This research had as its main objective analyzing the contribution of the Physical Education courses (Licentiate and Bachelor degrees) of the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS) in the preparation of future professionals of the area to work with the environmental theme. To this end, the following specific objectives were drawn: a) to analyze how the professors of the Physical Education courses of UFS contribute, through their pedagogical practices, to the preparation of the students to work with the environmental theme; b) to seek the students' understanding of how the environmental theme is developed in their initial training in Physical Education courses at UFS; c) to understand how the environmental theme materializes in the curricula of the Physical Education training courses of UFS. The sample included two distinct groups, but intertwined concerning the object of this research. The first was composed by all the in-service professors who teach units that are part of the curricular matrix of the Physical Education courses at UFS. The second group was composed of students from the Physical Education courses at UFS who attended at least 80% of the total course credits. The research was descriptive-explanatory, with a quantitative-qualitative approach. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The analysis of the data allows to conclude that the approach of the environmental theme in Physical Education courses at UFS have significant limitations, considering the following main points: a) it materializes by means of sporadic actions or by the action of teachers who choose to approach the theme motivated by different interests, not having a direct association to institutional / legal demands; b) there is an interest of greater insertion of the thematic, but this action is still highly limited by the lack of conceptual knowledge (what to insert) and structural knowledge (how to insert); c) the most significant actions of insertion of the environmental theme in the curriculum are carried out by noncompulsory curricular units and research projects, being possible for the student to pass through the course without having more in-depth contact with the subject. Despite the limitations presented in the current structure, most of the interviewees (professors and students of the course) recognize the importance and necessity of greater insertion of the theme in the course’s curriculum, also manifesting an interest in promoting this insertion. This is an important data considering possible research in the future that provides the bases (conceptual / structural) to achieve this objective. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar a contribuição dos cursos de Educação Física (licenciatura e bacharelado) da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) na preparação dos futuros profissionais da área para atuarem com a temática ambiental. Para tanto, os seguintes objetivos específicos foram traçados: a) analisar como os docentes dos cursos de Educação Física da UFS contribuem, através de suas práticas pedagógicas, para a preparação dos discentes para atuarem com a temática ambiental; b) buscar a compreensão dos discentes sobre como a temática ambiental é desenvolvida em sua formação inicial nos cursos de Educação Física da UFS; c) compreender como a temática ambiental se materializa nos currículos dos cursos de formação em Educação Física da UFS. A amostra contemplou dois grupos distintos, porém entrelaçados no que se refere ao objeto dessa pesquisa. O primeiro foi composto por todos os docentes em exercício que ministram disciplinas componentes da matriz curricular dos cursos de Educação Física da UFS. O segundo grupo foi composto por discentes dos cursos de Educação Física da UFS que cursaram, pelo menos, 80% dos créditos totais do curso. A pesquisa teve caráter descritivo-explicativa, com abordagem quantitativa-qualitativa. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. A análise dos dados permite concluir que a abordagem da temática ambiental nos cursos de Educação Física da UFS possuem significativas limitações, destacando-se os seguintes pontos principais: a) se materializa por meio de ações pontuais ou pela ação de docentes que optam por fazer essa abordagem por interesses distintos, não havendo ligação direta a demandas institucionais/legais; b) há interesse de maior inserção da temática, porém essa ação ainda é muito limitada pela falta de conhecimento conceitual (o que inserir) e estrutural (como inserir); c) as ações mais significativas de inserção da temática ambiental no currículo são realizadas em disciplinas optativas e projetos de pesquisa, havendo a possibilidade do aluno passar pelo curso sem ter contato mais aprofundado com a temática. Apesar das limitações apresentadas na atual estrutura, a maior parte dos entrevistados (docentes e discentes do curso) reconhece a importância e a necessidade de maior inserção da temática no currículo do curso, assim como o interesse em promover essa inserção, constatação que abre espaço para projetos futuros que forneçam as bases (conceituais/estruturais) para contemplar tal objetivo.