Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-19T11:50:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mattoso2012.pdf: 911940 bytes, checksum: 805a11ed2f72c6a7be389b0934802eb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Research about the informative potential of the audio description applied the two-dimensional works of visual arts as sonorous representation of the Information in Art for visually impaired people. Developed by means of a hybrid methodology composed by the approaches of the Evidential Paradigm, the Research-Action and on the basis of the Structural Model for Researches in Plastic Arts and in the Directives of the audio description for Samples and Museums it unfolded in methodological procedures in the which the researcher participated of diverse actions integrated to others agents. The inquiry sets out the extrinsic and inherent aspects of the audio description, considering the dimensions of accessibility physical, methodological, instrumental, communicative, programmatic and of attitudes by which means, the works of art, after being analyzed as sources of information and encoded in structure to assist, they become accessible and available to be accessed. A theoretical study about the stream informational audio description, carried out from the theoretical bases of the Information Science mainly of the Information in Art maintained the structure of the first exposition of two-dimensional works of visual arts with audio description that took place in the State of the Rio de Janeiro. The results of the research refute the distrust and the ignorance as to the informative potential that exists in the access of the visually impaired people to twodimensional standards and reveal contribution of the audio description for the Information Science. As byproduct of the research, documentary was created with content elements that composed the exposition, including the audio description, with plans for the future creation of the first Brazilian database of free access to audio descriptions of two-dimensional works of visual arts / Pesquisa sobre o potencial informativo da áudio-descrição aplicada a obras de artes visuais bidimensionais como representação sonora da Informação em Arte para pessoas com deficiência visual. Desenvolvida por meio de uma metodologia híbrida composta pelos métodos do Paradigma Indiciário, da Pequisa-Ação e com base no Modelo Estrutural para Pesquisas em Artes Plásticas e nas Diretrizes da Áudio-descrição para Mostras e Museus desdobrou-se em procedimentos metodológicos nos quais a pesquisadora participou de diversas ações integrada a outros agentes. A investigação explicita os aspectos intrínsecos e extrínsecos da áudio-descrição, levando-se em consideração as dimensões de acessibilidade física, metodológica, instrumental, comunicacional, programática e atitudinal, por meio dos quais as obras de arte após analisadas como fonte de informação e codificadas em estrutura assistiva são tornadas acessíveis e acessáveis. Um estudo teórico sobre o fluxo informacional da áudio-descrição, realizado a partir dos construtos teóricos da Ciência da Informação principalmente da Informação em Arte sustentou a estrutura da primeira exposição de obras de artes visuais bidimensionais com áudio-descrição realizada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados da pesquisa refutam a desconfiança e a ignorância a respeito do potencial informativo que existe no acesso das pessoas com deficiência visual a padrões bidimensionais e revelam contribuição da áudio-descrição para a Ciência da Informação. Como subproduto da pesquisa foi estruturado um conteúdo documentário formado por elementos que compuseram a exposição, inclusive áudio-descrições, objetivando a criação futura da primeira base de dados brasileira de acesso livre a áudio-descrições de obras de artes visuais bidimensionais

Textual Entailment vise à capturer les principaux besoins d'inférence sémantique dans les applications de Traitement du Langage Naturel. Depuis 2005, dans la Textual Entailment reconnaissance tâche (RTE), les systèmes sont appelés à juger automatiquement si le sens d'une portion de texte, le texte - T, implique le sens d'un autre texte, l'hypothèse - H. Cette thèse nous nous intéressons au cas particulier de l'implication, l'implication de généralité. Pour nous, il ya différents types d'implication, nous introduisons le paradigme de l'implication textuelle en généralité, qui peut être définie comme l'implication d'une peine spécifique pour une phrase plus générale, dans ce contexte, le texte T implication Hypothèse H, car H est plus générale que T.Nous proposons des méthodes sans surveillance indépendante de la langue de reconnaissance de l'implication textuelle par la généralité, pour cela, nous présentons une mesure asymétrique informatif appelée Asymmetric simplifié InfoSimba, que nous combinons avec différentes mesures d'association asymétriques à reconnaître le cas spécifique de l'implication textuelle par la généralité.Cette thèse, nous introduisons un nouveau concept d'implication, les implications de généralité, en conséquence, le nouveau concept d'implications de la reconnaissance par la généralité, une nouvelle orientation de la recherche en Traitement du Langage Naturel. / Textual Entailment aims at capturing major semantic inference needs across applications in Natural Language Processing. Since 2005, in the Textual Entailment recognition (RTE) task, systems are asked to automatically judge whether the meaning of a portion of text, the Text - T, entails the meaning of another text, the Hypothesis - H. This thesis we focus a particular case of entailment, entailment by generality. For us, there are various types of implication, we introduce the paradigm of Textual Entailment by Generality, which can be defined as the entailment from a specific sentence towards a more general sentence, in this context, the Text T entailment Hypothesis H, because H is more general than T. We propose methods unsupervised language-independent for Recognizing Textual Entailment by Generality, for this we present an Informative Asymmetric Measure called the Simplified Asymmetric InfoSimba, which we combine with different asymmetric association measures to recognizingthe specific case of Textual Entailment by Generality.This thesis, we introduce the new concept of implication, implications by generality, in consequence, the new concept of recognition implications by generality, a new direction of research in Natural Language Processing.

