Abstract Elliott, E. 2022. Monsters versus Humans – A Comparative Study of the Storytelling about Sasquatch and Stallo This essay aims to get a deeper knowledge of how indigenous peoples have created discursive narratives to explain and understand the inexplicable occurrences in existence. The study has compared the discourses about Sasquatch and Stallo, figures from the lore of indigenous peoples in North America and northern Europe respectively, to see if and how they relate. By looking at traditional Sasquatch stories of Native American tribes in North America, and traditional Stallo stories of the Sami people in northern Europe, it has been possible to compare the contents of the storytelling to reveal both differences and similarities. Keywords: Sasquatch, Stallo, indigenous people, Native Americans, Sami, North America, Europe, ethnology, folklore / Abstrakt Elliott, E. 2022. Monster mot människor – En komparativ studie av berättandet om Sasquatch och Stalo Denna studie syftar till att få en djupare förståelse för hur ursprungsbefolkningar har skapat diskursiva narrativ för att förklara och förstå de oförklarliga inslagen i tillvaron. Studien har jämfört diskurserna om Sasquatch och Stalo, figurer från berättartraditioner hos ursprungsbefolkningar i Nordamerika respektive norra Europa, för att se om och hur de relaterar till varandra. Genom att se på traditionella berättelser om Sasquatch bland ursprungsbefolkningen i Nordamerika, och traditionella berättelser om Stalo bland samerna i norra Europa, är det möjligt att jämföra innehållet i berättandet för att finna både skillnader och likheter. Nyckelord: Sasquatch, Stalo, ursprungsbefolkning, ursprungsamerikaner, samer, Nordamerika, Europa, etnologi, folklore

This essay aims to study which competencies, motives, and conditions that volunteer rescuers in the Aland Islands Sea Rescue Society consider important. An underlying aim is to investigate the importance of volunteer maritime rescue for the members themselves and for the local community from a maritime rescue and safety perspective. This is accomplished by examining qualitative ethnographic interviews through Discourse Theory. The essay explores what work tasks and competencies (such as knowledge and skills) volunteer maritime rescuers consider important and what strategies they use to acquire competencies. It even explores what motives they indicate as important for becoming involved as a volunteer rescuer and what conditions enable or limit their participation in the Sea Rescue Society The essay even explores why voluntary lifeguards need to exist in society and how com it exists.    The results show that each volunteer rescuer has an individual motive that keeps them engaged. The volunteer rescuers need a general competence but may also have special competence in maritime rescue practices. The living, health, work, and family situation of the volunteer rescuers are conditions that enable or limit their participation in the Sea Rescue Society. The finances of the maritime rescue service may also be a condition enabling or limiting.

This essay presents how a newly created non-binary folk costume named Bäckadräkten will  change and challenge traditions regarding Swedish folk costumes from the eighteenth century.  Bäckadräktens background as a tool to invent a new type of non-binary folk costume is presented. Different parts of Bäckadräktens clothing as a non-binary dress is compared to traditional folk costumes regarding male and female dressing as a mean of status concerning marriage and age.  Traditionally folk costumes usually derive from a specific region in contrast to Bäckadräkten with its background from the queer or non-binary community. Bäckadräkten can be used in different ways, colours and materials. It can be seen as a new type of folk costume for everyone who wants one and can be used in full scale or just as a part combined with other types of dresses. The founder of Bäckadräkten is the artist Fredy Clue and they want it to be a folk costume for everyone, not only non-binary or queer.       The analysis regarding Bäckadräkten is made by using ANT Action Network Theory and Queer Theory and focus on non-binary. The view of Bäckadräkten as a rhizome with a big and growing connected network is discussed. Seven people has been interviewed about their view regarding both folk costumes and Bäckadräkten.

The Swedish village by-laws are a collection of rules for coexistence in a village which evolved during the 18th and 19th centuries. The dissertation takes its starting point in an edition of Byordningar från Mälarlänen (Village By-Laws in the Lake Mälar districts) containing about 400 by-laws from the central part of Sweden, and is a limited review of that edition at the same time as it gives a systematic survey of certain aspects specified in the by-laws. These aspects were added as the result of an official proposal in 1742 containing a model on how a by-law should be constructed. The question is asked whether the directives of the Government were formulated when they reached the local level, or whether they were redesigned and adapted to suit the local situation. The village by-laws in the Mälar counties differ in form and in content depending upon the official proposal on by-laws from 1742. The village by-laws were originally discussed in connection with the changes in agriculture, and thus concerned such sectors as farming methods, fencing, grazing, the right to certain proportions of the village's resources. The local conditions in the village are reflected in, for example, the rules on the length of the grass for grazing. There were different kinds of such by-laws, e.g., by-laws for individual villages and by-laws for parishes (approved at a parish meeting). The initiative of the Government in requiring village by-laws gave different results in different counties. Large parts of Uppsala county are without forest land. The fences and the system of enclosing fields are therefore of particular interest in a discussion on the village by-laws. I have demonstrated that their origin and acceptance in Swedish villages and parishes can be placed in political, chronological, social and functional contexts. / <p>Diss. Uppsala : Univ.</p>

