The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the concept of a work and the problems with its definition and will also examine bibliographic relationships. The main question is what are the boundaries of a work and at what point a work becomes another. What is the meaning of the concept of a work within the context of the library? What are the solutions of bibliographic relationships and the concept of a work in KRS and FRBR? The thesis is based on a literature review. In the literature I have examined the discussions of the work and bibliographic relationships. I made a comparison between the Swedish cataloguing standard of today, KRS, the suggestion of future cataloguing, FRBR and the catalogue of the Düben Collection. The empirical examples were taken from the Düben Collection, which contains musical works of the Swedish Royal Court from the 17th and early 18th century. The collection has been available since 2006 in a database catalogue on the Internet. I have examined works of six composers, which exist in the catalogue in at least two manifestations. The result of this study shows that the problem with the boundaries of a work is not solved and this is a subjective problem. Cataloguing performed according to the KRS, collocate different versions of a work and its related works, using uniform titles and bibliographic relationships. FRBR offers great opportunities to collocate the different versions of a work, but it is still a suggestion, implemented in just a few web-based resources. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Sweden is today often defined as a multicultural society. The implications on organizing and providing information in public libraries are many, since the systems presently used in the western hemisphere are not adapted to multi-cultural information. This thesis aims to outline ethical and practical problems that arise when organising and providing information concerning cultures other than western, and not least, when dealing with material in other scripts. With this theoretical framework the thesis examines the website of the International Library in Stockholm, a website built to serve users of different languages and scripts than Swedish. The research questions in this thesis are: 1, what specific problems can be distinguished within library work in a multicultural and multilingual environment? 2, what problems and needs were considered in the creation and design of the International Library’s website? And 3, can examples of problems and possible solutions of these be seen in the information and it’s organisation on the International Library’s website? The empiric material consists of the International Library’s website, and interviews with three informants involved in developing it. The study of the website has been conducted in two parts; in the first I have examined what kind of information has been made available on the website and how this connects to the library’s mission. The second part is a study of the material that has become searchable on the website, on how it is searchable, how it is classified and catalogued, and what kind of information is included in the records of the catalogue. The result of the thesis is that both practical and ideological problems arise in information organization and -provision in other languages and scripts. These problems can result in difficulties for users to find the information they need, an effect that in turn counters the thought of everybody’s equal right to public libraries and the information they provide. The study of the website shows the possibilities and limitations of providing multicultural and multilingual library services on the web.

We believed that knowledge organisation of manga and manhwa with homosexual (including lesbian) themes might be a challenge for Swedish public libraries. One of the reasons for this is that these themes in manga and manhwa usually occur in genres not directed towards an LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) audience. To see how Swedish public libraries treat such titles and why they treat them as they do, we examined a selection of public libraries, their collections, acquisitions, cataloguing and shelving of relevant titles. The theory used is mainly Grant Campbell’s binarisms, subject access to LGBTQ literature and critical analysis of knowledge organisation. Three methods were utilised: online directory searches, a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with librarians. We found a number of relevant titles. Among the selection criterions used, librarians mentioned acquisition requests and title reviews. Several libraries did not perform original cataloguing or did not use subject headings indicating homosexual themes. Some of the subject headings used to indicate such themes were manga terms, others were terms directed towards users seeking literature with homosexual themes. Shelving practises varied slightly, depending, among other things, on what librarians perceived to be the target audience. Some libraries displayed titles with homosexual themes during occasions such as pride festivals. Overall, the libraries we examined claimed not to give any special treatment to titles with homosexual themes. How much work the librarians put into facilitating searches for these titles varied by their personal interest and time available.

In this thesis, the TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) encoding scheme is investigated as a system for storing metadata about manuscript material and 18th century first prints in the Swedenborg Archives at the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences. The aim of the study is to test the functionality of TEI as a metadata system in cataloguing a special collection. Some criteria of functionality are formulated, and examples of encoded catalogue entries are described and analysed. It is demonstrated how descriptive metadata have been registered within the TEI header, while structural metadata have been recorded within the text element of the TEI file. On the whole, TEI is considered to be a functional tool that matches the present purposes. Some weaknesses are pointed to, however: For example, the TEI encoding scheme is not perceived to be fully satisfying for presenting descriptive metadata about manuscripts and prints in the same volume, and, moreover, it is not considered fully appropriate for describing abstract logical text structure in relation to the physical structure of the document. Lastly, TEI is compared to two other metadata systems, the AACR2, ch. 4, and AMREMM. A general conclusion is that the TEI offers a set of guidelines that can easily be adapted to specific needs, while a system for cataloguing in a more proper sense must also contain a set of rules concerning what categories of data are to be included, and in what form it is to be done. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The aim of this thesis is to describe and compare the cataloguing rules for sound recordings: the rules used by a specialised archive and common libraries respectively. We will put the rules in relation to purposes (the objectives of a bibliographic system) and principles (directives that guide the construction of a bibliographic language). The first question to be answered is in which way the set of rules used by a specialised archive differ from the one used by common libraries. The second question examines if and how the differences can be derived from purposes and principles. The sets of rules studied are KRS (chapter 6) and the Swedish version of the IASA Cataloguing Rules (1999), worked out by the National Archive of Sound and Moving Images (SLBA). The rules are compared, and the differences described and discussed in relation to the purposes and principles in Elaine Svenonius’ The Intellectual foundation of Information Organization (2000). The study shows that the rules answer to the principles and purposes, but indicates some differences. The SLBA version answers better to the principle of user convenience and the subprinciple of common usage: the user is in focus in decisions regarding new descriptions. KRS (chapter 6) answers better to the principle of representation and the subprinciple of accuracy: the description should be exact. The SLBA catalogue could be described as a “full-featured bibliographic system”; it addresses the user’s needs and helps to spread knowledge in the science community. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The purpose with this thesis is to research what function the National Library Catalogue of Sweden (LIBRIS) has as an information resource for Chinese language material. How is LIBRIS used as an information resource seen from the point of view of a users specific language need. This will be exemplified through an empirical survey of three user groups with different prerequisites concerning their knowledge in Chinese. Group A were beginners and had studied Chinese for one year. Group B were advanced students who were studying their third year of Chinese. Group C consisted of students with Chinese as their mother tongue. How does Swedish students who study Chinese and Chinese students, both at Lund University, search Chinese language material in LIBRIS?I gave the participants a list with eight titles of Chinese books written in Chinese characters and asked them to retrieve them in LIBRIS. Their sessions at the computer were recorded with the screen capture program iShowU. In that way I was able to study their navigation and searches very thorough. After each search session I interviewed them regarding their thoughts and feelings about the search process.My empirical study shows that there is a clear need to revise and improve the retrieval function of Chinese language material and the display of Chinese characters in the result lists and within bibliographic records.My method is based on empirical research through a set of qualitative observations and semi structured interviews. / Program: Bibliotekarie