The purpose of this thesis was to, in a selected municipality, examine the position of bibliotherapy in reading groups in public libraries. To attain the purpose of the thesis the following questions were asked; What opinions does the librarians in the existing reading groups have on bibliotherapy? What kind of bibliotherapeutic elements exist in the investigated reading groups? Can the reading groups have bibliotherapeutic elements regardless if they were planned for such purposes? Could bibliotherapy be relevant to the public libraries work with the target group mental disabilities in accordance to library law? As a method seven semi-structured qualitative scientific interviews were conducted alongside one web survey. Six of the interviews were implemented with librarians in public libraries and one with two trained bibliotherapists at a hospital library. The theory used was Elizabeth Brewster’s development of Caroline Shrode’s three phases identification, catharsis and insight, where bibliotherapy is divided into four overlapping kinds of bibliotherapy: emotive bibliotherapy, informative bibliotherapy, social bibliotherapy and escapist bibliotherapy. The results show that there are distinct observations of Shrodes three phases in one of the reading groups that fit the description of Brewsters emotive bibliotherapy. In the librarians’ description of the rest of the reading groups, several elements of social, informative and escapist bibliotherapy can also be found. However, in those groups a clear identification of Shrodes theoretical phases are much more elusive, even if there are some similarities. The reading groups’ content of bibliotherapeutic elements appears to be, to some extent, independent of the librarians’ knowledge of bibliotherapeutic terms and denominations. Bibliotherapeutic work seems to be close to unknowingly performed by the librarians in the reading groups, which none the less does not seem to affect its efficiency. Further knowledge about bibliotherapy is assessed to be beneficial to the reading groups in public libraries, which in turn would contribute to the fulfilling of the goals in library law.

<div><div>In the forensic science community, there is a vast need for tools to help assist investigations when standard DNA profiling methods are uninformative. Methods such as Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP) and proteomics aims to help this problem and provide aid in investigations when other methods have been exhausted. FDP is useful by providing physical appearance information, while proteomics allows for the examination of difficult samples, such as hair, to infer human identity and ancestry. To create a “biological eye witness” or develop informative probability of identity match statistics through proteomically inferred genetic profiles, it is necessary to constantly strive to improve these methods. </div><div><br></div><div>Currently, two developmentally validated FDP prediction assays, ‘HIrisPlex’ and ‘HIrisplex-S’, are used on the capillary electrophoresis to develop a phenotypic prediction for eye, hair, and skin color based on 41 variants. Although highly useful, these assays are limited in their ability when used on the CE due to a 25 variant per assay cap. To overcome these limitations and expand the capacities of FDP, we successfully designed and validated a massive parallel sequencing (MPS) assay for use on both the ThermoFisher Scientific Ion Torrent and Illumina MiSeq systems that incorporates all HIrisPlex-S variants into one sensitive assay. With the migration of this assay to an MPS platform, we were able to create a semi-automated pipeline to extract SNP-specific sequencing data that can then be easily uploaded to the freely accessible online phenotypic prediction tool (found at https://hirisplex.erasmusmc.nl) and a mixture deconvolution tool with built-in read count thresholds. Based on sequencing reads counts, this tool can be used to assist in the separation of difficult two-person mixture samples and outline the confidence in each genotype call.<br></div><div><br></div><div>In addition to FDP, proteomic methods, specifically in hair protein analysis, opens doors and possibilities for forensic investigations when standard DNA profiling methods come up short. Here, we analyzed 233 genetically variant peptides (GVPs) within hair-associated proteins and genes for 66 individuals. We assessed the proteomic methods ability to accurately infer and detect genotypes at each of the 233 SNPs and generated statistics for the probability of identity (PID). Of these markers, 32 passed all quality control and population genetics criteria and displayed an average PID of 3.58 x 10-4. A population genetics assessment was also conducted to identify any SNP that could be used to infer ancestry and/or identity. Providing this information is valuable for the future use of this set of markers for human identification in forensic science settings. </div></div><div><br></div>

