Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:46:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizabeth Maria Ziliotto.pdf: 1833621 bytes, checksum: 111589cf2c08593bc429a09629d8368b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / This Master s dissertation is directly related to the context of my professional experience as an Educator at the Museum of the Portuguese Language MLP located in the Estação da Luz (train station), in the city of São Paulo. The MLP is, therefore, the object of this study. In this sense, I have defined this museum as a large and complex text that presents itself to be read by visitors. Its enunciators are the founders and organizers who conceived and implemented it: Roberto Marinho Foundation. The first readers of this text are the Educators who, in their professional activities, mediate the reading of such peculiar immaterial collection that has the Portuguese language as the theme of its text. The addressees, that is, the target audience of the reading mediated by the Educators, are teachers and students in the public education system. The reading project aims, then, to validate the efficacy/efficiency relation of the museum reading. In the present dissertation, I shall attempt to expose the different strategies used by the enunciator (Museum/Educator) to configure the theme in question the Portuguese language and present it as a collection on display. The study considers the notion of verbovisual language syncretism as a fundamental conception of text and an important mechanism of analysis that allows visitors to read, understand and interpret the senses produced by the diverse forms of communication used in the presentation of the museum collection. Peculiar characteristics of this text define a reading profile which is revealed through the text itself and through the strategies of the reading process of MLP s text. / Esta dissertação de Mestrado está diretamente relacionada ao contexto de minha atuação profissional como Educadora do Museu da Língua Portuguesa MLP , situado na Estação da Luz, na cidade de São Paulo. O MLP é, portanto, o objeto deste estudo. Nesse sentido, o Museu foi definido por mim como um grande e complexo texto que se apresenta para a leitura dos visitantes. Os enunciadores são os fundadores e organizadores que conceberam e implantaram o Museu: Fundação Roberto Marinho. Os primeiros leitores desse texto são os Educadores que, em sua atividade de trabalho, realizam a mediação da leitura do peculiar acervo imaterial, que tem a língua portuguesa como tema desse texto. Os enunciatários, isto é, o público alvo da leitura mediada pelos Educadores são professores e estudantes da rede pública de ensino. O projeto de leitura pretende, pois, validar a relação de eficácia/eficiência da leitura museal. Nesta dissertação, procuro mostrar as diferentes estratégias usadas pelo enunciador (Museu/Educador) para configurar o tema abordado: a língua portuguesa e apresentá-lo como acervo em exposição. O estudo aqui realizado tem na noção de sincretismo da linguagem verbovisual uma fundamental concepção de texto e um importante mecanismo de análise que permite ler, compreender e interpretar os sentidos produzidos pelas várias linguagens utilizadas para apresentação do conteúdo museal. As características peculiares desse texto definem um perfil de leitura, revelado pelo próprio texto e pelas estratégias do processo de leitura do texto MLP.

