Drawing on rigorous foreign, both Western and non-Western, literature, this thesis introduces sexuality and its connected spatial conceptualizations to Czech geography. In the beginning of the theoretical part, I discuss the framework under which geography studies sexuality. Then, I discuss the crucial terminology while pointing out at some changes in it. After understanding some of the major terminological issues, I delve into a description of the multiple and diverse development of sexuality related geographies. Focusing on queer geography, I delineate the queer standpoint and concentrate on understanding the spatial construction of sexuality in space while unveiling the heteronormativity of space. Using the queer approach, I implicitly deconstruct the binary of public and private space by pointing out at its spuriousness regarding the sexuality. I present a queer bar as a typical queer space while revealing the sexual closetedness of LGBTIQ people. Then I introduce the school environment as, for the time being, a typical heteronormative space and institution. In the end of the theoretical part, I discuss the queer practices of destabilizing heteronormativity both at school and in public space. In the empirical part of the thesis, I discuss the methodology of my internet based chain-referral...

Frågor om sexuell identitet, kön och genus blir allt mer diskuterad, accepterad och öppen bland dagens unga, på sociala medier och i samhället i stort. Kan skolverksamheten sägas hänga med i denna utveckling och tar de tillvara på elevers vilja att samtala om dessa frågor i litteraturundervisningen? Den kvalitativa studie som genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med både lärare och elever på gymnasieskolor har som syfte att synliggöra såväl lärares som elevers perspektiv på och attityder till frågor om sexuell identitet samt hur ett normkritiskt arbete kan genomföras med skönlitteratur som redskap. De forskningsfrågor som formulerats är: Hur beskriver lärare och elever den litteraturundervisning som bedrivs och i vilken utsträckning möjliggör den diskussioner kopplade till sexuell identitet? Vilka attityder synliggör elever då de talar om frågor om sexuell identitet? På vilka sätt kan lärare sägas arbeta normkritiskt inom ramen för litteraturundervisningen när det gäller frågor om sexualitet? För att analysera resultatet har teorier om litteraturdidaktik såväl som queerteori använts och visar att frågor om sexuell identitet får en obestämd roll i lärarnas litteraturundervisning. Det finns en öppenhet gällandet ämnet, men ansvaret för dess uttalade plats i klassrummet ligger hos eleverna. De attityder som eleverna synliggör är främst kopplade till generationsfrågor och belyser ett samband mellan normkritik och yngre åldrar. En normalisering gällande frågor om sexuell identitet kopplas till det faktum att generationer byts ut. Äldre, mer konservativa åsikter försvinner och ersätts med yngre, fördomsfria. Lärarnas arbete med normkritik är komplext och visar dels på en öppenhet, medvetenhet och vilja hos lärarna att inte endast belysa icke-heterosexuella sexualiteter och då framställa de som exotiska och annorlunda. De önskar att allt synliggörs på ett naturligt sätt. Trots detta ifrågasätts inte heterosexualitetens naturliga roll i undervisningen, utan förblir outtalad och osynlig. / The question about sexual identity, gender and sex is becoming increasingly discussed, accepted and open among today´s young people, on social media and in society at large. Can schools be said to keep up with this development and to they embrace students interest in discussing these said questions in literature teaching? The qualitative study conducted using semi-structures interviews with both teachers and students aims to illustrate both teachers’ and students’ views on and attitudes regarding sexual identity and how a norm critical work with fiction as a tool could take shape. The research questions asked are: How do teachers and students describe the literature teaching and to what extent does it enable discussions linked to sexual identity? What attitudes do students make visible while talking about sexual identity issues? In what ways can teachers be said to work norm-critical within the literature teaching regarding questions about sexual identity? In order to analyse the results, theories of literature didactics as well of queer theory has been used. The analyse shows that questions about sexual identity have an indefinite role in teachers’ literature teaching. There is an openness regarding the subject, but the responsibility for its place in the classroom lies with the students. Attitudes shown by the students attaches norm-critics to younger generations. The normalization of sexual identity issues is linked to the fact that generations is changing. Older generations and their conservative opinions disappears and are replaced with younger more open-minded ones. Teachers norm-critical work is complex. They show an openness, awareness and willingness to work with a variety of sexual identities in natural ways. Despite this, heterosexuality is given an natural role in literature teaching and is not questioned, but remains unspoken and invisible.