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / A presente dissertaÃÃo analisa as trajetÃrias dos membros de um grupo de intelectuais e artistas para compreender a formaÃÃo do seu gosto musical. Na dÃcada de 70, esse grupo ficou conhecido como âPessoal do CearÃâ. O trabalho evidenciou que as opÃÃes estÃticas foram definidas por idÃias transmitidas pela escola, famÃlia, indÃstria cultural e se diversificaram na multirreferencialidade da educaÃÃo dos integrantes. A investigaÃÃo empregou os conceitos de habitus, capital e campo social para identificar as coincidÃncias na formaÃÃo dos sujeitos, suas convergÃncias para espaÃos comuns, a partilha de projetos, idÃias e a formaÃÃo de parcerias. Este trabalho estudou a origem familiar dos sujeitos, seus processos de formaÃÃo escolar e extra-escolar, suas reuniÃes nos ambientes da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, suas aÃÃes nos festivais e programas de televisÃo e concluiu com os primeiros registros fonogrÃficos nas grandes gravadoras do Rio de Janeiro e SÃo Paulo; verificou a formaÃÃo de um habitus musical forjado na diversidade e constituidor de um sub-campo musical conhecido como âPessoal do CearÃâ. / The dissertation analyzed the paths of the members of a group of intellectuals and artists (known in the decade of 70 as "Pessoal do CearÃ") to understand the formation of his musical taste. The work studied the family origin of the subjects, their processes of school and extra-school formation, their meetings in the atmospheres of the Federal University of CearÃ, their actions in the festivals and television programs, and their first musical registrations at the big recording companies of Rio de Janeiro and SÃo Paulo. The investigation used the concepts of habitus, capital and social field to identify the coincidences in the formation of the subjects, his convergence for common spaces, the sharing of projects and ideas, and the formation of partnerships. Concluded verifying the formation of a musical habitus, wrought out in the diversity of living experiences, and creator of the musical sub-field known as "Pessoal do CearÃ".

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao parte1 Rejane Bonomi Schifino.pdf: 4337221 bytes, checksum: 26d7678447c9511757876631c9a2a726 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / This paper aims to establish the relationship between Dancing and History, trying to understand how this practice integrates with Goiânia s cultural lifestyle. Starting from the apparent contradiction between an imported art and a culture closely tied to the regional universe of Midwestern, we tried to demonstrate how this activity flourished in the capital of Goiás, through the systematization of its education, the training of local professionals, the artistic production in the area and the opening of specific spaces for its experience over time. According to this objective, we used different sources: the collections of documents linked to the dancing universe in the city, documents made available by the goianienses public files, interviews with local professionals and selected bibliography on Goiás historiography and history of dance. The analysis of these sources and the selected bibliographic references demonstrate that if the dance has spread from the activity of teachers from other States and countries from late 1940 did not originate in the territory of Goias, it was absorbed as part of local culture due to the nature of its Constitution: integrative, hybrid, possessor of both rural and urban elements. This peculiarity has allowed, between 1940 and 1990, that many teachers settled in the city and establish their way of teaching permanently, by introducing different teaching methodologies, forming dancers with recognized excellence, producing and participating in performances and events related to this activity and promoting this practice under various approaches such as acquisition of culture, physical exercise, as a profession, therapy, a hobby. At the same time, it contributed to the formation of a local habitus, forming a sociable network that has unique forms of relationship and reaches not only the direct public of local private tutors and their living spaces, but also the public spaces, such as schools and dance companies. / Este trabalho procura estabelecer as relações entre Dança e História buscando compreender como esta prática se integra à vida cultural de Goiânia. Partindo da aparente contradição entre uma arte importada e uma cultura intimamente ligada ao universo regional do Centro-Oeste, procurou-se demonstrar como se deu o florescimento desta atividade na capital goiana, através da sistematização de seu ensino, da formação de profissionais locais, da produção artística na área e da abertura de espaços específicos para a sua vivência ao longo do tempo. Com este intento, utilizou-se como fontes de pesquisa os acervos de documentos de estabelecimentos vinculados ao universo da dança na cidade, documentos disponibilizados pelos arquivos públicos goianienses, entrevistas com profissionais locais da área e bibliografia selecionada sobre historiografia de Goiás e de história da dança. A análise destas fontes e das referências bibliográficas selecionadas demonstra que, se a dança que se propagou a partir da atividade de professores provenientes de outros Estados e países a partir do final dos anos 1940 não se originou em território goiano, esta foi absorvida como elemento constituinte da cultura local devido à natureza de sua constituição: integradora, híbrida, possuidora tanto de elementos estritamente rurais quanto marcadamente urbanos. Esta peculiaridade permitiu que, entre as décadas de 1940 e 1990, cada vez mais professores se fixassem na cidade e estabelecessem seu ensino de forma permanente, introduzindo metodologias de ensino diferenciadas, formando bailarinos com excelência reconhecida, produzindo e participando de apresentações e eventos relacionados a esta atividade e promovendo esta prática sob diversos enfoques como aquisição de cultura, como exercício físico, como profissão, como terapia, como hobby. Ao mesmo tempo, contribuiu para a constituição de um habitus local, com a formação de uma rede de sociabilidades que possui formas de relacionamento únicas e que atinge não só o público direto dos professores particulares locais e de seus espaços de vivência, mas também espaços públicos, como escolas e companhias de dança.