Problemformulering och syfte: Hållbarhet och miljövänliga produkter har under senare år blivit ett viktigt samtalsämne, inte minst när det gäller produktion och konsumtion av livsmedel. FN tog år 2015 fram 17 globala mål för hållbar utveckling, med ambitionen att uppnå social, ekologisk och ekonomisk hållbarhet. I en mindre kontext har detta påverkat hur företag ska upprätta en hållbar verksamhet. De regelverk som finns inom området gäller större företag. Syftet med denna uppsats är därför att skapa en uppfattning om hur mindre livsmedelsföretag arbetar med implementering av hållbarhet med hjälp av styrmedel. Studien ska öka förståelsen för vilka utmaningar mindre livsmedelsföretag ställs inför när det gäller att implementera hållbar utveckling och hur de använder sig av styrmedel för att föra verksamheten och dess aktörer i en gemensam riktning mot ett företagsamt ansvarstagande. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ tvärsnittsstudie med abduktiv ansats. Empirin har samlats in med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer och observationer. Slutsatser: Genom tolkning av empirin har vi kommit fram till ett flertal slutsatser, bland annat att butikernas tillvägagångssätt gällande hållbarhetsarbetet till stor del beror på om koncernen är centralstyrd eller decentraliserad. Även att styrmedlen är viktiga i implementeringen av hållbarhetsarbetet, speciellt de informella och informativa när det gäller att inspirera sin personal och omvärld. De svårigheter som förekommer beror dels på lagar och regler, men också på en låg efterfrågan på hållbara produkter från kunderna. / Problem statement &amp; purpose: Sustainability and environmentally friendly products have become an important topic in the last years, primarily when it comes to production and consumption of food. In 2015, the UN presented seventeen global goals for sustainable development, which have the ambition to achieve social, environmental, and economical sustainability. In a smaller context, affects how companies should work sustainably. In an early stage in the study, we discovered that national regulations of establishing sustainability apply to larger companies. Therefore, the purpose of the study focus on answering how smaller grocery stores implements ecologic, economic, and social sustainability within their organization by control means and the challenges may arise. Method: This is a qualitative cross-sectional study with an abductive approach. The empirical section is conducted from semi-structured interviews and observations. Conclusions: Interpretation of the material has led the study to several conclusions, among others that the store's course of action when it comes to the sustainability work depends on whether the business group's management control is centralized or decentralized. As well that the control means are important to implement sustainability, especially the informal and informative ones when it comes to inspiring staff and the rest of society. Also, that challenges in maintaining and developing sustainability are due to laws and regulations, but also a low demand for sustainable products from customers.

I takt med coronaviruspandemin arbetade myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) med att utveckla information om coronaviruset. En del av den nya informationen publicerades på krisinformation.se. Informationen som fanns på krisinformation.se var överlag textbaserad. I det här arbetet har jag utifrån ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt arbetat med att göra delar av den textbaserade informationen multimodal, men med särskild hänsyn till de med dyslexi. Syftet är att med en informationsvideo visualisera textbaserad information på ett multimodalt sätt. Målet med arbetet var att utforma ett gestaltningsförslag som informerar och engagerar betraktaren till att vilja bromsa takten som smittspridningen sprider sig på. I ett försök att uppnå syftet och målet utformades följande frågeställning: Hur tillgängliggörs information med illustrationer och animationer i en informationsvideo? Frågeställningen besvarades genom att samla empiri utifrån en ikonologisk analys av en befintlig informationsvideo. Vidare utformades ett gestaltningsförslag som testades vid två tillfällen via intervjuer. Vid det första tillfället testades en storyboard och vid det andra tillfället testades en informationsvideo. Vid utformandet av gestaltningsförslaget var kognitions- och retorik-teori av särskild stor betydelse.  Det främsta fyndet är att de med dyslexi inte verkar ha några större problem med att ta till sig information som kommuniceras med illustrationer, animationer och ljud i en informationsvideo. / In line with the coronavirus pandemic, the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) worked to develop information about the coronavirus. Some of the new information was published on krisinformation.se. The information found on krisinformation.se was generally text-based. In this essay I have worked on making parts of the text-based information multimodal with a qualitative approach, but with a special attention to those with dyslexia. The purpose is to visualize text-based information in a multimodal way with an information video. The goal was to create a design proposal that can inform and engages the viewer to slow down the spread of infection. In order to achieve the purpose, the following question was designed: How is information made available with illustrations and animations in an information video? The question was answered by collecting empirical data based on an iconological analysis of an existing explainer video. Furthermore, I created a design proposal that was tested on two occasions via interviews. On the first occasion, a storyboard was tested and on the second occasion an information video was tested. When designing the design proposal, cognition- and rhetoric-theory was of particular importance.  The main finding is that those with dyslexia do not seem to have any major problems in acquiring information that is communicated with illustrations, animations and sounds in an information video.