The thesis is focused on prevention of homophobic bullying that can result from homophobic and hetersosexist attitudes. It is based on action research in two peer groups in 8th grade classes. The empiric part included initial mapping of knowledge of students on various sexual and gender identities and their attitudes towards non-heterosexual people via questionnaires; development and implementation of a primary prevention programme on non-heterosexual identities, heteronormativity hompphobia and homophobic bullying; evaluation of the programme via questionnaires; and final evaluation of changes of attitudes of the target group. The theoretical part covers current knowledge on the main aspects of the research toppic (bullying, homophobic bullying at school environment and peer collectives) and the area of primary prevention of negative phonemena. It is based on concepts of homophobia, heterosexism and heteronormativity.

This thesis introduces sociolinguistic phenomenon called street compliment, that has not been studied much in Czech Republic. It is a form of a comment given in public places by unacquainted persons, most commonly by men to women but not exclusively. Based in the feminist tradition the research was realized as a set of semi-structured interviews with eight female participants. The research revealed how the participants understand the phenomenon and how the heteronormative configuration of society is being perpetuated. The interpretation of street compliment as a form of a compliment is based on the discourse of female atractiveness and a strong sexual drive at males. The street compliment can be used to express sexual interest, to perform masculinity or to perform identity overall. The street compliment as a display of masculine behaviour towards a legitimate target, that is to say attractive woman, refers to the use of street compliment as a mean of disciplination of female subjects. The participants agreed that they do not utter street compliments because of its convenience. Instead they would express their interest in a group of friends without exteriorizing it. On one side the participants create subversive discourses, however it is common to observe symbolic violence done to them, amongs other...

The basic concept of the thesis is an analysis of a TV programme "Q" broadcasted by the Czech Television. The programme surveys queer subculture not only in the Czech Republic but also abroad, deals with searching for identities across the genders and disrupts conventions stemming from values of the heteronormative society. The programme title refers directly to the concept of queer, which represents a social phenomenon bringing about gender and sexual diversity and plurality. The thesis looks at the genesis of the programme from its origins, to its production, its broadcasting and finally its cancellation and replacing with another format. The motivation and reasons of the production team and the management for carrying the programme through and including it in the broadcast programming is discussed here, as well as the related decision-making processes and production mechanisms or the way the authors use feminist theories and gender aspects in the programme. The thesis also takes into consideration the long-term development of the programme's ratings. The main working method is qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews with the programme's authors. In terms of media production the thesis deals with organizational practices in the programme's production.

Heteronormativity and norms concerning gender and sexuality are present in the entirety of Sweden, and their expressions are often wide and varied. This thesis studies the experiences of two upper secondary school teachers employed in Malmö through a case study in regards to work with gender and sexuality norms in religious studies. Additionally, how the pandemic COVID-19 and transit to digital teaching has affected work with gender and sexuality norms are explored. Using select parts of queer theory and thematic analysis, key components presented by the interviewees relating to work with gender and sexuality norms are identified and analyzed against the backdrop of previous research.

By using a poststructural discourse analysis, this study aims to investigate how the Swedish Armed Forces formulates the preventive work against discrimination due to sexual orientation and transgender identity or expression. The aim is to also bring knowledge of how the preventive work affect the work environment and the possible consequences for LGBTQ-people within the organisation.  The method “What’s the problem represented to be” by Carol Bacchi is used to analyse the chosen material of policies and qualitative interviews to find out what shapes the preventive work, how it has come about and the effects on different groups in the organisation. Theoretical concepts as hegemonic masculinity, queer, heteronormativity, peripheral inclusion and homonationalism is used as theoretical frame and applied throughout the method. This study shows preventive work tend to focus on Pride and attitudes, rather than questioning structures within the organisation. As result, the heteronormativity and hegemonic masculinity within the organisation is not disrupted and LGB-people in the organisation still perceive homophobic tendencies as part of the work environment.