nÃo hà / Este trabalho analisa o momento formativo da literatura brasileira, a partir do estudo da trajetÃria polÃtica, literÃria e social de uma dos seus personagens fundadores, o escritor Josà de Alencar. Procura-se realizar uma aplicaÃÃo empÃrica da teoria dos campos de Pierre Bourdieu, a partir de uma revisÃo crÃtica da mesma, mitigando os aspectos remanescentes Por meio da reconstituiÃÃo do quadro de disposiÃÃes e dos contextos de socializaÃÃo a que elas foram submetidas, no caso de Josà de Alencar, procura-se entender o papel do escritor cearense na criaÃÃo do que de Antonio CÃndido chamou de sistema literÃrio do Brasili Inicialmente, apresenta-se um pequeno histÃrico da famÃlia de Josà de Alencar, que lanÃa luz sobre a trajetÃria do escritor no espaÃo social do Segundo ImpÃrio, com suas posiÃÃes e deslocamentos. Discute-se a carreira do romancista no nascente campo literÃrio: seus contratos com o editor Garnier, as vendas dos direitos dos seus livros, a formaÃÃo de um pÃblico leitor, as relaÃÃes com a crÃtica e com as instÃncias de prestÃgio.Trata-se de entender como este campo se formou, estruturando-se em estreita dependÃncia do campo polÃtico â o que se evidencia na dupla vida de Alencar, simultaneamente literato e polÃtico. SÃo analisadas as disposiÃÃes, apetÃncias e competÃncias decorrentes da heranÃa familiar do romancista: sua posiÃÃo de membro da elite imperial; sua formaÃÃo pela Faculdade de Direito de SÃo Paulo, onde fez amizades que seriam fundamentais para a sua carreira de jornalista; o peso do duplo estigma de âfilho de padreâ e tuberculoso; o fÃsico debilitado, aliado a um temperamento irritadiÃo, que o tornavam alvo fÃcil da chacota dos adversÃrios; e a verdadeira erupÃÃo que foi a emergÃncia do movimento Realista, que tornaria os romÃnticos como Alencar precocemente envelhecidos.no curso de sua trajetÃria social. Este quadro à confrontado com a autobiografia e as setes biografias produzidas sobre Alencar. Dessa construÃÃo (auto)biogrÃfica surge a ilusÃo de que o escritor cearense seria um gÃnio romÃntico. Como alternativa a essa explicaÃÃo, criticada por Bourdieu, a pesquisa propÃe utilizar o conceito de âprofetaâ, elaborado por Max Weber no Ãmbito da teoria da religiÃo, para se entender Alencar como criador de um campo de novas crenÃas, relativas à estÃtica e ao papel do artista. Finalmente compara-se a estratÃgia adotada por Alencar com a posiÃÃo assumida por Machado de Assis, que viria a ser, efetivamente, o criador do campo literÃrio brasileiro.

Oxelösund är en liten kommun på den Södermanländska kusten. Denna kommun har trots sin storlek stora problem med ohälsa i form av bland annat hög andel missbrukare. Dock kan man se att hälsoproblemen i Oxelösund är mer omfattade och innefattar i princip alla områden av folkhälsan. Man kan se att riskfaktorerna delvis är fler än friskfaktorerna. Detta kan vara en del i samhällets habitus, man en ohälsosam livsstil i Oxelösund. / Oxelösund is a small municipality on the coast of Södermanland. This municipality has, despite its size, huge problems with the public health. The municipality has a high rate of addicts if you compare to other municipalitys in the area of Södermanland. However the study shows that the health problems in Oxelösund is more extensive and includes virtually all areas of public health. The study shows that the risk factors are more prevalant than the health factors. This may be a part of the society's habitus, habitants of Oxelösund have a more unhealthy lifestyle.