This project elucidated the explanatory model of dengue fever held by members of urban communities in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. The study was conducted over a four-month period from May-August of 2011, and it was divided into two stages. The first stage of the project consisted of volunteer participation with dengue fever surveillance brigades in the three communities with the highest incidence of dengue fever during the beginning of 2011. This initial stage employed participant observation as its research method. The second stage was conducted in a different community within Tegucigalpa. The primary research methods employed during the second stage of the project were participant observation, semi-structured questionnaires (n=18), and ethnographic surveys (n=32). The semi-structured questionnaires were conducted in three different low-socioeconomic status neighborhoods within the research community, and the ethnographic surveys were administered in a higher-socioeconomic status neighborhood within the same community. Participant observation was conducted in all four neighborhoods. The conceptions of dengue fever were evaluated across differing socio-economic statuses and the possibility of a folk characterization of dengue fever was investigated. The study also explored new avenues for prevention and assessed the impact of surveillance and informational campaigns. In significant aspects, the results from this study ran contrary to previous investigations on the topic (Kendall et al 1991); the results indicated that participants had an explanatory model of dengue fever very similar to the biomedical explanatory model. However, results also indicated that participants had a local-particular, etiological characterization of dengue fever that did not coincide with the biomedical explanatory model of dengue fever. In the latter respect, results were similar to those reported by Kendall et al (1991). Similarly, the participants in this study recognized poor communal cohesion and inadequate/inefficient governmental support or intervention as a prime promoter of dengue fever. The lack of communal cohesion and tension towards governmental authorities in relation to dengue fever has been described by Whiteford (1997). Finally, there were no apparent differences in the explanatory models held by low-socioeconomic status and high-socioeconomic status participants. This study contributes to the fields of anthropology and public health by 1) exploring differences in explanatory models across socio-economic status, 2) discussing local etiologies of dengue fever relating to dirt/filth, and 3) assessing local conceptions of dengue fever within the framework of a folk illness.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rios_thc_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1158351 bytes, checksum: 5319e048c0e025c8cca95de647f8199b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese propõe a descrição fraseográfica bilíngue de um conjunto de 277 idiomatismos nominais em português do Brasil em contraste com o espanhol peninsular. O primeiro capítulo destina-se à fundamentação teórica da Fraseologia, da Fraseografia e da Linguística Aplicada. O capítulo seguinte é dedicado à contribuição da Linguística de Corpus para a descrição fraseográfica dos idiomatismos. No capítulo III apresenta-se uma contraposição entre os postulados teóricos da Fraseografia e a descrição fraseográfica. Em seguida, encontra-se o capítulo destinado aos materiais e métodos empregados, bem como à explicitação das características macro e microestruturais do dicionário proposto. Apresenta-se ainda, no quinto capítulo, uma análise dos dados, com destaque para as particularidades recorrentes dos idiomatismos repertoriados. O último capítulo destina-se a um dos resultados alcançados, ou seja, a amostra do dicionário proposto. Nessa amostra, encontram-se, além dos idiomatismos em português brasileiro e dos respectivos equivalentes em espanhol peninsular, outras informações pertinentes, tais como o registro e o contexto de uso. Finalmente, estão as conclusões, com propostas para pesquisas futuras observadas ao longo deste trabalho. Espera-se que os resultados alcançados sejam úteis para a Fraseografia, para a elaboração de outras obras fraseográficas, para a elaboração de materiais para o ensino de espanhol como língua estrangeira e de ferramentas computacionais, ou ainda para o ensino de espanhol como língua estrangeira aos brasileiros / This thesis proposes the bilingual phraseographic description of a set of 277 noun idioms in Brazilian Portuguese in contrast with European Spanish. The first chapter aims at providing the theoretical background of Phraseology, Phraseography and Applied Linguistics. The following chapter is dedicated to the contribution from Corpus Linguistics to the description of idioms. In chapter III a comparison between the theoretical sources of Phraseography and phraseographic description is presented. The next chapter deals with the materials and methods used, as well as the explanation concerning both macro and microstructural features of the proposed dictionary. A data analysis focusing on the recurring particularities of the listed idioms is also presented in chapter V. The last chapter aims at one of the results achieved, that is to say, the sample of the proposed dictionary. In such sample, in addition to the idioms in Brazilian Portuguese and the respective equivalents in European Spanish, other concerning information such as register and context use can be found. Finally, the conclusions with suggestions for further research projects observed throughout this study are presented. It is also expected that the results achieved in this study are useful to Phraseography, to the elaboration of other phraseographic works, to the elaboration of materials for the teaching of Spanish as a second language and computational tools, or even to the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language to Brazilians

Topic of this diploma thesis is The Issue of Idioms at Upper Primary Schools. Phraseology is the integral part of daily communication that is why I decided to explore how pupils understand it. The theoretical part is based on publications of our leading linguists. The practical part studies not only the knowledge of idioms but also whether pupils understand it and if they are able to use them in sentences. The questionnaire consists of idioms, which have emerged as the examples in theoretical parts but also with the help of dictionaries of Czech phraseology and idioms.

The diploma thesis deals with analysis of chosen idioms whose main part contains designation of human body, also called somatisms. This paper focuses on designations of sensory organs organs of sight, sense of hearing, olfactory sense, sense of taste, sense of touch. Theoretical part is dedicated to the description of cognitive linguistics which amongst other issues, studies representation of human body in language. The first part of this diploma thesis is also focused on the description of phraseology as a field of science and theoretical definition of somatic phrases. The content of the practical part is analysis of data of The Czech National corpus which are compared with phrasal dictionaries. The main aim of the work consists in the description of whether and to what extent they are being applied in spoken language and written texts and if they are updated.