[pt] A presente pesquisa examina imbricações entre performatividade e ideologia em relação à (re)produção de discursos heteronormativos sobre gêneros e sexualidades e maneiras de desestabilizar, ressignificar e subverter tais discursos limitadores. Nosso trabalho é guiado por um posicionamento queer que vê o gênero e a sexualidade como performances identitárias e não fatos naturais (BUTLER, [1990] 2003, [1993] 2002) e uma perspectiva linguística que considera as narrativas como uma maneira de intervir no social para mudar (ou reiterar) discursos ideológicos normatizantes e estigmatizantes (MOITA LOPES, 2008; THREADGOLD, 2005). Concentra-se sobre performances identitárias de gênero e sexualidade em narrativas digitais de praticantes de pegging, uma prática sexual na qual uma mulher usa um dildo segurado com um cinto para penetrar um homem (que se identifica como heterossexual) no ânus. O pegging é frequentemente alvo de preconceitos devido à associação ideológica heteronormativa entre o prazer anal dos homens e a homossexualidade (SÁEZ e CARRASCOSA, 2011) e à ideia que seja uma prática desviante relacionada com o BDSM (outro conjunto de práticas estigmatizadas) e, portanto, supostamente não íntimo. Nas narrativas e interações analisadas, fruto de uma etnografia virtual (HINE, 2000, 2005) na comunidade online Pegging 101, três temas principais surgiram: (1) as dificuldades dxs usuárixs em criar uma divisão nítida entre o que conta como pegging sensual ou BDSM, (2) visões diferentes da relação entre pegging e intimidade, incluindo a construção da intimidade a partir de compartilhar revelações ou de praticar a inversão de papéis e (3) problemas em lidar com a associação ideológica entre o prazer anal masculino e a homossexualidade. Embora o pegging tenha o potencial de ser uma prática subversiva que poderia contribuir para mudar concepções heteronormativas de gênero e sexualidade, nas narrativas a maioria dxs usuárixs da comunidade procurava ressignificar o pegging como uma prática normal, encaixando-o em discursos ideológicos heteronormativos sobre amor romântico e intimidade, e reforçava o binário de gênero e a masculinidade hegemônica. No processo de ressignificação, xs usuárixs da comunidade geralmente reiteravam certos discursos ideológicos heteronormativos na tentativa de subverter outros, particularmente, performando masculinidades que valorizavam a coragem ou a agressão como maneira de provar que não são homossexuais, ou reforçando estereótipos negativos sobre o BDSM nas suas tentativas de provar que o pegging pode ser algo íntimo. Desta maneira, ao estudar como discursos ideológicos heteronormativos são (re)produzidos performativamente nas narrativas digitais ao mesmo tempo que certas desestabilizações surgem, a presente pesquisa contribui para entender como fomentar uma política narrativa com mais discursos transgressores e menos reforços da heteronorma, produzindo mais rupturas e visibilizando possibilidades de discursos alternativos sobre gênero e sexualidade. / [en] The present study examines imbrications between performativity and ideology with regards to the (re)production of heteronormative discourses regarding gender and sexualities and to ways of destabilizing, resignifying and subverting such limiting discourses. Our research is guided by a queer position that sees gender and sexuality as identity performances and not natural facts (BUTLER, [1990] 2003, [1993] 2002) and a linguistic perspective that considers narratives to be a way of intervening in the social world in order to change (or reiterate) normalizing and stigmatizing ideological discourses (MOITA LOPES, 2008; THREADGOLD, 2005). It focuses on gender and sexuality identity performances in digital narratives of practitioners of pegging, a sexual practice in which a woman uses a strap-on dildo to penetrate the anus of a man (who identifies as heterosexual). Pegging is frequently the target of discrimination due to the ideological association between men s anal pleasure and homosexuality (SÁEZ e CARRASCOSA, 2011) and that idea that it is a deviant practice related to BDSM (another set of stigmatized practices) and, therefore, supposedly not intimate. In the narratives and interactions that were analyzed, stemming from virtual ethnography (HINE, 2000, 2005) in the online community Pegging 101, three principal topics emerged: (1) the users difficulties in creating a clear separation between what counts as sensual pegging or BDSM, (2) different views of the relationship between pegging and intimacy, including intimacy being created through revealing things about oneself or by practicing role reversal and (3) problems in dealing with the ideological association between male anal pleasure and homosexuality. Although pegging has the potential to be a subversive practice that could contribute to changing heteronormative conceptions of gender and sexuality, in their narratives, most of the community s users tried to resignify pegging as a normal practice, fitting it into ideological heteronormative discourses about romantic love and intimacy and reinforcing the gender binary and hegemonic masculinity. During the resignification process, the community s users usually reiterated certain heteronormative ideological discourses in their attempts to subvert others, in particular, by performing masculinities that valued courage or aggression as a way of proving they re not homosexual, or by reinforcing negative stereotypes about BDSM in their attempt to prove that pegging can be intimate. As such, by studying how heteronormative ideological discourses are performatively (re)produced at the same time as certain destabilizations emerge, this study contributes to understanding how to foster a narrative politics with more discourses that are transgressive and fewer ones that reinforce heteronormativity, creating more ruptures and visibilizing possibilities for alternative discourses about gender and sexuality.

