduced stress, and, together with the service staff, also increased social contacts with the elderly.

The purpose of this study is to develop knowledge on how first line managers in elder care in western Sweden perceive their work situation with respect to the social aspects of a sustainable working life. The study is based on a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews. The results are based on eight interviews, which were analyzed through thematic analysis supported by theoretical frameworks consisting of the SwAge-model, the demand-control and support-model, and a theory of social support. According to the informants experiences, first line managers in elder care have good opportunities for a sustainable working life as access to social support appears to be satisfactory. The greatest threat to a socially sustainable work situation is attributed to a lack of control at work and an imbalance between work and private life. The study also showed that the work situation is most demanding when newly employed at a eldery care home, regardless of experience level. After comparing the study's conclusion with previous research, increased instrumental support can also be attributed value for improving first line managers work environment. Finally, the study has generated new knowledge in the field, which is that newly employed individuals, regardless of experience level, are the most exposed to an unsustainable working life. This knowledge can contribute to inspiration for future research and improvement measures. / Syftet med denna studie är att utveckla kunskaper om hur enhetschefer inom äldreomsorgen i Västsverige upplever sin arbetssituation med avseende på sociala aspekter av ett hållbart arbetsliv. Studien har utgått från en kvalitativ ansats i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet är baserat på åtta intervjuer som genom en tematisk analys har analyserats med stöd i teoretiska ramverk bestående av SwAgemodellen, krav-kontroll & stöd-modellen samt en teori om socialt stöd. Utifrån informanternas upplevelser framgår det att enhetschefer inom äldreomsorgen har goda möjligheter till ett socialt hållbart arbetsliv då tillgången till socialt stöd verkar tillfredsställt. Det största hotet mot en socialt hållbar arbetssituation kan härledas till bristande kontroll i arbetet och obalans mellan arbete och privatliv. Studien har även uppvisat att arbetssituationen är som mest krävande vid nyanställning på ett boende, oavsett erfarenhetsnivå. Efter att ha jämfört studiens slutsats med tidigare forskning kan också ökat instrumentellt stöd tillskrivas värde för att förbättra enhetschefers arbetsmiljö. Avslutningsvis har studien genererat ny kunskap i ämnet vilket är att nyanställda oavsett erfarenhetsnivå är som mest utsatta för ett socialt ohållbart arbetsliv. Denna kunskap kan bidra till inspiration för framtida forskning och förbättringsåtgärder.