Orientador: Claudia Zavaglia / Banca: Claudia Maria Xatara / Banca: Maria Cristina Parreira da Silva / Banca: Odair Luiz Nadin da Silva / Banca: Paula Tavares Pinto Paiva / Resumo: Esta tese propõe a descrição fraseográfica bilíngue de um conjunto de 277 idiomatismos nominais em português do Brasil em contraste com o espanhol peninsular. O primeiro capítulo destina-se à fundamentação teórica da Fraseologia, da Fraseografia e da Linguística Aplicada. O capítulo seguinte é dedicado à contribuição da Linguística de Corpus para a descrição fraseográfica dos idiomatismos. No capítulo III apresenta-se uma contraposição entre os postulados teóricos da Fraseografia e a descrição fraseográfica. Em seguida, encontra-se o capítulo destinado aos materiais e métodos empregados, bem como à explicitação das características macro e microestruturais do dicionário proposto. Apresenta-se ainda, no quinto capítulo, uma análise dos dados, com destaque para as particularidades recorrentes dos idiomatismos repertoriados. O último capítulo destina-se a um dos resultados alcançados, ou seja, a amostra do dicionário proposto. Nessa amostra, encontram-se, além dos idiomatismos em português brasileiro e dos respectivos equivalentes em espanhol peninsular, outras informações pertinentes, tais como o registro e o contexto de uso. Finalmente, estão as conclusões, com propostas para pesquisas futuras observadas ao longo deste trabalho. Espera-se que os resultados alcançados sejam úteis para a Fraseografia, para a elaboração de outras obras fraseográficas, para a elaboração de materiais para o ensino de espanhol como língua estrangeira e de ferramentas computacionais, ou ainda para o ensino de espanhol como língua estrangeira aos brasileiros / Abstract: This thesis proposes the bilingual phraseographic description of a set of 277 noun idioms in Brazilian Portuguese in contrast with European Spanish. The first chapter aims at providing the theoretical background of Phraseology, Phraseography and Applied Linguistics. The following chapter is dedicated to the contribution from Corpus Linguistics to the description of idioms. In chapter III a comparison between the theoretical sources of Phraseography and phraseographic description is presented. The next chapter deals with the materials and methods used, as well as the explanation concerning both macro and microstructural features of the proposed dictionary. A data analysis focusing on the recurring particularities of the listed idioms is also presented in chapter V. The last chapter aims at one of the results achieved, that is to say, the sample of the proposed dictionary. In such sample, in addition to the idioms in Brazilian Portuguese and the respective equivalents in European Spanish, other concerning information such as register and context use can be found. Finally, the conclusions with suggestions for further research projects observed throughout this study are presented. It is also expected that the results achieved in this study are useful to Phraseography, to the elaboration of other phraseographic works, to the elaboration of materials for the teaching of Spanish as a second language and computational tools, or even to the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language to Brazilians / Doutor

The aim of this study has been to analyse metaphorical strings which have been interpreted literally, a process referred to as metaphor reversal. This was first described by Löflund (1999:18) and the specific term was later coined by Alm-Arvius (2006:6). Metaphor reversal is basically a subcategory of the broader term polysemy punning. When a metaphor unexpectedly is interpreted literally, a humorous effect takes place and a pun is created. Especially if the metaphorisation in question has an entrenched figurative meaning, the unexpectedness of the literal interpretation is greater and the pun more obvious. The examples of these puns exploiting metaphor reversal have been taken from films featuring the verbal comedian Groucho Marx (GM), who frequently used this type and other kinds of puns in his films. The terms internal and external metaphor, coined by Alm-Arvius (2003:78), have been used in order to distinguish between two different types of metaphorisations. Internal metaphor refers to metaphors with obvious internal collocational clashes and external metaphor refers to metaphors without such clashes, which can thus be given a literal as well as a figurative reading. However, this is not a clear-cut distinction and occasional overlapping between the two categories is common. Therefore, a continuum has been given which shows the overlapping category ‘more figurative external metaphors’. These are metaphors without collocational clashes, but with entrenched figurative meanings which make them metaphorical and not literal. GM does not only revert external metaphors; he also reverts internal metaphors although this category contains collocational clashes which should make a literal interpretation impossible. Internal metaphor puns tend to be more absurd than external metaphor puns due to the collocational clashes which make the literal interpretation less probable. Reverted external metaphors are referred to as REM and reverted internal metaphors as RIM. Most examples analysed are metaphorisations with idiom status with clearly preferred figurative meanings. Consequently, their figurative meanings are deeply entrenched and should not be altered. However, these figurative meanings are altered by GM in his punning; they are reverted and interpreted literally. This indicates that one of the few occasions when it is accepted or even possible to interpret a metaphorical idiom literally is in punning.