[pt] A pesquisa intitulada Porque elas aparentam ser meninas ou agem como meninas: apagamento de identidades não-binárias em traduções do mangá Houseki no kuni analisa cinco traduções do referido mangá – duas traduções profissionais, uma para o inglês e uma para o francês; e três traduções amadoras, uma para o português, uma para o espanhol e uma para o inglês – e como essas lidaram com a não-binariedade dxs personagens. O objetivo foi examinar as maneiras nas quais ideologias hegemônicas de tradução e cis-heteronormativas podem levar ao apagamento de identidades LGBTQAI(mais). A análise dos dados demonstrou que todas as traduções para línguas neolatinas, assim como a tradução amadora para o inglês designaram um gênero axs personagens. No caso das línguas neolatinas, a análise dos meta e paratextos sugerem que o gênero gramatical dessas línguas desempenhou um papel importante no apagamento da não-binariedade de gênero. Contudo, também se verificou evidências da influência de ideologias cis-heteronormativas na escolha das estratégias tradutórias empregadas. Dentre as traduções analisadas, apenas a tradução profissional para o inglês não designou um gênero axs personagens. Contudo, a análise de fontes metatextuais revelou que ideologias de tradução relacionadas à ideia de fluência estavam por trás das estratégias tradutórias utilizadas, resultando em uma tradução que mantém a não-binariedade, porém, não a visibiliza. Ao estudar as ideologias cis-heteronormativas e de tradução que subjazem às estratégias tradutórias empregadas, a presente pesquisa contribui para entender como identidades LGBTQAI(mais) podem ser facilmente apagadas em traduções e propor formas de visibilizá-las a fim de combater a hegemonia cis-heteronormativa. / [en] The research entitled Because they look like girls or act like girls: erasure of non-binary identities in translations of the Houseki no kuni manga analyzes five translations of the referred manga - two professional translations, one into English and one into French ; and three amateur translations, one into Portuguese, one into Spanish and one into English - and how they dealt with the non-binary gender of the characters. The objective was to examine the ways in which cis-heteronormative ideologies and hegemonic translation ideologies can lead to the erasure of LGBTQAI (plus) identities. The analysis of the data showed that all the translations to Neo-Latin languages, as well as the amateur translation into English designated a gender to the characters. In the case of Neo-Latin languages, the analysis of meta and paratexts suggests that the grammatical gender of these languages played an important role in erasing the non-binary gender of the characters. However, there was also evidence of the influence of cis-heteronormative ideologies in the choice of translation strategies employed. Among the translations analyzed, only the professional translation into English did not designate a gender to the characters. However, the analysis of metatextual sources revealed that translation ideologies related to the idea of fluency were behind the translation strategies used, resulting in a translation that maintains the non-binary gender of the characters, but does not make it visible. By studying the cis-heteronormative and translation ideologies that underlie the translation strategies employed, this research contributes to understand how LGBTQAI (plus) identities can be easily erased in translations and propose ways to make them visible in order to fight cis-heteronormative hegemony.

I studien har jag tittat närmare på medlemmarnas i gaylaget Malmö Devilants tidigareidrottserfarenheter och idrottsbakgrund samt undersökt hur de konstruerar sitt lag vad gällernorm och manlighet. För att uppnå detta gjordes intervjuer med sex av medlemmarna somfick svara på frågor utifrån tre teman: idrottsbakgrund, vardagen i föreningen samt idrottensroll i deras liv. Genom att använda de teoretiska begreppen genus och heteronormativitet harjag därefter analyserat och synat svaren. Utifrån intervjuerna kunde utläsas att alla har olikaupplevelser av idrotten och att alla har någon form av tidigare idrottsbakgrund. Medlemmarnaser också sitt lag som en plats där det heteronormativa inte är den rådande normen, där de kanträffa likasinnade individer med likartade erfarenheter och på så sätt vara en i mängden.Genom att utöva en aktivitet som idrott bryter medlemmarna mot den stereotypa bilden av huren homosexuell man är och de upprätthåller då inte den uppdelning och gräns som ärbetydande för heteronormativiteten. Genussystemet och heteronormen med dess ideal för hurman ska vara för att betraktas som en ”riktig” man/kvinna innebär en begränsning somegentligen inte behöver finnas. Bryts dessa normer upp försvinner förmodligen också debegränsande idealen. / In this study I’ve been taking a closer look at the members of the gay team, Malmo Devilantsand their former sports experience, background in sports, and examined how they constructtheir team. To achieve this, interviews were made with six of the members who were asked toanswer questions based on three themes: background in sports, daily life in the team, and therole of sport in their lives. By using the theoretical concepts of gender and heteronormativity,I have analyzed the answers. Based on the interviews I could see that the members all havedifferent experiences of sport and that everyone has some form of previous sportingbackground. They also see their team as a place where the heteronormativity isn’t theprevailing norm, where members can meet like-minded individuals with similar experiencesand thus become one of the crowd. By exercising an activity such as sports challenge thestereotype of how a gay man is and the members do not maintain the division that issignificance for heteronormativity. The gender system and heteronormativity with its ideals ofhow to be to qualify as a “real” man/woman is a limitation that does not really need to exist.The more the norm and the system dissolves our notions of what is considered male or femalewill probably decrease.