Le respect de l'érosion et de la fuite du temps instaure une recherche concernant l'effacement de l'œuvre et le dessaisissement. Les écrits s'inspirent d'une quarantaine de travaux artistiques personnels, des sculptures pour la plupart, reliés à ceux d'artistes connus pour s'être exprimés dans un registre apparenté. Avec l'infini présent s'ouvre pour l'effacement une double perspective : celle d'un présent permanent, identique à lui-même mais appelé lentement à disparaître comme l'a voulu Roman Opalka, ou celle d'un présent récurrent, s'éclipsant pour réapparaître qu'il s'agisse de la foule, multitude d'hier et demain ou d'une scénographie humaine, une fatalité ubiquitaire, amenée à se perpétuer. L'auto-affirmation du passé, les ruines que l'on garde en l'état, de Jean-Christophe Bailly sont une lecture du temps. « Effigies » et les autoportraits d'Hélène Schjertbeck sont, parmi d'autres, les figures de l'effacement. Le refus du néant s'affiche avec la mémoire des corps disloqués, trophées, transis et gisants, celui de Corps évanoui et des coquilles vides, Sculptures d'ombre de Claude Parmiggiani, les bois calcinés de Franz Krajcberg. Fin et suite : l'ontologie de ce qui est rejeté ou délabré se trouve définie ; et après Jean Tinguely, la volonté de s'investir dans le renouveau des matériaux s'affirme pour une re-création en aménageant ce qui subsiste, ce qui a pu antérieurement interagir avec des mains humaines, et peut être à l'origine d'un nouvel essor, et d'une autre vie. Une nouvelle sémantique des verbes est imaginée, rendant compte des différentes formes temporelles et modales énonciatives des œuvres présentées. Mes travaux se consacrent alors au futur antérieur, à l'anticipe passé, pour promouvoir l'archéologie du futur. / The respect for erosion and the flying of time initiates a research as regards to erasure of an artwork and its loss. These writings stem from about forty persona! artworks, sculptures for the most part, linked to those executed by famous artists known for their works in related fields. The infinite present allows erasure to be considered from two standpoints: on the one hand, the forever present that is identical to itself but doomed to slowly disappear as wanted by Roman Opalka or on the other band, the recurring present fading away to reappear whether it is related to crowd as a past and future multitude or else, referring to a human scenography, as a ubiquitus fate doomed to continue. The self-assertion of the past, ruins kept as such, by Jean­-Christophe Bailly are a reading of the times. "Effigie" and self-portraits by Hélène Schjertbeck are among others, some shapes of erasure. Refusing nothingness can be seen through the memory of dismantled bodies, trophies, numbed and recumbent bodies, and through “Fainted body” and empty shells, Sculptured shadows by Claude Parmiggiani, the charred woods by Franz Krajcberg. The end and later on: the ontology of what is rejected or wrecked is defined and following Jean Tinguely, willing to become involved in the renewal of materials can be considered as a recreation when adjusting what remains, what may interected with human hands before and such can also be the starting point of new development and another life. A new semantics of verbs can be conceived accounting for various tenses and modal forms stating exhibited artworks. So my work is devoted to future perfect and past anterior to promote the archaeology of the future.

Uppsatsen har undersökt de gotiska verbalprefixen med utgångspunkt i att de ingår i ett system, i vilket prefixen hör hemma på olika positioner före verbets stam. Syftet har varit att fastställa, om någon av dessa positioner har varit avsedd för prefix bärande särdraget State or Change of State, som inom det teoretiska ramverket Lexical Template Morphology antas bära tre variabler. Materialet har bestått av belagda kombinationer av preverbala element, samtliga påträffade förekomster av verb på miþ- och dis-, samt stickprov av verb på ana- och us-. Genom en i huvudsak morfologisk analys har fem preverbala positioner i en ordbildningsmall föreslagits, här från det yttersta till det innersta kallade P5–P1. Den semantiska undersökningen visar att P5–P3 markerar medfölje, centrum-periferi-orientering respektive polaritet. För prefix hörande till P2–P1 har de excerperade satserna med dis-, ana- och us- analyserats med avseende på de semantiska rollerna figur och grund. Prefixet dis- har kunnat ges en ny definition, vilken förklarar 31 av dess 32 förekomster. Undersökningen visar, att de tre variablerna i State or Change of State kan vara fördelade över P2–P1, samt att rollerna figur och grund är av betydelse i sökandet efter de gotiska verbalprefixens funktioner.