The realm of autonomous robotics has seen impressive advancements in recent years, with robots taking on essential roles in various sectors, including disaster response, environmental monitoring, agriculture, and healthcare. As these highly intelligent machines continue to integrate into our daily lives, the pressing imperative is to elevate and refine their performance, enabling them to adeptly manage complex tasks with remarkable efficiency, adaptability, and keen decision-making abilities, all while prioritizing safety-aware navigation, mapping, and control systems. Ensuring the safety-awareness of these robotic systems is of paramount importance in their development and deployment. In this research, bio-inspired neural networks, nature-inspired intelligence, deep learning, heuristic algorithm and optimization techniques are developed for safety-aware autonomous robots navigation, mapping and control. A bio-inspired neural network (BNN) local navigator coupled with dynamic moving windows (DMW) is developed in this research to enhance obstacle avoidance and refines safe trajectories. A hybrid model is proposed to optimize trajectory of the global path of a mobile robot that maintains a safe distance from obstacles using a graph-based search algorithm associated with an improved seagull optimization algorithm (iSOA). A Bat-Pigeon algorithm (BPA) is proposed to undertake adjustable speed navigation of autonomous vehicles in light of object detection for safety-aware vehicle path planning, which can automatically adjust the speed in different road conditions. In order to perform effective collision avoidance in multi-robot task allocation, a spatial dislocation scheme is developed by introduction of an additional dimension for UAVs at different altitudes, whereas UAVs avoid collision at the same altitude using a proposed velocity profile paradigm. A multi-layer robot navigation system is developed to explore row-based environment. A directed coverage path planning (DCPP) fused with an informative planning protocol (IPP) method is proposed to efficiently and safely search the entire workspace. A human-autonomy teaming strategy is proposed to facilitate cooperation between autonomous robots and human expertise for safe navigation to desired areas. Simulation, comparison studies and on-going experimental results of optimization algorithms applied for autonomous robot systems demonstrate their effectiveness, efficiency and robustness of the proposed methodologies.

In recent years, social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook have emerged as effective tools for broadcasting messages worldwide during disaster events. With millions of messages posted through these services during such events, it has become imperative to identify valuable information that can help the emergency responders to develop effective relief efforts and aid victims. Many studies implied that the role of social media during disasters is invaluable and can be incorporated into emergency decision-making process. However, due to the "big data" nature of social media, it is very labor-intensive to employ human resources to sift through social media posts and categorize/classify them as useful information. Hence, there is a growing need for machine intelligence to automate the process of extracting useful information from the social media data during disaster events. This dissertation addresses the following questions: In a social media stream of messages, what is the useful information to be extracted that can help emergency response organizations to become more situationally aware during and following a disaster? What are the features (or patterns) that can contribute to automatically identifying messages that are useful during disasters? We explored a wide variety of features in conjunction with supervised learning algorithms to automatically identify messages that are useful during disaster events. The feature design includes sentiment features to extract the geo-mapped sentiment expressed in tweets, as well as tweet-content and user detail features to predict the likelihood of the information contained in a tweet to be quickly spread in the network. Further experimentation is carried out to see how these features help in identifying the informative tweets and filter out those tweets that are conversational in nature.