This Ethnological study, based on interviews with 8 pensioners with photography as a hobbyaims at finding the reasons the pensioners indicate are vital to them choosing photography asa hobby. The theoretical framework consists of Arnold Van Gennep’s ideas about Rites ofPassage and Gilles Deleuze’s theories of Becoming as a way to understand transitions in life.The results indicate that most of the interviewed persons seem to make a rather seamlesstransition from working life into retirement. The ones bringing their photo-hobby with themfrom earlier in life seem to make the smoothest transition of all.

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The aim of this study is to examine how notions of ageing, old age, life course and a good life is related to old peoples understanding of and their actions about their living situation. Notions, ideals and practices of home, ageing and old age are studied with ethnographic methods and analyzed with Sara Ahmeds phenomenological and queer theoretical tools ”the straight line” and ”orientation” to show how they relate to each other. The empirical material is based on 13 qualitative interviews with 15 persons who are more than 65 years old and live in different housing types in Sweden. The informants understanding of ageing and old age is one focus of the study, and the decision to move or not – and to where – is another. Even the experience of moving to a new place and the experience of elderly care in their home is described. The result shows that the decision of where to live and if, or when, it is necessary to move is often characterized by ambivalence during old age. It is related to two opposite norms about how to act during old age. Old people are expected to move as a preparation for negative changes in health, which follows a normative life course. At the same time, old people are expected to counteract their ageing by trying to stay in their home as long as possible. The event to move during old age can therefore be seen as a part in the process of becoming old. The opposite norms which old people have to relate to makes it difficult for old people to stay oriented. The study also shows that the feeling of home, the experiance of becoming old and orientation to norms affect each other.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur kvinnliga följare i åldern 19–24 år förhåller sig till kända influencers sociala medier inom mode, skönhet och livsstil.

The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of womanhood in relation to the Swedish fäbod culture at the turn of the 20th century. The study is based upon a questionnaire from 1928 and the material is collected from the archives at the Nordic Museum in Stockholm and the Institute for Language and Folklore in Uppsala. Drawing upon gender and ritual theories, the study intends to gain an understanding for what it meant to be a woman of the fäbod by examining how fäbod herdswomen were culturally shaped and initiated into women both in relation to their place in the fäbod community of herdswomen, but also in respect to the wider community and society of which they were a part of.  The main conclusion of the study is that the journey into the fäbod woods can be seen as a rite of passage where adolescent girls going to the fäbod for the first time were initiated into the fäbod community of herdswomen. Womanhood is a cultural phenomenon in which women are culturally shaped and initiated into women not only by the codes, conceptions and values of the society at large, but also by the stories, customs and traditions of their local communities. The fäbod herdswomen were born into the gender power structures of a patriarchal society that sought to shape them into promising wives, and they were also women of the fäbod, initiated into the fäbod communitas, a form of female counterculture with its very own musical language, customs and traditions, and with its very own definitions of womanhood.

This essay is dealing with the difficulties of cataloging and classifying anonymi and other kinds of literature without the components which have set the norm for bibliographic cataloging, i.e. a defined author, a standardized title etc. A typical example of this kind of literature is folklore and folktales, which are dealt with thoroughly here. The character of and the society&apos;s historical view upon the folk literature, as literature considered, are being described, as is the evolution of rules for cataloging in general. The folk literature is mostly systematized after a different pattern from other literature, since bibliographical facts are often missing. Therefore, this essay looks upon the ”ethnological” classification of tales and folklore, which means the thematic sorting of motifs in the plots of different tales, which is the most common method of organizing folk literature. The main purpose of this ethnological classification becomes in other words more or less the same as the purpose of bibliographical cataloging nowadays, namely a purpose of facilitating the retrieval of a certain literary unit and a certain common motif of several tales respectively. As the most successful attempt in the area of classification of folk literature (mainly ethnological) is mentioned the work by the Finnish researcher Antti Aarne, ”The Types of the Folktale : a Classification and Bibliography” from 1910, revised and enlarged by Stith Thompson in 1961. / Uppsatsnivå: D