This thesis investigates representations of masculinities and the father figure in the Swedish painter Carl Larsson’s (1864-1919) self-portraits from 1895. The paintings are analysed through the concepts authority, a term closely connected to the father figure, and idyll, a term often used to describe Larsson’s art. Sara Ahmed’s theory to see beyond what is taken for granted, in Queer Phenomenology, is theoretical starting point for the thesis. The analytical method is adopted from Tamar Garb’s Bodies of Modernity. Figures and Flesh in Fin-de-Siécle France. The conclusion is that the masculinities in Larssons’s father figure are coherent with the paterfamilias in the late 1900s, consisting of the provider, the authority figure, and the husband/lover. Furthermore, that the idyll is constructed by those with the authority to construct it, and that the authority thereby is defined by the idyll it constructs. / Uppsatsen undersöker maskuliniteter genom bildanalyser av två självporträtt av Carl Larsson där han framställer sig som både far och konstnär. Bilderna har analyserats med hjälp av begreppen auktoritet, som traditionellt har varit sammankopplat med fadern, och idyll, som har blivit i det närmaste synonymt med Larssons konst. Sara Ahmeds queera fenomenologi har använts som teoretisk utgångspunkt för att undersöka det som kan ses som det förgivettaga, här formulerat som idyllen. Bildanalyserna har gjorts med utgångspunkt i Tamar Garbs metod för bildanalys i Bodies of Modernity. Figures and Flesh in Fin-de-Siécle France. Undersökningen visar att det i Larssons fadersgestalt går att utläsa samtliga aspekter av 1800-talets paterfamiliaskonstruktion, såsom den formuleras av Joseph A Kestner; familjeförsörjaren, auktoritetsfiguren och maken/älskaren. Undersökningen visar också att den idyllen konstrueras av den som har auktoritet att göra det och att auktoriteten därmed definieras av den idyll den konstruerar. Carl Larssons idyllkonstruktion är därigenom resultatet av ett utövande av den auktoritet han har i egenskap av man, make, far och konstnär.

The aim of this study was to establish preliminary normative indications for Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test administered in English on a non-clinical population of Xhosa, unskilled workers (N = 33). The population has a history of relatively poor quality education and has received no tertiary education. The sample was stratified into two age grouping (18 – 29 and 30 – 40 years). Both sex and level of education were equally distributed within these age groupings. Within-sample statistical comparisons indicated no significant sex effect was present for any of the trials (Copy, IR or DR). Similarly, no significant age effect was present in the Copy trial. Significant age effects were observed for both recall trials (IR and DR). The local sample’s mean performance was descriptively and statistically compared to demographically equivalent nonlocal normative studies. Excluding an illiterate Columbian sample’s performance, the local sample performed significantly lower than all other available normative populations. Lastly, the local sample performed significantly lower than scores derived from a meta-analysis of normative indications in respect of educationally advantaged westernized groups for all three trials (p = .000 in all instances). These results assert the indispensable need for, and use of, culturally appropriate normative datasets in contemporary South African psychological assessments. Equally, these findings serve to highlight the significant influence of quality of education on cognitive test performance, being a critical socio-cultural variable that needs to be taken into consideration for norming purposes.

Sammanfattning Syftet med studien är att undersöka om tidig specialisering är en förutsättning för att uppnå elitnivå inom de estetiska idrotterna konståkning och truppgymnastik samt försöka få en förståelse för vilka för- och nackdelar tidig specialisering kan tänkas få för individen och den framtida elitkarriären. Följande frågeställningar skall besvaras i studien: Hur ser idrottsbakgrunden ut för samtliga landslagsutövarna inom konståkning och truppgymnastik? Hur beskriver landslagsutövarna sin idrottskarriär, inklusive eventuell specialisering och diversifiering? Metod En deduktiv enkät med totalt 7 frågor skickades ut till de 34 landslagsutövarna för att få en överblick över/kring hur deras idrottsbakgrund såg ut. 29 stycken valde att svara varav 14 var kvinnor och 15 var män, 10 konståkare och 18 truppgymnaster. Därefter kunde intervjupersonerna väljas utifrån de svar de angivit och som ansågs relevanta för studien, 2 från varje sport, 2 män och 2 kvinnor, med olika bakgrund inom sporterna. En semistrukturerad intervjuguide skapades för att samla så mycket information från deltagarna som möjligt. Efter transkribering togs citat ut och en induktiv metod användes för att skapa en modell med de svar som angivits av atleterna. Resultat Studien visade att det var stor spridning inom de båda landslagen gällande när atleterna börjat, specialiserat sig, utövat olika idrotter och dylikt. De fyra intervjupersonerna hade en mängd likheter och olikheter i deras väg till landslaget. Det skiljer sig i när de började utöva sporterna, några hade mest lek i träningen och andra tränade med målet att bli bättre redan första året. Kvinnorna hade fler skador än männen, endast en av de fyra atleterna hade slutat och tagit en paus i sin karriär. Stöttningen hemifrån och lagamraterna/kompisarna hade också olika stor inverkan på de fyra intervjupersonerna. Slutsats Tidig specialisering framkommer inte som ett måste för att nå det svenska landslaget i konståkning och truppgymnastik.