Die Bachelorarbeit dokumentiert die Entwicklung eines computerbasierten Lernangebots zum Thema „Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland“, welches als Untersuchungsmaterial in einer experimentellen Studie eingesetzt werden soll. Das Lernziel der Probanden ist, so viel wie möglich über Gesetze und Bestimmungen der Gesundheitsreform herauszufinden, um die Aufgabenbearbeitung und Lernzielerreichung erfolgreich zu absolvieren. Der erste Teil stellt die pädagogisch-psychologisch fundierte theoretische Konzeption eines computerbasierten Lernangebots dar. Dabei werden zunächst theoretische Grundlagen zum E-Learning, Instruktionsdesign, selbstgesteuerten Lernen und unterstützenden Lernaktivitäten gelegt. Danach erfolgt die Vorstellung von Lern- und Testaufgaben als eine Möglichkeit der Selbstregulation. Dabei wird besonders auf die formalen Aspekte von Aufgaben, das Generieren von Lehrzielen sowie die Konstruktion von fehlerbasiertem Feedback eingegangen. Im zweiten Teil erfolgt die darauf aufbauende praktische Umsetzung: Auf Basis des konzipierten Instruktionsdesigns erfolgt die Erarbeitung von Lernaktivitäten, welche von den Versuchspersonen zur Selbststeuerung ihrer Lernprozesse genutzt werden können. Dafür werden insbesondere Lernaufgaben zur fakultativen selbstständigen Wissensüberprüfung sowie Testaufgaben zur Erfassung des Wissenszuwachses konstruiert. Im Anhang sind die zum Thema „Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland“ entwickelten Lehrziele, konstruierten Aufgaben und dazugehöriges Feedback enthalten.

En alltmer globaliserad och konkurrensutsatt ekonomi har de senaste decennierna krävt ökad flexibilitet på arbetsmarknaden. Tidigare forskning har uppmärksammat hur förändringarna påverkar anställdas attityder och välbefinnande i olika sektorer. Anställningsotrygghet, det vill säga oron över att förlora arbetet eller att arbetssituationen ska försämras, är ett väldokumenterat fenomen som visat sig ha negativ påverkan på psykisk hälsa. Få studier har dock undersökt anställningsotrygghet inom vård och omsorg. Syftet med föreliggande tvärsnittsstudie var att undersöka relationen mellan trygghet och otrygghet i anställningen, organisatorisk rättvisa samt copingstrategier för vård- och omsorgspersonal. Anställda inom kommunal vård och omsorg i Västerbotten (n = 205) besvarade en enkät om deras nuvarande anställning, arbetssituation och hur de hanterar problem kopplade till arbetet. Svarsfrekvensen uppskattades vara 12 %. Regressionsanalyserna visade att anställningstid minskar kvantitativ men inte kvalitativ anställningsotrygghet i vår data. Därtill fann vi ett negativt samband mellan anställningsotrygghet och organisatorisk rättvisa samt ett positivt samband mellan anställningsotrygghet och undvikande coping. Tvärtemot tidigare forskning fann studien inget samband mellan anställningstrygghet och problemlösande eller emotionsfokuserad coping. Sammantaget stödjer delar av resultatet tidigare forskning och belyser vikten av att studera anställningsotrygghet för yrkesgrupper med olika arbetsvillkor. / The labor market has changed dramatically during the last decades due to increased globalization and competition, and thus consequently increased the demands of flexibility. Thus, previous studies have examined the effects on employees’ attitudes and well-being in different sectors of the labor market. The negative impact of job insecurity – i.e worrying about potential job loss or loss of valued job features – on mental health is well established in the academic field of psychology. The purpose of the present thesis was therefore to investigate the relationship between job insecurity, organizational justice and coping mechanisms for health care workers in the public sector by using a cross-sectional study design. Municipality workers in Västerbotten (n = 205) answered a questionnaire concerning their current employment, work environment and how they cope with problems at work. The estimated response rate was 12 %. The regression analysis showed a statistically significant decrease of quantitative but not qualitative job insecurity in relation to job tenure. Furthermore, the results showed a negative correlation between job insecurity and organizational justice, and a positive correlation between job insecurity and avoidant coping. However, contrary to our hypothesis and previous studies no relationship was detected between job insecurity and problem-solving or emotion-focused coping. The results of this study partly supports the findings of previous research. Nevertheless it highlights the importance of research on job insecurity for employeesin different sectors with varying conditions.