L’objet de ces recherches est d’étudier un moyen d’expression, de communication, de résistance, de mobilisation, de contestation, de revendication et d’affirmation identitaire, qui, dans une Algérie aux multiples facettes et aux diverses attaches où le substrat culturel est massivement investit par l’oralité, a constitué pour une grande partie de la population algérienne, durant les années 1990, un exutoire indispensable au maintient d’un équilibre individuel et collectif fortement compromis par un déferlement de violence sans précédent dans l’histoire de l’Algérie indépendante, une possibilité non négligeable d’affirmation de soi mais aussi et surtout une tribune d’où s’est élevé un discours populaire de substitution au discours dominant du pouvoir et celui dominateur des extrémistes religieux : la chanson. En effet, charriant les sentiments et les ressentiments d’une population prise en étau entre terrorisme et répression et dont la parole est exclue des circuits officiels, transgressant les interdits, réfutant l’uniformisation culturelle officiellement imposée en revendiquant une culture et une identité plurielles, les chansons algériennes des années 1990 se présentent comme un vecteur majeur de contestation et de diversité, un moyen de communication à part entière qu’il s’agit d’appréhender en le reliant à l’ensemble du système dont il participe. / The object of those researches is to study in a country where the cultural substratum is massively invested by the oral character, a way of expression, of communication, of resistance, of mobilization, of contestation, of claiming and affirmation of their identity, that was constituted by a great part of the Algerian population, an indispensable outlet to the maintenance of an individual and collective equilibrium strongly compromised, but also and mostly a non negligible possibility of self affirmation : the song. In deed, carrying feelings and resentments of a population taken between terrorism and repression and whose speech is excluded of the official circuits, denouncing the violence of the religious extremism like the abuses and the deficiencies of the power in place, transgressing the interdicts and the taboos, claiming a plural culture and identity, the Algerian songs of the 1990 are a vector of contestation and diversity, a real way of communication that we have to apprehend by linking it to the whole system of which it participates.

In the present investigation, 99 compulsory school students in Sweden were asked to define nine English idioms chosen for their variation in inherent transparency and frequency. The participants were divided into two groups, where Group 2 was provided with context of varying degrees of support, while Group 1 was not. All students answered a biographical questionnaire. Thus, the effects of intrinsic (transparency and frequency) and extrinsic factors (contextual support, extra-curricular activities (ECAs) and age) could be examined. Results show that transparency and frequency do affect idiom comprehension, but to a much lesser extent than context. A tentative correlation between more time spent on ECAs and high scores could be found as well as between active/passive activities and high/low scores. Age did not seem to affect the participants’ idiom comprehension.

Syftet med denna undersökning är att identifiera förekomsten av normbrytande användningar av idiom, kollokationer, prepositioner, anglicismer och ordval i gymnasieelevernas texter. Materialet består av 54 texter skrivna av 29 flickor och 25 pojkar med svenska som modersmål i årskurs ett och två på gymnasiet. Normbrotten har, genom en innehållsanalys, beräknats på antal fel per 100 ord för att göra en rättvis analys i förhållande till den textmassa som respektive kön har producerat. Resultaten visar att samtliga elever i genomsnitt gör 0,262 fel per 100 ord. Resultaten visar även att fel gällande kollokationer och ordval är mest frekvent förekommande. Därefter har kategorierna prepositionsfel följt av idiom flest fel per 100 ord. Det språkliga normbrott som förekommer mest sällan är oetablerade anglicismer. Det konstateras även att det finns en skillnad mellan könen eftersom flickor och pojkar har olika svårt för olika kategorier, men även att pojkar har flest fel per 100 ord i 4 av 5 kategorier. Slutligen visar undersökningen att flickor i årskurs två gör fler fel än flickor i årskurs ett.