Cette étude est consacrée aux traductions de psaumes que Paul Claudel compose entre 1918 et 1953. Une édition critique et scientifique met en lumière les aspects génétiques et éditoriaux de cette entreprise peu connue. Elle est le fondement nécessaire à l'étude interne qui, s'appuyant sur une confrontation systématique avec le texte de la Vulgate qui sert de base à la traduction claudélienne, met au jour le fonctionnement à la fois poétique et herméneutique de ces textes. La traduction claudélienne des psaumes se situe en effet à la frontière de divers genres (traduction biblique, traduction poétique, commentaire exégétique, méditation spirituelle, poésie) et l'étude de cette imbrication permet d'apporter un éclairage nouveau sur les rapports que Claudel tisse avec l'univers de la Bible. Loin de former un corpus unifié et homogène, ces textes montrent au contraire une évolution du mode de traduction, vers une disjonction du texte claudélien avec la lettre biblique. L'hypothèse soutenue est que cette déhiscence est à mettre au crédit d'une réflexion sur le statut à la fois herméneutique et poétique de la figure, qui permet de faire se rejoindre l'exégèse figurative patristique et médiévale, dont Claudel hérite par le biais de la liturgie, et le régime figural propre à la littérature. Les Psaumes, à la fois texte poétique par excellence et voix privilégiée de la prière chrétienne, seraient ainsi le lieu où réaliser l'alliance du littéraire et du spirituel. / This thesis concentrates on Paul Claudel's translations of the Psalms, composed between 1918 and 1953. A critical and scientific approach reveals the historical and literary aspects of this little known project. Such an analysis is the necessary basis for a profound study that reveals both the poetical and hermeneutical process of these texts through a systematic comparison with the Latin text of the Vulgate, on which Claudel's translation relies. The Claudelian translation of the Psalms truly stands at the intersection of various genres – biblical translation, poetical translation, exegetical commentary, spiritual meditation, poetry – and studying these interlinking elements helps shed new light on Claudel's relationships with the Bible and its influence. Far from producing a united and homogenous corpus, these texts demonstrate an evolution in the way the process of translation yields a disjunction between the Claudelian text and the biblical one. My hypothesis is that this separation results from Claudel's analysis of both the hermeneutical and poetical status of the figure, that enables the linking of the patristic and medieval figurative exegesis – which he inherits through the liturgy – with the figural regime proper to literature. As both poetical texts par excellence and the privileged expression of Christian prayer, the Psalms are thus the juncture where literature and spirituality coincide.

Consumer satisfaction is key for retailers to retain loyal consumers. Retailers use apparel brands as a strategy to differentiate themselves in the market place, to attract potential consumers and to retain loyal consumers. Retailers have discovered the potential of the fuller figure sector as a lucrative market which can assist them to make profits and to increase their sales. The aim of this research is firstly to explore and describe the needs and expectations that the fuller figure South African working women have with branded career wear secondly, how they evaluate branded career wear apparel against the two broad quality dimensions namely functional and aesthetic dimensions and thirdly the problems they experience with the functional and aesthetic quality dimensions of branded career wear. The study also describes how fuller figure South African working women consumers further evaluate the branded apparel during the decision-making process which can ultimately lead to her either accepting or rejecting the branded career wear. This research is descriptive in nature, as an attempt is made to describe and understand how working fuller figure females evaluate branded apparel against certain quality dimensions and make decisions to purchase branded apparel to satisfy their needs. The Sproles and Burns’ (1994:264) decision-making model theoretical underpins the study. A quantitative research style was chosen for this study and the objectives and sub- objectives related to the needs and problems of the quality dimensions of the branded career wear were examined. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was designed to gain demographic information of the sample group, their store preferences, where they get their fashion information from as well as their needs and problems with regard to branded career wear apparel. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques were used to select a sample of working fuller figure females in the Tshwane, South Africa area. The responses to the 150 questionnaires were coded, captured and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of this study revealed that most of the respondents ranked the functional quality dimensions higher than the aesthetic quality dimensions. It is clear that most of the fuller figure consumers regard comfort as the most important need, followed by durability (that the material of the branded career wear should be of good quality). The sample group also regarded the emotional aesthetic aspects very important (that the styles are beautiful and make her feel feminine). It is contradictory, that these fuller figure working women experienced major problems with the quality dimensions that they ranked as highly important. The sample group experienced problems with fit at the functional and aesthetic level, although fit is one of the most important factors that consumers use during the evaluation of apparel items. This study makes certain recommendations to apparel retailers, fashion theorists and image consultants how to obtain optimal consumer satisfaction. The South African apparel retailers should take cognisance of the needs and problems of this growing market related to the functional and aesthetic quality dimensions. The study also revealed how age and income play a role regarding the needs and problems this sample group experienced with branded career wear and how this can influence their decision to either accept or reject a brand. The results contribute to the body of knowledge regarding the needs and problems of branded career wear apparel for the fuller figure market related to certain functional and aesthetic quality dimensions Copyright / Dissertation (MConsumer Science)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Consumer Science / unrestricted