This thesis investigates the ways in which the Mission Covenant Church of Sweden could influence the Swedish Foreign Aid Policy for NGOs, with particular focus on financial support for their missionary activities. Furthermore, it investigates how the church’s involvement in the emerging Foreign Aid Policy work, and its relationship with the government agency NIB/SIDA during the years 1964-1980, influenced the church’s own policy-making. Using Mahoney, Streeck and Thelen’s concept of gradual change and Bourdieu’s theory of habitus this thesis investigates the influence the relationship had on 1) the Aid policy 2) MCCS: s evangelical mission. The results of this thesis indicate that the government agency’s original demand for a Foreign Aid work neutral from religious or political influence changed into a policy embracing missionary organisations. The results also indicate a change in the priority of the Mission Covenant Church of Sweden’s mission methods with the church prioritising social work over evangelisation. This study aims in general to deepen the knowledge of the NGOs involved in the Swedish Foreign Aid in order to further the understanding of their influence on the Foreign Aid Policy as well as their methods to remain uninfluenced in return.

Die Dissertationsarbeit ist der Erforschung des Phänomens der Transformation der urbanen und lokalen Identität im Rahmen des Migrationsprozesses nach dem Zerfall der UdSSR gewidmet. 1. Einer der wichtigsten Fokusse der Forschung ist die vergleichende Geschichte der Entwicklung der drei Städte - Sankt-Petersburg (Russland), Odessa (Ukraine) und Baku (Aserbaidschan), die als Räume im Kontext urbaner Gesellschaft und Habitus konstruiert wurden. Der wichtigste geschichtliche Zeitraum ist mit der Europäisierung des Russischen Reichs verbunden. Dieser Faktor bestimmt weitgehend die Spezifität des urbanen Habitus (Lebensraum). 2. Der zweite Fokus liegt auf der urbanen Gesellschaft der Bürger*innen Sank-Petersburgs, Odessas und Bakus. Zur Zeit hat die jeweilige Gesellschaft in ihren Heimatstädten, nachdem sie massive Auswanderungen und den Zustrom von Menschen aus anderen Städten oder ruralen Räumen erlebt hat, einen Teil ihres Einflusses sowie ihrer dominanten Position verloren. Aber in diesem Kontext der Verluste, haben die Mitglieder der urbanen Gesellschaft, auch durch die rasante Entwicklung der digitalen Kommunikation die Möglichkeit erhalten, transnationale Netzwerke zu entwickeln. 3. Der dritte wichtige Fokus liegt auf den sozialen Netzwerken der Bürger*innen von St. Petersburg, Odessa und Baku in Deutschland, u.a. in Berlin. Sowie auf der Institution – „Urban Clubs“, die von Aktivist*innen der urbanen Gesellschaft im Rahmen der Jüdischen Gemeinde Berlin, Anfang der 2000er gegründet wurden. Die Praxis der Netzwerk- und Vereinsgründung ermöglicht es Migrant*innen, auf symbolische Weise ihre gewohnten Lebensbedingungen zu rekonstruieren und bestimmt so die Besonderheit ihrer Integration in die deutsche Aufnahmegesellschaft. Eine solche Studie erlaubt es, die innere Vielfalt einer sich als „russischsprachige Juden“ definierenden Gruppe zu beschreiben. Zusätzlich trägt sie auch dazu bei, die Diskussion über die Prinzipien der Integrationspolitik in Deutschland anzuregen. / This dissertation is devoted to the study of the transformation of urban local identity in the context of migration processes after the collapse of the USSR. 1. It offers a comparative history of the development of St Petersburg (Russia), Odessa (Ukraine) and Baku (Azerbaijan) as socio-cultural spaces, within which urban communities were created and urban habitus was designed. The most important period in their history is connected with Europeanisation of the Russian Empire. This history largely determines the specificity of the cities’ urban habitus, respectively. 2. Research is focused on the urban communities of Petersburgers, Odessites, and Bakuvians, which are presently experiencing mass emigration and an influx of population from other cities or rural areas. These communities remaining in their hometowns have lost some influence and status, but in the context of this loss, and due to the rapid development of digital communications, members of these urban communities have also created transnational networks. The city clubs established in St. Petersburg, Odessa and Baku in 1990-1991 have played a special role in creating such networks. Specifics of the communities and their urban habitus have been studied in parallel with the research concerning urban club activities. 3. Social networking practices of members of these urban communities are studied, with focus on immigrants in Germany, and Berlin in particular. Club creation practices allow migrants to symbolically reconstruct familiar living conditions and define the specifics of their integration into the host community (in Germany). Such research makes it possible to describe the internal diversity of the group defined as Russian-speaking Jews, and contributes to discussion about integration policy principles. / Диссертация посвящена исследованию феномена трансформации городской локальной идентичности в контексте миграционных процессов, развивавшихся после распада СССР. Исследование проводилось на трех уровнях и четырех городах и странах. 