Literature and music as an expression of art have some parts in common, others can quite differ. Both are using a language, and both can exist in written representations. You can find such written or printed items in library catalogues. The aim of this two years master's thesis is to examine how cataloguing of printed fiction-literature and printed music looks like, what differences you can find in cataloguing of printed literature and printed music. This study is based on a comparative methodology and two different theories are used. The first describes the common tasks for library catalogues as they are known traditionally and recently (as FRBR-conceptual model), the other is a comparison of the two art-species literature (fiction) and music. This paper's first part is a comparison of how printed literature and printed music are catalogued in the Swedish national catalogue LIBRIS. This comparison first looked at the Swedish cataloguing rules in KRS (Katalogiseringsregler för svenska bibliotek) and exemplified with a selection of the printed fictional works of one author and the printed music of one composer for comparison. In a second step the FRBR-conceptual model was examined for differences in the basic requirements for national bibliographic records either for printed fiction-literature or for printed music, and how much of these basic requirements are represented in the data of the LIBRIS-catalogue. For both parts it was possible to show, that the differences in cataloguing of printed literature and printed music exist, but only on a more or less detailed level. The tasks for a catalogue are for both literature and music the same: to find a work, to show what a library has and to assist in the choice of a work. But the bibliographic data for printed music materials are much more detailed than those for printed fiction-literature because of differences in the nature of literature and music. I think an implementation of the FRBR conceptual model would improve the information-possibilities of library catalogues. Mostly the fifth FRBR-task to relate would give more valuable information to a catalogue, especially for literary (fiction) and musical products that usually exist in many different expressions.

The new cataloging code Resource Description and Access (RDA) provides a system of instructions for recording relationships between related resources by means of a controlled vocabulary of relationship designators. The purpose of this two years master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies is to examine the construction of this system, as well as its theoretical foundation. One theoretical point of departure is the necessity of operational definitions for consistent identification of bibliographic relationships. Another such point of departure is that the theoretical model on which RDA is based (the FRBR model) is not a complete description of the biblio­graphic universe, but merely a limited representation of a set of assumptions about that universe. The thesis first examines Barbara B. Tillett's and Richard P. Smiraglia's theories and taxonomies of bibliographic relationships. The analysis shows that, in spite of their claims to provide a theoretical basis for consistent treatment of bibliographic relationships, neither Tillett nor Smiraglia offers operationally applicable definitions. The thesis then turns to RDA in order to examine the instructions and the list of relationship designators. After an introductory survey of RDA chapters 24 to 28, the possibility to record relationship designators at different entity levels is discussed. Remarkably, RDA neither provides instructions for how to choose between the entity levels, nor does it point out what this choice signifies. Finally, a selection of relationship designators representing content relationships is examined. The selected designators are analysed and compared to corresponding categories in literary theorist Gérard Genette's attempt to classify intertextual relationships. The analysis shows that though some of the selected designators are satisfactorily operationalized, most are not.

This thesis aims to study how the assignment of subject headings, from the Swedish subject headings list, in the Swedish national catalog Libris relates to works of marginalized groups from an intersectional perspective. The marginalized groups represented in this study are LGBTQ as well as racified. With the term radical cataloging as the background for this thesis, I have categorized five pairs of opposite words that were the bases for my keyword search and then analyzed the subject headings for the books that my keyword searches resulted in. Using Derrida's theories of deconstruction and the perception of The Other, I have investigated which subject headings are used to describe the marginalized groups and whether these subject headings can be problematic from an intersectional perspective. The conclusion is that, although both groups are represented by a variety of subject headings, they are not always used in a correct context. There is also a lack of several subject headings which would work towards an inclusion of these marginalized groups.

The demand on research libraries to digitize theircollections as a means of increasing the availabilityof said collections are increasing. However, a prerequisite for this is the cataloging of the collections – a task commonly associated with large demands on time and other resources. One way of handling this might be efforts in applying automatization as a part of the cataloging process. This thesis examines the possibilities of using automatization when catalog- ing commercial ephemera. For this, focus is directed towards the features of the material; the process of cataloging; and the demands on the catalogued mate- rial from its various users using a theory based on Monica J. Bates (2002) Cascade-model. By conducting a case study, consisting of observations based on contextual inquiry and interviews partly using photo elicitation, automatization of cataloging is found to be a possible way to improve availability, but not without its own complications and demands on re- sources. In conclusion, suggestions are made for considerations libraries should be aware of before automatization might be implemented at research libraries.