The current high demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources to solve world energy crisis has enormously increased interest in looking at alternative sources of energy. All the machines used in manufacturing process, electricity generation, residential applications, transportation etc., rejects energy in the form of heat into environment. Thermoelectric materials can convert thermal-to-electrical and electrical-to-thermal energy and can be utilized in waste-heat harvesting, more efficient cooling to reduce energy usage and CO2 emissions. Significant research efforts have been devoted over the past decade to thermoelectric materials, with particular emphasis being placed on combining materials selection with nanostructuring. The overarching goal was to reduce thermal conductivity through selective phonon scattering and thus boost the thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT). SiGe alloys, as well as superlattices and nanocomposites made from them, showed significant improvements upon nanostructuring and ZT exceeding one at high temperatures. Other group IV alloys were not studied in the context of thermoelectrics. However, SiSn alloys are widely studied for their optoelectronic properties because they were predicted to become direct-gap materials when Sn composition increased beyond about 50%. To address this gap, we study the thermoelectric properties of SiSn alloys. Furthermore, we develop an iterative full-band solver for the electron Boltzmann transport equation and use it to compute the electron and hole mobility and Seebeck coeffcient in SiSn alloys. The electronic structure of SiSn alloys was computed in the virtual crystal approximation from non-local empirical pseudopotentials, while the application of strain allowed us to extract the electron-phonon coupling deformation potentials for each alloy composition. We benchmark our code against available mobility data for Si and SiGe alloys and find that it accurately reproduces the measured values. Full phonon dispersion was computed from the adiabatic bond charge model, which was shown to accurately reproduce measured dispersion, and used in our phonon BTE solver to compute lattice thermal conductivities. Scattering rates include anharmonic phonon-phonon, impurity, isotope, alloy, and boundary mechanisms. The lowest thermal conductivity was obtained in SiSn alloys, which have been experimentally demonstrated with up to 18% Sn composition. This carries through when combined with calculations of electronic power factor, where mobilities and Seebeck coeffcients of SiSn alloys are comparable to those of SiGe. Furthermore, ZT is optimized through doping for every composition. The ZT improves dramatically at higher temperatures, reaching ZT of 1.9, 2.36 is obtained for Sn composition of 10% and 50% in a n-doped bulk SiSn alloys at a temperature of 1480 K. However, such high Sn composition of 50% is unlikely to be synthesized due to low solid solubility of Sn in Si. Lastly, we study the impact of nanostructuring in thin films on the ZT. We also establish the limits on how much the ZT can be improved through nanostructuring by studying thin films of SiSn alloys across temperature from room temperature up to 1500 K. We conclude that in bulk SiSn alloys, even at modest Sn concentration of 10%, ZT can reach 1.9, while in 20 nm thin films of n-type SiSn alloys, it can reach the long-sought target of ZT>3 and ZT of 2.16 is obtained in p-type nanostructured SiSn alloys.

This masters thesis deals with low noise amplifier design for frequency range 1 GHz - 3 GHz. There is a short theoretical introduction in the first part of the thesis. There are described parameters and properties of transistors and general two-ports. Description of the noise characteristics two-ports follows. The next capture contains design of two-stage amplifiers. One of them is with a microstrip filter between stages and the second one is with combline filter on input of the amplifier. The amplifiers and the microstrip filter were designed in program ANSOFT Designer. The design of combline filter was realised in program CST Microwave Studio. Both amplifiers ware made and their properties ware compared with simulations.