1. Один из важнейших фокусов исследования - это сравнительная история развития трех городов: Санкт-Петербург (Россия), Одесса (Украина) и Баку (Азербайджан), как социо-культурных пространств в рамках которых создавались городские сообщества и конструировались городские габитусы. Все три города играли разную, но особенную роль в истории Российской империи, а позже СССР. Данное обстоятельство во многом определяет специфику городских габитусов. 2. Один из основных фокусов исследования был направлен на городские сообщества петербуржцев, одесситов и бакинцев. В настоящий момент пережив массовую эмиграцию и приток населения из других городов или сельской местности, эти сообщества в родных городах утратили определенную часть влияния и доминирующие позиции. Но в этом контексте утрат, а также в связи с быстрым развитием цифровых коммуникаций, члены этих городских сообществ приобрели возможность конструирования транснациональных сетей. Институтами играющими особенную роль в создании таких сетей стали городские клубы, созданные в 1990-1991 годах в Петербурге, Одессе и Баку. 3. Третий основной фокус - социальные сети петербуржцев, одесситов и бакинцев в Германии, и в Берлине в частности. А также институты - "городские клубы", создававшиеся активистами этих городских сообщества в рамках Еврейской общины Берлина. Практики создания сетей и клубов позволяют мигрантам проводить символическую реконструкцию комфортных условий для проживания и определяют специфику процесса их интеграции в принимающее сообщество (в Германии).

Cette thèse questionne l’idée, aujourd’hui largement partagée, d’une compression de l’espace dû aux TIC. Ceci est dû au peu d’attention que les recherches en Systèmes d’Information ont porté à la question de l’espace organisationnel, ainsi qu’au déterminisme technologique. Cette étude cherche à comprendre la relation entre espace organisationnel et TIC en partant de la théorie de l’affordance, fondée sur les travaux de J.J. Gibson. Une étude de cas multiple portant sur deux écoles de management, au Canada et en Angleterre, a été menée. Les pratiques spatiales des chercheurs ont été analysées à partir d’un modèle fondé sur la théorie de l’affordance, afin de vérifier le rôle des TIC dans la formation de ces pratiques. Les résultats montrent que cette approche théorique n’est en réalité pas pertinente pour l’étude des TIC de manière générale.Nous proposons une perspective alternative reposant sur la phénoménologie de la perception de Merleau-Ponty. Au regard des 2 cas étudiés, cette approche suggère que les TIC ont un double effet : elles compriment et étendent l’espace simultanément. Les TIC constituent un point focal où les espaces proches et éloignés convergent pour produire une unique sphère d’expérience. Notre étude développe les concepts merleau-pontiens d’intentionnalité, de schéma corporel, d’habitus, de corps-connaissant et corps habituel dans le contexte des pratiques spatiales des chercheurs. Nous proposons d’abandonner la théorie de l’affordance au profit d’une approche expérientielle pour comprendre la relation entre espace organisationnel et TIC. / The dominant narrative of the collapsing of space due to ICT in organizations is challenged by this study. It is argued that this is due to a general lack of interest in organizational space in IS scholarship combined with technological determinism. This study seeks to understand the relationship between ICT and organizational space by mobilizing affordance theory based on J.J. Gibson’s work. A qualitative multiple-case study covering two business schools, in Canada and the UK, was undertaken. The spatial practices of academics were scrutinized using a model based on affordance theory to ascertain the role of ICT, as part of the wider environment, in the shaping of these practices. The results clearly demonstrate the inadequacy of affordance theory for the study of ICT in general. An alternative perspective based on the phenomenology of perception of Merleau-Ponty is proposed and successfully tested against the data. This alternative perspective suggests that, based on the experience of academics, ICT simultaneously collapses and expands space. ICT acts as a point of singularity where proximate and remote spaces converge to produce a singular sphere of experience. The study further develops Merleau-Ponty’s concepts of intentionality, body schema, habitus, knowing body, and habitual body in the context of the spatial practices of academics. I propose abandoning affordance theory in favour of an experiential approach to understand the relationship between organizational space and ICT.

Dans le contexte des effets de la mondialisation sur une économie émergente, le travail de recherche présenté ici s’attache à démontrer le processus d’ouverture internationale du manager industriel indien. Face aux mutations auxquelles sont confrontées les entreprises de la dixième économie mondiale, il est à la fois l’acteur de l’internationalisation et l’objet des transformations induites par celle-ci. Une recherche empirique et qualitative menée dans des entreprises industrielles indiennes décrit et modélise cette ouverture internationale pour la catégorie des managers intermédiaires, par le biais d’un programme de formation supérieure en gestion international indien, qui sert de cas d’étude : le Post Graduate Diploma in Management for Exécutive – PGDMX- dont le modèle réfèrent est américain. S’appuyant sur une analyse réflexive du discours de managers indiens diplômés PGPMX, ce travail s’attache à s’interroger sur l’homogénéité des pratiques et des théories managériales vis-à-vis de la spécificité de la culture du management à l’indienne. La mobilisation des concepts de la théorie de la pratique de Pierre Bourdieu, conduit à porter son attention sur l’existence d’un habitus international, et d’un gain en capital symbolique, culturel et social pour le manager diplômé du PGPMX. Les résultats montrent aussi une tension entre les nouveaux principes managériaux et les valeurs ancrées dans la culture indienne, en même temps qu’un processus « d’indigénisation sociale » du diplôme. Ce travail s’adresse, certes, aux entreprises publiques indiennes et en particulier aux services RH sur la gestion des talents, mais aussi aux Ecoles de management en Inde et en Occident; ainsi qu'aux entrepreneurs étrangers qui souhaitent développer des activités en Inde, en mettant en évidence la force de la violence symbolique, liée à toute intrusion culturelle, et source de résistance de par la nature autonome de la tradition indienne, à la fois industrielle, culturelle, et humaine. / In the context of the effects of globalization on an emerging economy, the research presented here is aimed at demonstrating the process of internationalization of middle managers in Indian industrial enterprises, via advanced management training. These very large public enterprises are both, key actors engaged in deploying globalization effects, and the objects of those transformations. Based on empirical and qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews carried out in these large Indian industrial enterprises, what follows is a report describing and modeling the internationalization of a panel of former participants of a Post Graduated Diploma in Management for Executives (PGPMX), of American MBA inspiration. The originality of this research is to offer a reflexive report of the nature of this training, as the participants experienced it, and the consequences for them professionally and personally. This allows the investigation of the fit of managerial practices and theory as offered by business schools, using the US model vis-à-vis the managerial demands in Indian enterprises, wrapped in the specificities of the Indian culture. As an interpretative strategy, the data gathered from the extensive field work was treated in reference to the project of Pierre Bourdieu—with particular attention to the figure of habitus, and special focus on modifications of capital’—symbolic, cultural and social; Result show a gain in all three, and reveal a residual tension between the new management principles, and the traditional values. This research, should be of value for the Human Resource Development function of Indian Industrial Enterprises, and for the schools of management—both Indian and Western, that offer these training programs. It should also interest foreign enterprises that seek entry into the Indian market, by enabling a better comprehension of the ‘symbolic violence’, associated with the intrusion of foreign cultural practices and values.

Uppsatsens syfte är att bidra till en djupare förståelse för hur applåden fungerar som en ritual under den klassiska konserten samt hur praxis kring den traderas, då den klassiska konsertens ritualer och normer kan kännas underliga och avskräckande för den som aldrig närvarat vid en sådan. Med en kvalitativ intervjumetod har två informanter frågats om deras upplevelser och tankar kring applåder och den klassiska konserten. Det empiriska material som skapats används som grund för en analys med hjälp av Bourdieus sociologiska begrepp fält, habitus och kapital, Ronald L. Grimes tankar kring det rituella fältet, samt övergripande ritualteori för att bidra med en djupare förståelse kring applåden i samband med den klassiska konserten. Applåden som ritual skapar social mening, signalerar uppskattning för det som publiken upplevt och bildar även en känsla av grupptillhörighet och solidaritet. Applåden upplevs vara viktig för att de som deltagit under konserten ska få utlopp för sina känslor och kommunicera detta mellan publik och musiker, och även sinsemellan den sittande publiken, särskilt i en miljö som kan upplevas som disciplinerad och stram. Traderingen av applådens praxis sker delvis genom misstag då en individ prövar sig fram i konsertupplevelsen, samt genom observation av erfarna i publiken. Presentatörer och andra nyckelpersoner kan bidra med en förklaring av en konsert innan den börjar för att underlätta för deltagarna, och det rika material som finns på olika konserthus hemsidor bidrar med en chans att låta den nyfikna förbereda sig innan den tar klivet in i en ny miljö. Även om det kan applåderas fel under en konsert så kan detta under vissa förutsättningar leda till en delad positiv upplevelse som på sikt kan leda till en lättad syn på applåden under den klassiska konserten.