I dag sätts flera åtgärder in för att bromsa klimatförändringarna, både inom Sverige och på internationell nivå. ‘Forum för energieffektivt byggande’, FEBY, är en organisation som arbetar med att driva utvecklingen av lågenergibyggnader framåt. FEBY har tagit fram ett certifieringssystem som ska hjälpa byggherrar uppföra byggnader med lägre energianvändning. För att en byggnad ska bli certifierad krävs det att den uppfyller vissa krav, bland annat på värmeförlusttal. Sedan starten 2008 har ca 50 småhus certifierats enligt systemet, vilket väcker frågan om varför så få småhus har certifierats och om detta kan bero på hur kraven är ställda.Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka om de krav som FEBY ställer på värmeförlusttal är rimliga vid byggande av ett småhus oavsett vart i Sverige det är placerat. Undersökningen har gjorts för tre orter i olika delar av Sverige; Lund, Falun och Boden. Byggnadens utformning är densamma på alla tre orter, med undantag för isolertjocklek i ytterväggen. Parametrarna fönsterglasarea, U-värde på fönster, luftläckning och köldbrygga varierades i beräkningarna för att få ett bredare och mer trovärdigt resultat.Undersökningen görs enligt de beräkningar som FEBY hänvisar till i dokumentet FEBY18 med utgångspunkt i krav för värmeförlusttal på nivå FEBY Guld.Rapporten avgränsas till en enplansvilla på 100 m2 uppvärmd golvarea. Ingen hänsyn tas till faktorer så som ljud, sol, fukt, årsvärmefaktor eller värmebalans för luftvärmd byggnad. Inte heller beaktas bärförmåga, motstånd mot brand eller fönstrens läge.Resultatet visar att negativa U-värden uppstår vid flera parametervariationer i Boden och Falun. Negativa U-värden indikerar att ytterväggen måste producera värme, vilket i det här fallet inte är möjligt. I flera fall i Falun och Boden förekommer även så pass låga U-värden att isoleringen behöver anta en tjocklek på över en meter medan isolertjockleken i Lund aldrig överstiger 500 mm. Vid de mest gynnsamma förutsättningarna visar resultatet att det fortfarande är svårt att nå en rimlig isolertjocklek, eller ett positivt U-värde, i Boden och delvis Falun.Slutsatsen är att det går att konstruera en byggnad som når kraven för nivå FEBY Guld i södra Sverige, men att det blir svårare ju längre upp i landet som byggnaden ska uppföras. Tjockare isolering verkar inte göra kraven uppnåeliga i Sveriges norra delar utan med de förutsättningar som undersöks skulle väggen behöva skapa värme om värmeförlusttalet för FEBY Guld ska nås. / In the current political climate, several measures are implemented to prevent climate change both in Sweden and internationally. ‘Forum för Energieffektict Byggande’, FEBY, is an 6rganization that aims to contribute to the development and expansion of low-energy buildings. To this end, FEBY has created a certification scheme to help contractors develop buildings with lower energy consumption. To certify a building, the contractor must ensure that certain requirements are met, for example heat loss figures. Since the conception of the certification, only about 50 small houses have been certified. This raises the question of why so few small houses have been certified, and whether this is due to how the requirements are set.The purpose of this report is to investigate whether the heat loss figures that features in FEBY’s certification are reasonable in reference to the construction of small houses regardless of its location in Sweden. To examine this, this study features small house construction in Lund, Falun, and Boden. The overall building design is the same in all three locations, apart from the insulation thickness in the outer wall. The examined parameters for this study include window glass area, U-value of windows, air leakage, and thermal bridges varied in the calculations to ensure a more relevant and reliable result.This study is based on the calculations referred to in the document named FEBY18 which is based on the requirements for heat loss figures according to the FEBY Gold level.The report is limited to a single-floor house of 100 m2 of heated floor area. Factors such as sound, sun, moisture, annual heat factor, or heat balance for air-heated buildings are not considered. Nor is bearing capacity, resistance to fire, or the position of the windows, considered within the study.The result shows that negative U-values occur in several parameter variations in Boden and Falun. Negative U-values indicate that the outer wall must produce heat, which is not possible due to the construction of the wall. In several cases in Falun and Boden the U-values were so low that the insulation would need a thickness of more than one meter, while the insulation thickness in Lund never has to exceed 500 mm. Even during the most favorable conditions, the results still show the difficulty of achieving reasonable insulation thickness, as well as a positive U-value. This is especially true with regards to Boden, but in part also Falun.In conclusion, while it is possible to construct a small house that meet the requirements for the level FEBY Gold in the south of Sweden, it is increasingly challenging the further north you attempt to construct such a building. Even using thicker insulation, the requirements are difficult, if not impossible, to achieve in the north of Sweden. Under current conditions, the wall would need to generate its own heat to meat the heat loss figure demanded by the FEBY Gold standard.